scholarly journals Biotoxicity of heavy metal salts to Bacillus subtilis and their sorption properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sizentcov ◽  
Elena Sal’nikova ◽  
Elena Barysheva ◽  
Yaroslav Sizentcov ◽  
Veronika Sal’nikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
High Level

The prospect of the use of microorganisms in medical and veterinary practice at the present stage of scientific development has high potential based on natural mechanisms of protection and adaptation of organisms to the effects of adverse factors. The biological adaptation potential of microorganisms to the effects of heavy metals found its practical application in studies of soil and water bioremediation. Based on the above, we set the aim to assess inhibitory characteristics of various heavy metal compounds, the extent of their impact on the growth of populations of probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis, and to study biosorption criteria of the strains. To achieve this aim, we used isolated cultures of probiotic strains B. subtilis 534 and B. subtilis 10641 extracted from drugs Sporobacterin and Vetom 1.1, respectively. Various chemical compounds of iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead with a various anion component were used as growth inhibitors in the study. The criterion for the selection of compounds was a high level of their dissociation in water solutions. Data presented in this work experimentally confirm the capability of using probiotic strains in ecosystems of biological origin. A comparison of two strains of Bacillus subtilis showed a high level of resistance to xenobiotic elements with strain differences in the studied microorganism. The B. subtilis 534 strain revealed a higher level of resistance to compounds with a direct correlation between the inhibitory characteristics of the elements and the level of element sorption from the nutrient substrate.

Effect of metals on antibiotic sensitivity, growth, and biofilm-forming capacity of B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Cifrić
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Bacteria Culture ◽  
Subtilis Subsp

B. subtilis is normally considered a soil organism, it can be also found in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract. Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii is a type of Bacillus subtilis complex. It shares up to 99% of homology with B. subtilis CU1, which can be represented as a probiotic strain. Metal compounds found in soil or used in agriculture can easily enter the food chain and end up in our gut. Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Bacillus spp.) have good adsorptive capacity for metals due to high peptidoglycan and teichoic acid content in cell walls. There is some evidence that certain metals inside the intestine play an important role in influencing growth and functionality of specific probiotic strains. Some of them have inhibitory, while others have an activating effect on bacteria. This study revealed that metal compounds increased antibiotic susceptibility of B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii. Higher concentrations of metal solutions inhibited growth of tested bacteria. Culture did not show affinity to form biofilms before or after addition of metal solutions.

scholarly journals The effect of heavy metal contamination on human and animal health in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Shen ◽  
Yongkuan Chi ◽  
Kangning Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Control Samples

AbstractA diagnosis of heavy metal poisoning in sheep living on pasture in the vicinity of a zinc smelter was made based on laboratory tests and clinical signs in livestock in the Wumeng mountain area of China. Heavy metal contamination has generated serious harm to the health of local farmers after passing through the food chain. The levels of copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in irrigation water, soil, forages, and animal tissues were measured in samples taken from within the vicinity of a zinc smelter and control samples. Heavy metal concentrations in foods (corn, rice, and wheat) and human tissues (blood and hair) from local farmers living in affected areas and controls were also determined. Hematological values were determined in human and animal samples. The copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead concentrations in irrigation water, soils, and forages were markedly higher than the levels in healthy pastures. Cadmium and lead concentrations were 177.82 and 16.61 times greater in forages than controls, respectively, and 68.71 and 15.66 times greater in soils than controls, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in food (corn, rice, and wheat) in affected areas were markedly higher than in the control samples. Cadmium and lead concentrations in the tissues of affected sheep were markedly higher than in control animals (P< 0.01). Cadmium and lead concentrations in blood and hair samples from affected farmers were markedly higher than the control samples (P < 0.01). The occurrence of anemia in affected persons and animals followed a hypochromic and microcytic pattern. The intake of cadmium and lead was estimated according to herbage ingestion rates. It was found that the levels of cadmium and lead accumulated in sheep through the ingestion of vegetation growing in the sites closest to the zinc smelter were approximately 3.36 mg Cd/kg body wt./day and 38.47 mg Pb/kg body wt./day. This surpassed the fatal dosages for sheep of 1.13 mg Cd/kg body wt/day and 4.42 mg Pb/kg body wt./day. Serum total antioxidant capacity in affected humans and animals was significantly lower than in the controls (P < 0.01). The serum protein parameters in affected humans and animals were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). It was therefore concluded that heavy metal contamination has caused serious harm to sheep in this area. The heavy metal concentrations in food and grain also pose a significant risk to human health in the Chinese Wumeng mountain area.

