scholarly journals Development of HVAC Diffuser Unit for Task and Ambient Air Conditioning Allowing User to Control Built-in Fan — Evaluation of Air Supply Mode by Subjective Experiment and Field Measurement in Office

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Akimoto ◽  
Naoya Odagiri ◽  
Yoichi Nakashima ◽  
Seiji Miyazaki ◽  
Takashi Yanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Subjective Experiment ◽  
Supply Mode ◽  
Strong Mode ◽  
Fluctuation Mode ◽  
Dual Functions

HVAC diffusers have been developed that have dual functions for task and ambient air conditioning. In this study, we evaluated comfort according to air supply mode, strong or fluctuation mode, through a subjective experiment. We found that the fluctuation mode maintained greater comfort for longer compared with the strong mode under continuous airflow exposure. Therefore, the fluctuation mode is considered suitable for long-duration use. Moreover, field measurements in an actual office showed that the fluctuation mode was superior in terms of both comfort and energy saving compared with conventional air conditioning.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Air Supply Mode in Luxury Cruise Air-conditioning System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2029 (1) ◽  
pp. 012119
Author(s):  
Shaoshu Zhang ◽  
Haibo Gao ◽  
Zhiguo Lin ◽  
Yunrui Zhao ◽  
Yunhua Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Supply Mode

scholarly journals A novel method for online analysis of gas and particle composition: description and evaluation of a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker ◽  
C. Mohr ◽  
M. Ehn ◽  
F. Rubach ◽  
E. Kleist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Chamber Studies

Abstract. We describe a novel inlet that allows measurement of both gas and particle molecular composition when coupled to mass spectrometric, chromatographic, or optical sensors: the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO). The design goals for the FIGAERO are to allow unperturbed observation of ambient air while simultaneously analyzing gases and collecting particulate matter on a Teflon® (hereafter Teflon) filter via an entirely separate sampling port. The filter is analyzed periodically by the same sensor on hourly or faster timescales using temperature-programmed thermal desorption. We assess the performance of the FIGAERO by coupling it to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS) in laboratory chamber studies of α-pinene oxidation and field measurements at a boreal forest location. Low instrument backgrounds give detection limits of ppt or lower for compounds in the gas-phase and in the picogram m−3 range for particle phase compounds. The FIGAERO-HRToF-CIMS provides molecular information about both gases and particle composition on the 1 Hz and hourly timescales, respectively for hundreds of compounds. The FIGAERO thermal desorptions are highly reproducible (better than 10%), allowing a calibrated assessment of the effective volatility of desorbing compounds and the role of thermal decomposition during the desorption process. We show that the often multi-modal desorption thermograms arising from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) provide additional insights into molecular composition and/or particle morphology, and exhibit changes with changes in SOA formation or aging pathways.

scholarly journals Integrated method for the measurement of trace atmospheric bases

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 6007-6040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Key ◽  
J. Stihle ◽  
J.-E. Petit ◽  
C. Bonnet ◽  
L. Depernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Nitrogenous atmospheric bases are thought to play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources, transport, and sinks remain poorly understood. Of the many methods available to measure such compounds in ambient air, few meet the current need of being applicable to the complete range of potential analytes and fewer still are convenient to implement using instrumentation that is standard to most laboratories. In this work, an integrated approach to measuring trace atmospheric nitrogenous bases has been developed and validated. The method uses a simple acid scrubbing step to capture and concentrate the bases as their phosphite salts, which then are derivatized and analyzed using GC/MS and/or LC/MS. The advantages of both techniques in the context of the present measurements are discussed. The approach is sensitive, selective, reproducible, as well as convenient to implement and has been validated for different sampling strategies. The limits of detection for the families of tested compounds are suitable for ambient measurement applications, as supported by field measurements in an urban park and in the exhaust of on-road vehicles.

