scholarly journals Design parameters influencing the operation of a CHP plant within a micro-grid: application of the ANOVA test

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Alberto Fichera ◽  
Arturo Pagano ◽  
Rosaria Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Cost Parameters

Combined heat and power systems are widely recognized as a cost-effective solution for the achievement of sustainable and energy efficiency goals. During the last decade, cogeneration systems have been extensively studied from both the technological and operational viewpoints. However, the operation of a cogeneration system is a topic still worth of investigation. In fact, along with the determination of the optimal configurations of the combined heat and power systems, it is likewise fundamental to increase the awareness on the design and cost parameters affecting the operation of cogeneration systems, especially if considering the micro-grid in which they are inserted. In this direction, this paper proposed a mixed integer linear programming model with the objective of minimizing the total operational costs of the micro-grid. Different scenarios include the satisfaction of the cooling demands of the micro-grid as well as the opportuneness to include a heat storage. The influence of the main design and cost parameters on the operation of the micro-grid has been assessed by adopting the statistical tool ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance). The model and the experimental application of the ANOVA have been applied to a micro-grid serving a hospital located in the South of Italy.

scholarly journals Reduction of Annual Operational Costs in Power Systems through the Optimal Siting and Sizing of STATCOMs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽  
Jose Eduardo Fuentes ◽  
Francisco David Moya ◽  
José Ángel Barrios ◽  
Harold R. Chamorro
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Annual Operating Cost

The problem of the optimal siting and placement of static compensates (STATCOMs) in power systems is addressed in this paper from an exact mathematical optimization point of view. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to present the problem was developed with the aim of minimizing the annual operating costs of the power system, which is the sum of the costs of the energy losses and of the installation of the STATCOMs. The optimization model has constraints regarding the active and reactive power balance equations and those associated with the devices’ capabilities, among others. To characterize the electrical behavior of the power system, different load profiles such as residential, industrial, and commercial are considered for a period of 24 h of operation. The solution of the proposed model is reached with the general algebraic modeling system optimization package. The numerical results indicate the positive effect of the dynamic reactive power injections in the power systems on annual operating cost reduction. A Pareto front was built to present the multi-objective behavior of the studied problem when compared to investment and operative costs. The complete numerical validations are made in the IEEE 24-, IEEE 33-, and IEEE 69-bus systems, respectively.

Design and Feasibility Study of Biomass-Driven Combined Heat and Power Systems for Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Philippe Schicker ◽  
Dustin Spayde ◽  
Heejin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Fuel Source

Abstract Meeting energy demands at crucial times can often be jeopardized by an unreliable power supply from the grid. Local, on-site power generation, such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems, may safeguard against grid fluctuations and outages. CHP systems can provide a more reliable and resilient energy supply to buildings and communities while it can also provide energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solutions compared to centralized power systems. With a recent increased focus on biomass as an alternative fuel source, biomass-driven CHP systems have been recognized as a potential technology to bring increased efficiency of fuel utilization and environmentally sustainable solutions. Biomass as an energy source is already created through agricultural and forestry by-products and may thus be efficient and convenient to be transported to remote rural communities. This paper presents a design and feasibility analysis of biomass-driven CHP systems for rural communities. The viability of wood pellets as a suitable fuel source is explored by comparing it to a conventional grid-connected system. To measure viability, three performance parameters – operational cost (OC), primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emission (CDE) – are considered in the analysis. The results demonstrate that under the right conditions wood pellet-fueled CHP systems create economic and environmental advantages over traditional systems. The main factors in increasing the viability of bCHP systems are the appropriate sizing and operational strategies of the system and the purchase price of biomass with respect to the price of traditional fuels.

scholarly journals A cost-effective decision-making algorithm for an RFID-enabled HMSC network design

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1782-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Li
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic feasibility of a three-echelon Halal Meat Supply Chain (HMSC) network that is monitored by a proposed radio frequency identification (RFID)-based management system for enhancing the integrity traceability of Halal meat products and to maximize the average integrity number of Halal meat products, maximize the return of investment (ROI), maximize the capacity utilization of facilities and minimize the total investment cost of the proposed RFID-monitoring system. The location-allocation problem of facilities needs also to be resolved in conjunction with the quantity flow of Halal meat products from farms to abattoirs and from abattoirs to retailers. Design/methodology/approach First, a deterministic multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model was developed and used for optimizing the proposed RFID-based HMSC network toward a comprised solution based on four conflicting objectives as described above. Second, a stochastic programming model was developed and used for examining the impact on the number of Halal meat products by altering the value of integrity percentage. The ε-constraint approach and the modified weighted sum approach were proposed for acquisition of non-inferior solutions obtained from the developed models. Furthermore, the Max-Min approach was used for selecting the best solution among them. Findings The research outcome shows the applicability of the developed models using a real case study. Based on the computational results, a reasonable ROI can be achievable by implementing RFID into the HMSC network. Research limitations/implications This work addresses interesting avenues for further research on exploring the HMSC network design under different types of uncertainties and transportation means. Also, environmentalism has been becoming increasingly a significant global problem in the present century. Thus, the presented model could be extended to include the environmental aspects as an objective function. Practical implications The model can be utilized for food supply chain designers. Also, it could be applied to realistic problems in the field of supply chain management. Originality/value Although there were a few studies focusing on the configuration of a number of HMSC networks, this area is overlooked by researchers. The study shows the developed methodology can be a useful tool for designers to determine a cost-effective design of food supply chain networks.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Micro-Grid Based Photovoltaic/Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System for Rural Electrification in Kerkennah, Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Dardour ◽  
Olfa Chouaieb ◽  
Habib Sammouda
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper scrutinizes the techno-economic feasibility of a solar hybrid off-grid power system, in a rural area in Tunisia. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (homer) is used for the design and the optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/diesel power system consisting of photovoltaic panels, a diesel generator, a converter, and a battery bank. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of the key system parameters such as the average load, the diesel fuel price, and the reliability constraints on the system outputs and performance. Sensitivity analysis is also used to compare different system configurations and to identify thresholds and situations in which one configuration is more cost-effective than another. Three system types are considered: PV/battery, PV/diesel/battery, and diesel/battery. The results showed that beyond a certain load threshold, the hybrid system is the most cost-effective and that micro-grid projects based on hybrid PV/Diesel power systems can be a solution for rural electrification in Tunisia where there is no possibilities for the national electric grid extension.

