scholarly journals Developments of red steppe breed heifers and its hybrids with Holstein in the period of pregnancy and after calving

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Patimat Aligazieva ◽  
Gyulkhanum Dabuzova ◽  
Habib Kebedov ◽  
Abdula Aligaziev ◽  
Ibragim Abdulaev
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
High Level ◽  
Russian Research

Holstein stud-bulls, selected as improvers, directly have a significant impact on the growth rate of live weight of the resulting offspring. The live weight of crossbred heifers at 18 months of age was 377–388 kg, which is 8–10% higher than that of pure-bred red-steppe peers. At the same time, animals with a blood share of 50 %, bred “in themselves” are characterized by the best indicators of absolute and relative increase in live weight and have a more pronounced milky type of physique on the exterior. Currently, the main place in the structure of the herd of cattle is occupied by the breeding stock, the number of which is increasing every year. The proportion of cows in the herd is increasing over the years is 46.5%, and the rest of the livestock is also increasing accordingly. When growing heifers of cattle, 55-60% of all costs in the structure of their cost are feed stuff. Consequently, the efficiency of rearing is mainly caused by feed conversion ratio increase in muscle, fat and bone tissue, which provides a high level of efficiency of young animals. In our experience, when growing heifers of different genotypes, feeding was carried out according to the norms of the All-Russian research Institute of animal husbandry. The diet structure contained the required amount of concentrates, hay, silage and green fodder.

Effect of flaked maize in diets for early-weaned pigs on performance to 6 weeks of age

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. McCracken ◽  
S. M. Eddie ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Consistent Trend ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTFour experiments were conducted to study the performance of pigs weaned at 10 days on to diets containing different amounts of flaked maize.Digestibilities of dry matter and energy of flaked maize were found to be 0·87 for pigs between 11 and 16 days of age.Starter diets containing 0, 250 or 375 g flaked maize/kg, given from 10 to 35 days, resulted in growth rates of 254, 254 and 213 g/day respectively and the reduction with the high level of maize was significant (P< 0·001). Feed conversion ratio was unaffected by treatment and averaged 1·08.When the starter diets were replaced at about 24 or 27 days by a cereal-based diet containing 200 g dried skim milk/kg there were no significant differences in performance between 10 days and 10 kg live weight due to starter diet, and growth rates were similar t o those obtained when the starter diets were given to 35 days. However, there was a consistent trend of lower food intakes, poorer feed conversion ratio and, consequently, poorer growth during the immediate post-weaning period on the starter diet containing 375 g flaked maize/kg.

Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Sennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
Russian Research

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

scholarly journals Live performance, carcass quality, and economic assessment of over 100kg slaughtered pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Oliveira ◽  
T.M. Bertol ◽  
A. Coldebela ◽  
J.I. Santos Filho ◽  
A.J. Scandolera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Protein Deposit ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Recent genetic improvement has developed pigs with maximum potential for protein deposit at higher weights; however, their optimal slaughter weight still needs to be determined. The objective of the study was to evaluate live performance, carcass traits, and economic viability of 417 Agroceres PIC pigs slaughtered with 100, 115, 130, and 145kg live weight. Pigs were reared in pens with 10-11 barrows and gilts each, offered a feed allowance of 2.8kg/pig/day until the following slaughter weights (SW): 99.65±0.82kg, 118.53±0.98kg, 133.97±1.17kg, and 143.90±1.24. There was no interaction between sex and SW (P>0.05). Backfat thickness, fat area, and loin eye area linearly increased with SW (P<0.001; R2: 70.12-77.44%), and carcass yield increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.001; R²=24.66%). Lean yield was not affected (P>0.05), and feed conversion ratio (R²=43.29%) linearly worsened with SW (P<0.001), but the effect of SW on live production cost (R$/kg) was quadratic, with the minimum point at 134.8kg. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing SW results in larger amount of lean tissue with no change in its yield and little effect on growth performance.

scholarly journals Effect of age on feed efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of indigenous bull

