scholarly journals Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Indoor Environmental Quality in a nZEB sport hall in a Mediterranean climate.

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02048
Author(s):  
Joana Ortiz ◽  
Maria L. Gonzalez Matterson ◽  
Paolo Taddeo ◽  
Jaume Salom
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Monitoring Campaign ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Comfort Parameters

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the environmental comfort of the users of a new nZEB sport hall located in Tarragona, Spain, through a Post Occupancy Evaluation. The study is composed by two phases of measurements where the visual comfort, the thermal comfort and the air quality are evaluated. The first monitoring campaign is focused on a detailed visual comfort evaluation under daylight conditions, done on July 28th, 2017. The second monitoring campaign is focused on the thermal comfort and the air quality and was performed during the Mediterranean Olympic Games from June 19th to July 1st of 2018. Moreover, around 140 of surveys are done to the audience to compare the calculated comfort parameters with the perception of the users. The results of the Post Occupancy Evaluation are satisfactory, obtaining good comfort indexes and demonstrating a good perception by the users.

scholarly journals Transformation of an Office Building into a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): Implications for Thermal and Visual Comfort and Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Argun Paragamyan ◽  
Anna Pellegrino ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Efficiency Measures

Directive 2010/31/EU promotes the refurbishment of existing buildings to change them into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs). Within this framework, it is of crucial importance to guarantee the best trade-off between energy performance and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The implications of a global refurbishment scenario on thermal and visual comfort are assessed in this paper pertaining to an existing office building. The retrofit actions applied to achieve the nZEB target consist of a combination of envelope and technical building systems refurbishment measures, involving both HVAC and lighting. Energy and comfort calculations were carried out through dynamic simulation using Energy Plus and DIVA, for the thermal and visual performance assessments, respectively. The results point out that energy retrofit actions on the building envelope would lead to significant improvements in the thermal performance, regarding both energy savings (−37% of the annual primary energy for heating) and thermal comfort. However, a daylighting reduction would occur with a consequent higher electricity demand for lighting (36%). The research presents a detailed approach applicable to further analyses aimed at optimizing the energy efficiency measures in order to reduce the imbalance between visual and thermal comfort and to ensure the best performance in both domains.

Indoor air quality and thermal comfort evaluation in a Spanish modern low-energy office with thermally activated building systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Rey Martínez ◽  
Manuel Andrés Chicote ◽  
Antonio Villanueva Peñalver ◽  
Ana Tejero Gónzalez ◽  
Eloy Velasco Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Building Systems

scholarly journals HVAC Ventilation Strategies: The Contribution for Thermal Comfort, Energy Efficiency, and Indoor Air Quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatuwat Varodompun ◽  
Mojtaba Navvab
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Jet Ventilation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ventilation Strategies

In Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, ventilation strategies impact building energy consumption, occupants' thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Ventilation strategies such as Mixing Jet Ventilation (MJV), Displacement Ventilation (DV), and Impinging Jet Ventilation (IJV) are operated on the different principals. MJV relies on dilution, while DV and IJV rely on both dilution and stratification. Due to climatic variation, ventilation strategies must be operated under different cooling and heating load scenarios. Typically, each ventilation strategy controls the indoor environment through a single adequate flow rate with suitable supply parameters such as temperature, pollutant concentration, vapor, velocity, etc. Hence, the indoor thermal and IAQ condition are independently impacted. A room with excellent thermal condition is possible to have poor IAQ. Given this limitation, vast air flow variables, and occupants' activities, the performances evaluation of these strategies are complicated. In this study, three ventilation strategies, MJV, DV, and IJV are thoroughly investigated. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was mainly utilized to handle the complexity of this study. The parametric studies of 48 CFD simulations are presented. Referring to ASHRAE RP-1133, the experimental data from a specially built HVAC-IEQ laboratory was used to validate the CFD data. The research results indicate both advantages and disadvantages in all three strategies. In addition, there is no single strategy that can perform excellently in all indexes. Using the well-known index called ventilation effectiveness (VEF), DV performs outstandingly. However, under a newly proposed index called ventilation performances, DV fails because the stratification discomfort exceeds 36% of room area. MJV suffers from low VEF and excessive draft. However, the IAQ of MJV is not as poor as expected. IJV can be an alternative especially for space where sleeping and sitting activities dominate. IJV can conserve HVAC energy, while maintaining good IAQ. Compared to DV, although VEF is lower, stratification discomfort is minimized to 24%–12% (depending on supply velocity). Overall, this study demonstrates that ventilation strategies are the key to enhance IAQ. Therefore, the utilization of an appropriate ventilation strategy might increase, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) score, particularly for Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation and Design Process, and Energy and Atmospheric categories.