Polymers contamination by heavy metal compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
Sasa Jovanic ◽  
Dragoslav Stoiljkovic ◽  
Ivanka Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Metal Compound ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The contamination of important synthetic (surface unmodified) polymers by various heavy metal compounds (such as copper, manganese and lead) in aqueous medium was investigated in this study. The influence of the pH of the aqueous medium, temperature and metal type on contamination was investigated during a 10 day period. It was found that increasing pH contributed to higher polymer contamination (at higher pH 100 times for copper and up to 400 times for lead), as well as contact with easily penetrable substances. Increasing temperature decreased contamination by the metal compound for PELD and PET which was not the case for PEHD and PR.

High-level exogenous glutamic acid-independent production of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) with organic acid addition in a new isolated Bacillus subtilis C10

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huili Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Zhu ◽  
Xiangcheng Zhu ◽  
Jin Cai ◽  
Anyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Heavy metal intoxication compromises the host cytokine response in Ascaris Suum model infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dvorožňáková ◽  
M. Dvorožňáková ◽  
J. Šoltys
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
High Level ◽  
Larval Burden ◽  
Heavy Metal Intoxication

SummaryLead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) are recognized for their deleterious effect on the environment and immunity where subsequently compromised immune response affects the susceptibility to the potential parasitic infections. This study examined the host cytokine response after heavy metal intoxication (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and subsequent Ascaris suum infection in BALB/c mice. Pb modulated murine immune response towards the Th2 type of response (delineated by IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine production) what was also dominant for the outcome of A. suum infection. Chronic intoxication with Pb caused a more intensive development of the parasite infection. Cd stimulated the Th1 immune response what was associated with increase in IFN-γ production and reduction of larvae present in the liver of intoxicated mice. The larval burden was also low in mice intoxicated with Hg. This was probably not related to the biased Th1/Th2 type of immune response, but rather to the bad host conditions caused by mercury toxicity and high level of pro-cachectic cytokine TNF-α.

The Legal Form of Financial Institutions as a Way to Protect the Rights of Financial Market Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Valentina I. Borisova ◽  
Igor V. Borisov ◽  
Farkhad S. Karagussov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Legal Entities

Abstract Financial institutions are the centre of economic and legal interests of participants of the financial services market, which is itself characterised by a high level of conflict of interests of its participants. The purpose of the article is the scientific development of the legal structure of organisational and legal forms of financial institutions, in the market of financial services, as a legal mechanism for reconciling the economic and legal interests of the main participants of this market. The features of basic and modified legal forms of legal entities are elaborated in this article. It is determined that financial institutions are established and operate in ‘modified’ legal forms. Such forms emerge due to the supplementation of the structure of the main elements of the basic legal forms of legal entities. This refers to additional functional legal means that reflect special requirements for the relevant types of legal entities, depending on the economic and legal interests of their founders/participants.

Ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid complexes with divalent manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead: a thermodynamic study

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gualtieri ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde ◽  
H. K. J. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Protonation Constants ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
Diacetic Acid ◽  
Calorimetric Data ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Aqueous Acid ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Proton Dissociation ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The four protonation constants are reported for the dianion of ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid(H2L),25°C, I = 0.10 M(KNO3), (log ki = 9.60, 6.51, 2.12, 1.3). log K(potentiometric) and ΔH(calorimetric) data are reported for the formation of the complexes [ML], M = Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ (log K = 6.87, 10.99, 9.16, and 10.66; ΔH = −2.9, −24.4, −16.7, and −28.0 kJ mol−1 respectively). The complexes [ZnL] and [PbL] undergo (aqua) proton dissociation reactions, [Formula: see text] log KD = −10.56 and −11.02, ΔHD = +60.7 and +38.5 kJ mol−1, respectively. Potentiometric and nmr studies indicate that the ligand undergoes a slow (metal catalysed) hydrolysis or rearrangement in aqueous acid.

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