scholarly journals Technologies and Technical Means for Anti-Erosion Differentiated Soil Treatment System

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhadir Mirzaev ◽  
Farmon Mamatov ◽  
Ikromjon Avazov ◽  
Sherzod Mardonov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
First Year ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

This paper highlights the necessity of system modification of the main soil slopes processing by developing new technologies of processing eroded soils and technical means to protect a soil from wind and water erosion, reduce processing energy costs, improve moisture accumulation and preservation, and increase the aggregate productivity. An improved differentiated system of slopes soil tilling is proposed, including a crest-stepped ploughing with complete alternation (at 180° within the range of own furrow) and incomplete turnover of the layers and mouldboardless two-tier tilling. During the first year, a crest-stepped ploughing was carried out on slope fields affected by water and wind erosion. Thus, stratum’s subsurface layers are strip loosened. To implement this technology, an improved plough for crest-stepped ploughing developed on the basis of a stepped plough for furrowless smooth tillage is proposed. The rotation was carried out with mould boardless two-tier soil tilling by a ripper with inclined posts. Further, it is recommended to develop and implement combined machines able to simultaneously conduct mould boardless and mouldboard soil tilling, strip subsurface loosening, fertilizer application and other manipulations to prepare soil for sowing and the sowing per one passage of the unit to protect soil from wind and water erosion.

scholarly journals Soil Sensitivity to Wind and Water Erosion as Affected by Land Use in Southern Iran

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Hasan Mozaffari ◽  
Mahrooz Rezaei ◽  
Yaser Ostovari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion ◽  
Stability Indices

Land degradation by soil erosion is one of the most severe environmental issues that is greatly dependent on land use management. In this study, the effects of long-term land use management (including annual cultivated field (ACF), fallow field (FF), rangeland (R), and orchard field (OF)), soil depth (0–10 and 10–20 cm), and soil organic matter content (SOM) on wind- and water-erosion indices were investigated in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Soil samples were collected from four above-mentioned land-use types, and some soil properties and erosion indices were measured. Results showed that the most of soil aggregates stability indices in the surface layer (0–10 cm) of OF were higher than those in ACF, FF, and R, respectively, by nearly 39%, 32%, and 47% for dry mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDdry); 10%, 10%, and 48% for dry geometric mean weight diameter of aggregates (GMDdry); 21%, 17%, and 15% for water-stable aggregates (WSA); and 11%, 16%, and 31% for aggregate stability index (ASI). Moreover, the mean of the soil wind erosion indicators in OF (0–10 cm) were lower than those in ACF, FF, and R, respectively, by nearly 18%, 24%, and 26%, for wind-erodible fraction (EF); 43%, 38%, and 49% for soil erodibility to wind erosion (K); and 36%, 32%, and 41% for wind erosion rate (ER). In ACF, despite the high clay content, some aggregate stability indices such as MWøDdry and WSA were the lowest among studied land-use types which showed the negative effects of conventional tillage practices. Depth factor had only a significant effect on dust emission potential (DEP) in ACF, FF, and OF. In addition, there were significant and strong correlations between SOM and MWDdry (r = 0.79), WSA (r = 0.77), EF (r = −0.85), K (r = 0.74), and ER (r = 0.74) in all datasets.

ESTIMATES OF SOIL EROSION AND DEPOSITION FOR SOME SASKATCHEWAN SOILS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DE JONG ◽  
C. B. M. BEGG ◽  
R. G. KACHANOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Middle Slope ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Losses

137Cs from the atmospheric testing of nuclear devices in the 1950s and 1960s was used to estimate soil erosion in eight small basins in hummocky topography. Three basins had not been cultivated since the 1950s and in these 137Cs showed little or no separation according to landscape position. In the cultivated basins, 137Cs increased from the top to the bottom of the slopes reflecting the simultaneous occurrence of soil erosion on the upper slopes and deposition on the lower slopes. The redistribution of 137Cs was least in a cultivated basin where water erosion was minimal. From the 137Cs it was estimated that over the past 20–25 yr the upper slopes in the cultivated basins had lost 20–60 kg soil/m2, whereas the lower slopes had gained 25–80 kg/m2. Some middle-slope positions lost soil, others gained. An attempt to construct 137Cs and soil balances for each of the cultivated basins was only partially successful. The inability to accurately delineate areas of erosion and areas of deposition is probably the major obstacle in calculating accurate balances for the basins. The 137Cs balances did show promise of being able to separate soil losses by wind and water erosion. Key words: Water erosion, wind erosion, 137Cs, deposition, universal soil loss equation

scholarly journals Corn Stover Removal Responses on Soil Test P and K Levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
James R. Frederick ◽  
Don W. Watts ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Douglas L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
K Concentration

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available P and K concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impacts on topsoil P and K contents in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Ultisols. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by wt) were removed for five years from replicated plots. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1)-extractable P and K concentrations were used to monitor changes within the soils. Grain alone removed 13–15 kg ha−1 P and 15–18 kg ha−1 K each year, resulting in a cumulative removal of 70 and 85 kg ha−1 or 77 and 37% of the P and K fertilizer application, respectively. Harvesting stover increased nutrient removal such that when combined with grain removed, a cumulative total of 95% of the applied P and 126% of fertilizer K were taken away. This caused M1 P and K levels to decline significantly in the first year and even with annual fertilization to remain relatively static thereafter. For these Ultisols, we conclude that P and K fertilizer recommendations should be fine-tuned for P and K removed with grain and stover harvesting and that stover harvest of >50% by weight will significantly decrease soil test M1 P and K contents.