scholarly journals Multi-depot Electric Bus Scheduling Considering Operational Constraint and Partial Charging: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Mengyan Jiang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bus Scheduling ◽  
Battery Capacity

Electric buses (e-buses) demonstrate great potential in improving urban air quality thanks to zero tailpipe emissions and thus being increasingly introduced to the public transportation systems. In the transit operation planning, a common requirement is that long-distance non-service travel of the buses among bus terminals should be avoided in the schedule as it is not cost-effective. In addition, e-buses should begin and end a day of operation at their base depots. Based on the unique route configurations in Shenzhen, the above two requirements add further constraint to the form of feasible schedules and make the e-bus scheduling problem more difficult. We call these two requirements the vehicle relocation constraint. This paper addresses a multi-depot e-bus scheduling problem considering the vehicle relocation constraint and partial charging. A mixed integer programming model is formulated with the aim to minimize the operational cost. A Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) heuristic is devised with novel destroy-and-repair operators to tackle the vehicle relocation constraint. Numerical experiments are conducted based on multi-route operation cases in Shenzhen to verify the model and effectiveness of the LNS heuristic. A few insights are derived on the decision of battery capacity, charging rate and deployment of the charging infrastructure.

A Micro-Combined Heat and Power Laboratory for Experiments in Applied Thermodynamics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Flotterud ◽  
Christopher J. Damm ◽  
Benjamin J. Steffes ◽  
Jennifer J. Pfaff ◽  
Matthew J. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Potential Methods

The purpose of this paper is to describe a micro-combined heat and power system, sized for residential distributed power generation, which was designed, constructed, and installed in the Advanced Energy Technologies Laboratory at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. The installation began as a Mechanical Engineering senior design project, in which students evaluated potential methods for distributed residential combined heat and power systems. Potential systems were evaluated based on cost-effectiveness in supplying the energy requirements of a typical residence in Milwaukee, WI, and they were also judged on their environmental impacts. Initial feasibility studies, undertaken with consideration of Milwaukee’s climatic conditions, found that a natural gas-fired, reciprocating engine-generator set with heat recovery exchangers could best meet the energy needs of a typical residence in a cost-effective manner. Following the design, fabrication, and installation of the system in the laboratory, the team designed and performed experiments to quantify the system performance. The system is currently configured to deliver 2 kW of electric power and 6 kW of thermal power, achieving an overall efficiency of 72%. The system is now used in two courses: Applied Thermodynamics, and Advanced Energy Technologies. During the cogeneration laboratories performed in these courses, students decide which measurements are needed and use the collected data to compute performance parameters, to complete an energy balance, and to perform a second-law analysis of the system.

scholarly journals Dynamic Reactive Power Compensation in Power Systems through the Optimal Siting and Sizing of Photovoltaic Sources

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Andrés Felipe Buitrago-Velandia ◽  
Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽  
Walter Gil-González
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Reactive Power Compensation ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Photovoltaic Generators

The problem of the optimal placement and sizing of photovoltaic power plants in electrical power systems from high- to medium-voltage levels is addressed in this research from the point of view of the exact mathematical optimization. To represent this problem, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model considering the daily demand and solar radiation curves was developed. The main advantage of the proposed optimization model corresponds to the usage of the reactive power capabilities of the power electronic converter that interfaces the photovoltaic sources with the power systems, which can work with lagging or leading power factors. To model the dynamic reactive power compensation, the η-coefficient was used as a function of the nominal apparent power converter transference rate. The General Algebraic Modeling System software with the BONMIN optimization package was used as a computational tool to solve the proposed optimization model. Two simulation cases composed of 14 and 27 nodes in transmission and distribution levels were considered to validate the proposed optimization model, taking into account the possibility of installing from one to four photovoltaic sources in each system. The results show that energy losses are reduced between 13% and 56% as photovoltaic generators are added with direct effects on the voltage profile improvement.

Integrated Multimodal Transportation Model for a Switchgrass-Based Bioethanol Supply Chain: Case Study in North Dakota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2628 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shin Park ◽  
Joseph Szmerekovsky ◽  
Atif Osmani ◽  
N. Muhammad Aslaam
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a mixed integer linear programming model that integrates multimodal transport—truck and rail—into the switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain was formulated. The objective of this study was to minimize the total cost for cultivation and harvesting, infrastructure, the storage process, bioethanol production, and transportation. Strategic decisions, including the number and location of intermodal facilities and biorefineries, and tactical decisions, such as the amount of biomass shipped, processed, and converted into bioethanol, were validated by using North Dakota as a case study. It was found that the multimodal transport scenario was more cost effective than a single mode of transport (truck) and resulted in a lower cost for bioethanol. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the impact of key factors in the decision to use multimodal transport in a switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain and on the cost of bioethanol.

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