scholarly journals The Comfort Map—A Possible Tool for Increasing Personal Comfort in Office Workplaces

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Ágnes Borsos ◽  
Erzsébet Szeréna Zoltán ◽  
Éva Pozsgai ◽  
Balázs Cakó ◽  
Gabriella Medvegy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Office Employees

Previous studies have shown that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters may have a considerable effect on office employees’ comfort, health and performance. Therefore, we initiated a research program to help occupants identify IEQ parameters they perceive as risk factors for their health in an office and enhance their comfort levels in an office environment. Since we assumed that office employees might have different indoor environmental quality expectations related to their work area and that these differences could be measured, our objective was to develop an office ‘comfort map’ based on occupants’ individual IEQ preferences. Thus, the goal of the comfort map would be to help tailor office spaces to their occupants’ health and comfort expectations. The comfort survey was developed to assess the comfort-related opinions of the occupants, based on IEQ parameters (visual comfort, acoustic comfort, air quality and thermal comfort) of a chosen open-plan office building. The survey also assessed the degree to which the given IEQ parameter was considered a health risk factor by occupants or caused a negative comfort sensation for them. The survey was filled in by 216 occupants. The answers were then analyzed with the help of a frequency table depicting relative frequency. The measurements of IEQ parameters took place in an open-plan office in the chosen office building (a Hungarian subsidiary’s office building belonging to an international company in Budapest). The occupants had different opinions regarding the perceived effects of the IEQ parameters on their health and comfort. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (64.8%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of the noises and sounds IEQ parameter at their workstation. Furthermore, half of the respondents (50.1%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of ventilation. Most of the occupants (45.8%) considered noises and sounds as the IEQ parameter that had a negative effect on their health. There were also IEQ differences between different areas of the office space. Based on these results, a comfort map was developed for the office. The comfort map contains information about the IEQ characteristics of each workstation by depicting the thermal comfort, carbon dioxide, visual comfort and acoustic comfort characteristics of a given workstation on a relative scale. Based on the thermal, air, acoustic, and lighting differences between the workstations, occupants can select their preferred workstations when a desk-sharing system works. Although still in its pilot phase, the comfort map could increase the chances for office employees to find the workstation best suited to their IEQ expectations. This could improve occupants’ overall comfort level, which could in turn enhance occupants’ productivity and mental as well as physical health.

scholarly journals Air Enthalpy as an IAQ Indicator in Hot and Humid Environment—Experimental Evaluation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Piasecki ◽  
Krystyna Kostyrko ◽  
Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Katarzyna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Experimental Function ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Impact

The authors studied the impact of indoor air humidity in the range of 60% to 90% on building user perception in the temperature range of 26 to 28 °C. The research thesis was put forward that the impact of humidity on indoor air quality dissatisfaction of building users in a warm and humid indoor environment is greater than that indicated in thermal comfort models. The presented experiment examined the indoor air quality perception of n = 28 subjects in the test chamber of a nearly zero energy building under ten environmental conditions, together with a thermal comfort assessment. The authors developed an experimental relation for predicting building users’ satisfaction based on the Weber–Fechner law, where the predicted percentage of dissatisfied users (PD) is determined by means of air enthalpy (h), PD = f(h). The obtained results confirmed the sated thesis. Additionally, the intersection points of the experimental function and isotherms resulting from the Fanger model are presented, where the thermal comfort assessment starts to indicate lower user dissatisfaction results than experimental values. The authors recommend the experimental equation for humid air enthalpies in the range of 50 to 90 kJ/kg. The indoor air quality assessment based on the enthalpy value is simple and can be used to determine the overall Indoor Environmental Quality index of a building (IEQindex).