scholarly journals Trends on the Artificial Fertilizer Market and in Fertilizers Use in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Gergő Ács
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
World Market ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Base

The fertilizer market in Hungary is rather concentrated, which has a strong influence on the price of the fertilizer. Our domestic fertilizer use is primarily determined by that of nitrogen. The use of phosphorus is also significant but the trends in the use of potassium do not match the total quantities applied in individual years. Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of farmers still focus on the application of nitrogen and also apply phosphorus but either neglect or do not pay enough attention to potassium fertilization. The changes in fertilizer prices between 2006 and 2017 can be broken down into two periods. Until 2012 a very important and dynamic increase was observed as a result of which the prices of N, P and K fertilizers increased by 80-120%, 160% and about 120%, respectively. This was followed by a downturn in the market and in relation to 2012 prices there were 20-30/ decreases experienced until 2017 but the rate of this lagged behind the prices in other European countries. Owing to this trend the prices of N, P and K have increased by 60%, 100% and 80%, respectively, over the past ten years. The correlation between fertilizer application and the prices of fertilizers in any given year is low but there is a positive one observed between fertilizer application and the fertilizer prices in the preceding year. This means supposedly that farmers mostly buy the fertilizers they wish to apply not in the current but in the preceding year and store them until these are applied. There is a strong correlation seen between fertilizer prices and the prices of corn and wheat, which means that fertilizer traders also keep tabs on economic results and also increase fertilizer prices under the influence of higher prices. Furthermore, it can be claimed that there is no correlation between crude oil prices on the world market and domestic N fertilizer prices. This is an important factor since the primary base material of N fertilizers is natural gas and their production involves considerable energy costs as well. It can be seen, however, that this is not what determines our domestic fertilizer prices, which can be explained by the fact that the price calculations by the determining actors on the Hungarian fertilizer market is not based on costs but on the demand. JEL Classification: Q13

Erosional sand columns in dune sands, Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. Gees ◽  
Anil K. Lyall
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Dune Sands ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

Miniature sand columns eroded into crossbedded dune sands are described. Apparently the columns formed after the spring thaw by wind and water erosion.

OBSTACLES OF IMPLEMENTING GREEN MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITAL BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdulLateef Olanrewaju ◽  
Yee Jia Teo ◽  
Fikri Mohamed Sarajul
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Top Management Support ◽  
Maintenance Practice ◽  
Poor Understanding

Demand for green hospital buildings is increasing. While some hospital buildings were designed and constructed as green buildings, many hospital buildings have been upgraded to comply with the green requirements. Green hospital buildings require green maintenance practice. In comparison, procuring green buildings is easy as compared to green maintenance. Through unstructured interviews involving 3 hospitals, this research investigated the complications in the implementation of green maintenance in hospital buildings. The research found that lack of awareness, financial constraints/government support, new technologies, and top management support were the major obstacles toward the implementation of green maintenance. The results also confirmed that the maintenance of hospital buildings is corrective, reactive, and cost-driven. The salient finding from this research is that the maintenance organizations have a poor understanding of the concept of green maintenance practices. Saving energy costs are the main purpose of implementing green maintenance in hospitals. From an ontological point of view, the main findings of this research on the constraints of the implementation of green maintenance are generalizable to other types of buildings in and outside of Malaysia.

Quantifying provenance of reservoir sediment using multiple composite fingerprints in an arid region experiencing both wind and water erosion

Geomorphology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baicheng Niu ◽  
Jianjun Qu ◽  
Xunchang (John) Zhang ◽  
Benli Liu ◽  
Lihai Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Reservoir Sediment ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

scholarly journals On-Site Water and Wind Erosion Experiments Reveal Relative Impact on Total Soil Erosion

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Marzen ◽  
Thomas Iserloh ◽  
Wolfgang Fister ◽  
Manuel Seeger ◽  
Jesus Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Potential Impact

The relative impact of water and wind on total erosion was investigated by means of an experimental-empirical study. Wind erosion and water erosion were measured at five different sites: (1) Mediterranean fallow, (2) Mediterranean orchard, (3) wheat field, (4) vineyard and (5) sand substrate. Mean erosion rates ranged from 1.55 to 618 g·m−2·h−1 for wind and from 0.09 to 133.90 g·m−2·h−1 for rain eroded material over all tested sites. Percentages (%) of eroded sediment for wind and rain, respectively, were found to be 2:98 on Mediterranean fallow, 11:89 on Mediterranean orchard, 3:97 on wheat field, 98:2 on vineyard and 99:1 on sand substrate. For the special case of soil surface crust destroyed by goat trampling, the measured values emphasize a strong potential impact of herding on total soil erosion. All sites produced erosion by wind and rain, and relations show that both erosive forces may have an impact on total soil erosion depending on site characteristics. The results indicate a strong need to focus on both wind and water erosion particularly concerning soils and substrates in vulnerable environments. Measured rates show a general potential erosion depending on recent developments of land use and climate change and may raise awareness of scientist, farmers and decision makers about potential impact of both erosive forces. Knowledge about exact relationship is key for an adapted land use management, which has great potential to mitigate degradation processes related to climate change.

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