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
NG Das
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study was conducted with the objectives to understand the effect of age of native Pabna bulls on feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility and carcass yield characteristics. Fifteen Pabna bulls having five  in each age groups of 6 to12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 36 months  were fed   ad libitum mix silages of Splendida (Setaria splendida) and Andrpogan (Andropogon gyunus) grasses (1:1 fresh) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 1% of live weight (LW) for a period of 72 days. With the increase of age, and subsequently LW (initial LW: 98.2, 182.6 and 288 kg, respectively), there was significant decrease in dry matter (DM) intake as % LW (<0.05; 2.94, 2.61 and 2.36, respectively) and increased daily gain (<0.01; 294, 519 and 597 g/d, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (>0.05; 10.88, 10.10 and 12.24, respectively) and DM digestibility (>0.05; 51.0, 48.1 and 49.1 %, respectively) of bulls were remained unchanged. In case of carcass yield characteristics, significantly lower yield grade (<0.01; 1.79, 1.27 and 0.20, respectively) of bulls of 25 to 36 years produced higher closely trimmed boneless retail cuts (CTBRC) (<0.01; 50.47, 51.64 and 54.14 %, respectively), retail cut (<0.01; 76.14, 78.55 and 83.48 %, respectively) and meat quality index (MQI) (<0.01; 67.28, 67.89 and 69.07, respectively) compared to younger bulls. It may, therefore, be recommended that beef cattle farming with native Pabna bulls of 24 to 36 months will give more daily LW gain and produce more CTBRC at a similar FCR compared to younger ones.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 17-23

scholarly journals Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Palova ◽  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.

Moist barley for growing pigs: some effects of storage method and processing

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
H. Denerley ◽  
C. S. Stewart ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bacterial Development ◽  
Feeding Value

SUMMARYForty-eight pigs were used to compare the feeding value of barley which had been stored dry, and then hammer-milled, with that of barley stored moist, either anaerobically or treated with 1·3% propionic acid, and then rolled. The pigs were fed from 30 kg live weight for a period of 11 weeks and during this period all consumed the same allowance of dry matter. The growth rate and feed conversion ratio of the pigs given the rolled moist barley were significantly poorer than those of others given dry milled or acid treated rolled barley. There were no treatment differences in carcass attributes.Microbiological counts made throughout the experiment showed that there was no significant fungal or bacterial development on the acid treated barley. Similar numbers of bacteria were present on the dry barley as on the moist, but the fungal count for the moist grain was always at least 500 times higher than that of the corresponding dry sample. The dominant organisms were identified.In a further experiment the apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of diets containing dry, moist or propionic acid treated barley, processed either by milling or rolling, were determined. The highest values were obtained for dry barley. Acid treated moist barley had lower values than moist barley. The method of processing did not affect the apparent digestibility of the dry matter, but that of the N was significantly lower for the rolled barleys.

Level of feeding during early life and the subsequent reproductive performance of sows

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
R. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Plane Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Size At Birth

1. Nine groups of 4 litter-mate Wessex Saddleback gilts were divided on a within-litter basis between 4 treatments so that they were reared from 8 weeks of age to 200 1b. live-weight according to different levels of total feed intake; (a) a high level rising to 8·0 1b. meal per day at 200 1b. live-weight, (b) a medium level approximately 80% of the high, (c) a low level approximately 60% of the high and (d) changing from the low to the medium level between 14 and 16 weeks of age. From 200 1b. live-weight to mating at first heat after reaching 300 1b. all were fed to the medium scale (6·5 1b. meal per day), and all were treated alike during each of 3 pregnancies and lactations.2. Mean rate of growth from weaning to 100 1b. and from 100 to 200 1b. differed significantly between treatments (P<0·001), and mean efficiency of feed conversion of the low-plane group was significantly poorer than that of the high-plane group (P<0·05) from weaning to 100 1b. live-weight.3. All gilts, regardless of treatment, reached puberty at approximately the same age (25 weeks), with the result that mean weight at puberty differed markedly between treatments (P<0·001); 116, 154, 189 and 147 1b. for treatments (a) to (d) respectively.4. Gilts reared on medium and high planes of feeding exhibited oestrus less strongly than those reared on the low-plane, with the result that mean weight at successful mating was significantly greater in these two groups (P<0·05).5. Four gilts in the low-plane group and one in the high-plane group failed to conceive after repeated matings, but numbers were insufficient to indicate the significance of this.6. From the original 36 gilts, 27 first litters, 26 second litters and 25 third litters were produced and reared to 8 weeks of age. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in litter size at birth, mean weight of piglets at 3 or 8 weeks of age or total litter weight at weaning.7. Trouble from temporary collapse of the legs was experienced in all but one gilt of the high-plane group between 6½ and 7½ months of age.

