Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain

Abstract(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.

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Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022091 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henning E. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Group 4 ◽

Second Period ◽

Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

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Effect of including canola meal in diets of slaughter ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i4.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 537-551

Author(s):

T.S. Brand ◽

J. Van der Merwe ◽

L.C. Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Production Traits ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

Canola meal (CM) is a locally produced protein source that may be less expensive than soybean meal (SBM). This study evaluated the effects of replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% SBM with CM in diets for slaughter ostriches. The CM was added at the expense of SBM and other concentrates, with minor changes in other ingredients. Birds (n = 15 per treatment) were reared from 77 to 337 days old on the trial diets, which were supplied ad libitum for starter, grower, and finisher phases. Bodyweights and feed intake were measured during these phases. No differences (P >0.05) were found between treatments for live weight at the end of each phase, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) over all the growth phases. Although no differences were observed in live weight at the end of each phase, the birds reared on the diet with 50% CM were heaviest at slaughter, and birds reared with 100% CM were lightest (P <0.05). Differences (P <0.05) between diets were observed for the weight at slaughter, weights of the liver and thyroid glands and the pH of the cold carcass. However, no differences (P >0.05) were observed between diets for fat pad weight, dressing percentage, and weights of thighs and Muscularis gastrocnemius. The results indicate that CM could replace SBM in the diets of slaughter ostriches without affecting production traits and slaughter yields.Keywords: alternative protein, average daily gain, canola, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, growth, ostrich nutrition, production

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Growth performances of broilers hybro G+ provenience

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1104643l ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1643-1648

Author(s):

S. Lilic ◽

D. Sefer ◽

S. Dimitrijevic ◽

T. Ilic ◽

S. Ivanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Fattening Period

In this paper are presented the growth performances (live weight, average daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio) of broilers Hybro G+ provenience. Feeding, zoohygienic and zootechnical measures met technological normative for this provenience. Broilers were fed with the complete feed mixtures (producer ?Dren?, Novi Sad) with added anticoccidial salinomycine in the amount of 66 mg/kg up to 35. day of fattening. In last week of the fattening period, salinomycine was not added (drug waiting period is 5 days). Live weight of broilers at the end of trial was 1959.74 g to 2750.48 g (average 2340.62 g). During the fattening period, average daily weight gain was 54.70 ? 5.03 g; it was in the range 45.71-64.39 g. Average daily feed consumption was 87.97 g for all fattening period and feed conversion ratio was 87.97 g.

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Influence of Isoamylase Supplementation on Performance and α-Amylase Activities of Broilers Fed Maize-Soybean Meal Diets

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.104 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 104-108

Author(s):

Ling Yun Liu ◽

De Fa Sun ◽

Jun Jun Li ◽

Xiang Hua Tang ◽

Yue Lin Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

The Difference ◽

Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted to study the inﬂuence of isoamylase supplementation to maize-soybean diets on productive performance and amylase activities of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.The results showed that different dose of isoamylase（300g/T,600 g/T,900 g/T, containing 3000IU of isoamylase/g）in the maize - soybean meal diet significantly affected the performance of broilers within 1-42 days. Within 1-21 days , the average daily gain(ADG) of experimental groups( experiment I (E I) experiment II (E II) experiment III (E III) ) improved by 3.2% -10.32%(P>0.05) compared with the control groups(negative control(NC) and positive control(PC)), average daily feed intake(ADFI) improved by 0.63%-7.43%(P>0.05), while feed conversion ratio decreased by 0.55%-4.43%(P>0.05); Within 21-42 days , the ADG of experimental groups decreased by 1.38%-4.84% and ADFI by 11.89%-15.58% (P<0.05), feed conversion ratio by 5.41%-7.54% compared with that in the NC group; Within 1-42 days , the ADG of experimental groups improved by 0.54%-4.06%(P>0.05), while ADFI decreased by 0.75%-11.83% (P<0.05), and feed conversion ratio by 3.97%-7.52% (P>0.05) compared with those in the negative control. Isoamylase supplementation influenced amylase activity of various parts of the chyme in digestive tract and the tissues of small intestine and pancreas. 21 d, the amylase activity in experimental groups improved by 4.67%-79.29%(P<0.05) compared with PC, α-amylase activity in the majority experimental groups were lower than PC group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).

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ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ МИНЕРАЛЬНО-ВИТАМИННОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ «НАДЕЖДА» НА ПРИРОСТ ТЕЛЯТ

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.4.37464 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