AN EVALUATION OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPANT WELL-BEING IN MANITOBA SCHOOL BUILDINGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Radwan ◽  
Mohamed H. Issa
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Green School

This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba, Canada, and to evaluate the well-being of these schools' teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms' indoor environment. The schools include a middle-aged, conventional school; a new, non-green school; and a new, green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system. The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers' long-term satisfaction with their classrooms' indoor environmental quality. The results showed that the new, green and new, non-green schools' classrooms performed better than the conventional, middle-aged school's classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only. Teachers in the new, green school and in the new, non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional, middle-aged school with their classrooms' overall indoor environmental quality, lighting quality and indoor air quality. Surprisingly, the new, green and new-non green school classrooms' performance were very comparable with the new, green school's classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity. Similarly, none of the differences in teachers' satisfaction ratings between the new, green and new, non-green school were statistically significant.

POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION (POE) OF CONVENTIONAL-DESIGNED BUILDINGS: THE EFFECTS OF OCCUAPNTS’ COMFORT ON PRODUCTIVITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid-Wajdi Akashah ◽  
Azlan Shah Ali ◽  
Siti Fatunah Mohd Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Spss Software

POE is important to evaluate comfort level and satisfaction of building occupants because it indicates their productivity, health, and wellbeing. It is absolutely necessary to ensure building occupants are comfortable and satisfied about buildings’ indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Productivity may be interrupted due to building occupants’ discomfort, which affect their work performance. This study presents the how comfort and satisfaction affects the occupants’ productivity in conventional-designed buildings. Five office buildings located in University of Malaya were selected as the case studies. 278 questionnaires feedbacks found to be useful to form a database on the IEQ. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings shows that majority of the respondents in conventional-designed building were slightly comfortable and satisfied about their IEQ comfort level which were indoor air quality, thermal, lighting, and noise comforts. Although, the design of conventional buildings did not taking into account on sustainability designing, it still functionally well and provided comfort which leads to increasing of employees productivity. The associative test showed significant correlation between illness symptom and IEQ components. Admin buildings had more noticeable illness symptoms in contrast with Faculty buildings. It could be concluded that building occupants’ productivity were least affected by the conventional-design building.  

Modeling the Thermal Comfort of Internal Building Spaces in Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Volkov ◽  
Artem Sedov ◽  
Pavel Chelyshkov ◽  
Ekaterina Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Comfort Parameters

<p class="p0">Creating a comfortable indoor environment has been one of the mainconcerns when it comes to the design and operation of buildings. Buildings are a crucial part of our daily life, on average people spends 85 % of their time performing activities inside of buildings and therefore the quality of the indoor environment is a critical factor affecting the happiness and productivity of building users.The indoor environmental quality has a strong relationship on the thermal conditions of a space which is directly affected by the amount of heat lost or gained due to the properties of the materials used, the external environmental conditions and the inner sources of heat; In consequence, efforts have to be made to maintain proper thermal conditions by means of using natural and mechanical strategies to provide heating, cooling and ventilation. While the thermal comfort is an important aspect for the average user of a building, it becomes a critical aspect when it comes to population highly sensitive to thermal conditions. Children under and patients in hospitals with low levels of immune system are more likely to feel discomfort under certain operational conditions of ventilation, cooling and heating delivery systems.Particularly in this study have been investigated the thermal comfort and thermal comfort parameters for children, toddlers and hospital patients in three locations during the typical operation of systems in late spring.</p>

scholarly journals Detailed Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality Using Real-Time Multiple Environmental Monitoring Data for a Childcare Center

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Sukjoon Oh ◽  
Suwon Song
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Childcare Center

Thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), and energy use are closely related, even though these have different aspects with respect to building performance. We analyzed thermal comfort and IAQ using real-time multiple environmental data, which include indoor air temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (e.g., PM10 and PM2.5), as well as electricity use from an energy recovery ventilation (ERV) system for a childcare center. Thermal comfort frequency and time-series analyses were conducted in detail to thoroughly observe real-time thermal comfort and IAQ conditions with and without ERV operation, and to identify energy savings opportunities during occupied and unoccupied hours. The results show that the highest CO2 and PM10 concentrations were reduced by 51.4% and 29.5%, respectively, during the occupied hours when the ERV system was operating. However, it was also identified that comfort frequencies occurred during unoccupied hours and discomfort frequencies during occupied hours. By analyzing and communicating the three different types of real-time monitoring data, it is concluded that the ERV system should be controlled by considering not only IAQ (e.g., CO2 and PM2.5) but also thermal comfort and energy use to enhance indoor environmental quality and save energy based on real-time multiple monitoring data.

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