scholarly journals Economic Use of Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG) in the Diet of Swine

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Rijal ◽  
D. B. Nepali ◽  
R. A. Sah ◽  
M. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Feed Conversion

An experiment was conducted from 18th October, 2006 to 18th January, 2007 at IAAS Livestock Farm, Rampur, Chitwan to determine the substitution effects of soybean meal with brewer's dried grain (BDG) on the performance, economics and meat traits of swine production. Starter, grower and finisher diets were formulated containing 18, 16, and 14% CP respectively with 3000 Kcal/kg ME and adequately supplemented with required vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The treatments were: diet without brewer's dried grain -T1 (control diet), diet substituted with 10% brewer's dried grain-T2, diet substituted with 20% brewer's dried grain-T3, diet substituted with 30% brewer's dried grain-T4 and diet substituted with 35% brewer's dried grain-T5. Twenty weaned piglets having 7.37 to 7.94 kg live weight were housed in individual pens. Five piglets were randomly assigned to the five treatments following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) considering each individual as a replication. Fortnightly live weight, daily feed consumption, income over feed and pig cost, and different meat traits of pigs were recorded. The effect of replacing formulated diets with various level of brewer's dried grains on body weight gain was significant (p<0.01) with higher level of substitution resulting lower live-weight at the end of each of starter, grower and finisher diet period. The average body weight of piglets substituted with 35%BDG (27.00kg) and 30%BDG (39.75kg) were significantly lower (p<0.01) compared to the weight of piglets receiving 0% (65.75kg), 10% (64.25kg) and 20% (60.25kg) BDG replaced diets at the end of 3 months experimental period. A significant reduction (P<0.01) in average daily feed consumption were also recorded with increasing level of BDG in the diet. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in T2 at early period which at finisher stage T3 diet resulted significantly better FCR which was at par with T1 and T2 diet fed group. However, T5 diet resulted the poorest feed conversion ratio of 5.26, 4.92 and 5.87 for starter, grower and finisher respectively. There was reduction in feed cost with different levels of BDG substitution in diet of pig. Highest income (in per cent) over expenditure (109.01%) was found in T2 followed by T1, T3, and T4. Lowest income over expenditure (-8.2%) was found in T5. Highest dressing percent (71.87%) was recorded in T1 and lowest (70%) in T5 diet fed group. Inclusion of 10-20% BDG seems most acceptable level of substitution of SBM. However, this result needs to be verified under farmer's management condition before recommendation.Key words: Brewer's dried grains; Swine performanceDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2820 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 29-35  

scholarly journals Effect of including canola meal in diets of slaughter ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-551
Author(s):  
T.S. Brand ◽  
J. Van der Merwe ◽  
L.C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Gain

Canola meal (CM) is a locally produced protein source that may be less expensive than soybean meal (SBM). This study evaluated the effects of replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% SBM with CM in diets for slaughter ostriches. The CM was added at the expense of SBM and other concentrates, with minor changes in other ingredients. Birds (n = 15 per treatment) were reared from 77 to 337 days old on the trial diets, which were supplied ad libitum for starter, grower, and finisher phases. Bodyweights and feed intake were measured during these phases. No differences (P >0.05) were found between treatments for live weight at the end of each phase, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) over all the growth phases. Although no differences were observed in live weight at the end of each phase, the birds reared on the diet with 50% CM were heaviest at slaughter, and birds reared with 100% CM were lightest (P <0.05). Differences (P <0.05) between diets were observed for the weight at slaughter, weights of the liver and thyroid glands and the pH of the cold carcass. However, no differences (P >0.05) were observed between diets for fat pad weight, dressing percentage, and weights of thighs and Muscularis gastrocnemius. The results indicate that CM could replace SBM in the diets of slaughter ostriches without affecting production traits and slaughter yields.Keywords: alternative protein, average daily gain, canola, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, growth, ostrich nutrition, production

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document