Effect of Air Conditioning Position on Thermal Comfort in the Floor Air Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Y.A. Sabtalistia ◽  
S.N.N. Ekasiwi ◽  
B. Iskandriawan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Diffusion

Energy consumption for air conditioning systems (air conditioning system) increased along with the increasing need for fresh air and comfortable in the room especially apartments. FAC system (Floor Air Conditioning) is growing because it is more energy efficient than CAC (Ceiling Air Conditioning) system. However, the position of the AC supply is on the lower level at the FAC system causes draft discomfort becomes greater as air supply closer to the occupants so that thermal comfort can be reduced. Heat mixture of windows, exterior walls, kitchen, and occupants in the studio apartment affect thermal comfort in the room too.This study aims to determine the position of the AC supply which has the best thermal comfort of FAC system in the studio apartment. It can be done by analyzing ADPI (Air Diffusion Performance Index), the distribution of air temperature, wind speed, RH (Relative Humidity), and DR (Draft Risk) to change the position of the AC supply supported by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation.This result prove that AC position 2 (on wall near the kitchen) is more comfortable than AC position 1 (on the bathroom wall) because AC position 2 away from occupied areas, thereby reducing the occurrence of draught discomfort.

Ventilation improvement for reducing individual exposure to cooking-generated particles in Chinese residential kitchen

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsheng Cao ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
Li Wu ◽  
Xihui Ding ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Baseline Case ◽  
Open Window ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Supply Mode ◽  
Supply Velocity

This paper investigates the situation of residential kitchen ventilation and individual exposure in China and attempts to reduce the exposure through organizing local make-up airflow. Measurements were conducted in a kitchen chamber to reproduce the real exposure to the cooking-generated particles under the mode of natural make-up airflow surveyed. Measurements results show that an individual cooking in a kitchen could be exposed to a concentration of airborne particles at ∼10 mg/m3 within a simplified cooking process of oil heating, in the case of an experimental kitchen chamber with an open window or closed window/door. Local make-up airflow through upward make-up air supply or downward make-up air supply was further investigated to determine the effectiveness for reduction of the exposure level. When the air-supply velocity at the outlet of the upward make-up air supply or downward make-up air supply mode was well defined, the individual exposure level could be reduced by 2–3 orders of magnitude, as compared to the baseline case when all the make-up air was from open window. Intake fraction of cooking-generated particles could be as low as ∼10−5 and ∼10−6 under the two modes. This finding has illustrated that well-organized local make-up airflow could largely reduce an individual’s exposure to the cooking-generated particles in Chinese residential kitchen.

scholarly journals Integrated method for the measurement of trace nitrogenous atmospheric bases

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795-2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Key ◽  
J. Stihle ◽  
J.-E. Petit ◽  
C. Bonnet ◽  
L. Depernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Nitrogenous atmospheric bases are thought to play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources, transport, and sinks remain poorly understood. Of the many methods available to measure such compounds in ambient air, few meet the current need of being applicable to the complete range of potential analytes and fewer still are convenient to implement using instrumentation that is standard to most laboratories. In this work, an integrated approach to measuring trace, atmospheric, gaseous nitrogenous bases has been developed and validated. The method uses a simple acid scrubbing step to capture and concentrate the bases as their phosphite salts, which then are derivatized and analyzed using GC/MS and/or LC/MS. The advantages of both techniques in the context of the present measurements are discussed. The approach is sensitive, selective, reproducible, as well as convenient to implement and has been validated for different sampling strategies. The limits of detection for the families of tested compounds are suitable for ambient measurement applications (e.g., methylamine, 1 pptv; ethylamine, 2 pptv; morpholine, 1 pptv; aniline, 1 pptv; hydrazine, 0.1 pptv; methylhydrazine, 2 pptv), as supported by field measurements in an urban park and in the exhaust of on-road vehicles.

Researching Air-Conditioning Addiction and Ways of Puncturing Practice: Professional Office Workers and the Decision to Go outside

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2838-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Hitchings
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Day

Though many people around the world now spend much of their time surrounded by bodies of controlled ambient air indoors, we still know relatively little about the subjectivities involved. Some have deployed the idea of air-conditioning addiction. Others emphasise the enjoyable sensations associated with temporary escape. The research described in this paper sought to add some empirical depth to these discussions by combining theories of social practice with a programme of serial interviews to examine how a sample of city professionals felt about the long periods they spent inside air-conditioned offices. The rationale was that, through these means, it should be possible to identify ways of disrupting otherwise habitual indoor existences and thereby discourage people from becoming increasingly reliant upon ambient conditions that are environmentally costly to supply. Describing their passage through a typical working day, this paper focuses on the moments when it might have occurred to them to spend time outside and how certain mental and material elements combined to impede the arrival of this decision. This exercise is used to draw out suggestions about how a better relationship between professional office workers and the everyday outdoors could be encouraged. The broader conclusion is that contextual studies which examine how places and practices produce decisions, instead of assuming individual people merely make them, have their part to play in fostering positive social futures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document