M.T. SABITOV ◽

M.G. MALIKOVA ◽

A.R. FARKHUTDINOVA ◽

N.G. FENCHENKO ◽

N.I. KHAIRULLINA

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight Gain

Изучена и научно обоснована целесообразность использования в рационах телят чернопестрой породы комплексной минеральновитаминной кормовой добавки (КМВКД), в состав которой были введеныингредиенты: обесфторенный фосфат, мел кормовой, цеолит природный, сапропель, сера кормовая, магнезит, соль поваренная, соли микроэлементов и витамины А, D, Е. В экспериментальных исследованиях, проведенных на 4 группах телят, изучили влияние скармливания КМВКД на поедаемость кормов, прирост живой массы, расход корма на получение 1 кг прироста живой массы и рассчитали экономическую эффективность ее применения. При анализе рационов телят установлено, что содержание в кормах кальция, фосфора, магния, серы и микроэлементов (марганца, меди, цинка и кобальта) пониженное. Соотношение питательных и минеральных веществ, степень их доступности для усвоения организмом животных не обеспечивает потребность в них. В исследованиях установлено, что использование КМВКД положительно отразилось на поедаемости, переваримости и усвояемости питательных веществ корма и способствовало увеличению прироста живой массы телят. У молодняка контрольной группы, потреблявшего с основным рационом минеральные подкормки по нормам, среднесуточный прирост составил 750 г, а вIопытной группе, получавшей подкормку по рецепту 1 822,2 г, воII(рецепт 2)850 г иIIIгруппе (рецепт 3)934,4 г, или на 9,63, 13,3 и 24,6 больше, чем в контроле. В опытных группах на получение 1 кг прироста живой массы израсходовано меньше кормовых единиц на 9,74, 12,14 и 19,80 сырого протеина на 11,21, 10,94 и 18,52 и переваримого на 7,65 10,95 и 18,84. Себестоимость 1 ц прироста живой массы у животных опытных групп была ниже на 4,18, 8,93 и 17,13, а рентабельность выше на 4,4, 6,2 и 10,24.The goal of the study consisted in providing scientific evidence of the expediency of using a complex mineral and vitamin feed supplement (CMVFS) comprising defluorinated phosphate, feed chalk, natural zeolite, sapropel, feed sulfur, magnesite, fine salt, salts of trace elements and vitamins A, D and E in rations for BlackandWhite calves. The experiments carried out with four calf groups investigated the effect of the CMVFS on feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg of weight gain) and involved the calculation of an economic benefit of using the supplement. The analysis of calf rations has shown that the feeds have low contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements (manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt). The ratio of nutrients to minerals and their bioavailability do not cover the need of the animals in the elements. The study demonstrated a positive effect of the CMVFS on feed intake, the digestibility and the availability of feed nutrients and the increase of a calf live weight gain. Calves from the control group receiving standard mineral supplements in addition to a base ration had an average daily weight gain of 750 g, an average daily weight gain of calves from the experimental group I receiving the supplement according to the recipe n 1 was 822.2 g, that of calves from group II (recipe n 2)was 850 g and that of calves from group III (recipe n 3) was 934.4 g, or exceeded the control by 9.63, 13.3 and 24.6. In the experimental groups the feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg of weight gain) was less in terms of feed units by 9.74, 12.14 and 19.80 in terms of crude protein by 11.21, 10.94 and 18.52 and in terms of digestible crude protein by 7.65 10.95 and 18.84. The cost value of 1 centner of live weight gain in animals from the experimental groups was lower by 4.18, 8.93 and 17.13 and the profit was higher by 4.4, 6.2 and 10.24.

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Growth rate, feed conversion ratio and carcass traits of Charolais × Holstein-Friesian and Hereford × Holstein-Friesian steers slaughtered at three different weights

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100034966 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. H. Fahmy ◽

Gaspard Lalande

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Slaughter Weight ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

One Year ◽

Daily Gain

SUMMARYThirty one-year-old Charolais × Holstein-Friesian (CH) and Hereford × Holstein-Friesian (HH) steers averaging about 268 kg live weight were used to study the effect of increasing slaughterweight from the traditional 454 kg (1000 lb) to 544 and 635 kg (1200 and 1400 lb) live weight. The steers were fed a growing ration of grain, silage and hay until they weighed 68 kg (150 lb) below the assigned slaughter weight, followed by a finishing ration of grain mixture and maize silage given ad libitum. Average daily gain on the growing ration was 0·91 kg in CH, 14% higher than that in HH steers, while on the finishing ration HH steers, finished at 544 and 635 kg, made higher gains. CH steers were 7·9% more efficient than HH steers in feed conversion. Feed conversion efficiency (total dig. nutrients (kg) per kg live-weight gain) decreased by 10% and 19% respectively as slaughter weight increased to 544 and 635 kg. Live measurements showed that CH steers were generally longer, taller and wider at the hip, whereas HH steers had a greater depth of chest and width of shoulder. CH steers, slaughtered at different weights, had a higher percentage of round and shank, while HH steers had a higher percentage of all other wholesale cuts. Carcass measurements were generally higher in CH than in HH steers. CH steers had a higher percentage of muscle and bone, and lower fat, in the 12th rib. They also had larger areas of m. longissimus thoracis. Fat deposition over and in that muscle was much higher in HH than in CH steers. Under the conditions of this study, 544 kg was found to be the optimum slaughter weight for both groups. Slaughtering steers at 635 kg was found to be economically disadvantageous.

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Effect of age on feed efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of indigenous bull

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v46i1.32171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N Sultana ◽

KS Huque ◽

MZ Rahman ◽

NG Das

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Concentrate Mixture ◽

Retail Cuts ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Effect Of Age

The study was conducted with the objectives to understand the effect of age of native Pabna bulls on feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility and carcass yield characteristics. Fifteen Pabna bulls having five in each age groups of 6 to12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 36 months were fed ad libitum mix silages of Splendida (Setaria splendida) and Andrpogan (Andropogon gyunus) grasses (1:1 fresh) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 1% of live weight (LW) for a period of 72 days. With the increase of age, and subsequently LW (initial LW: 98.2, 182.6 and 288 kg, respectively), there was significant decrease in dry matter (DM) intake as % LW (<0.05; 2.94, 2.61 and 2.36, respectively) and increased daily gain (<0.01; 294, 519 and 597 g/d, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (>0.05; 10.88, 10.10 and 12.24, respectively) and DM digestibility (>0.05; 51.0, 48.1 and 49.1 %, respectively) of bulls were remained unchanged. In case of carcass yield characteristics, significantly lower yield grade (<0.01; 1.79, 1.27 and 0.20, respectively) of bulls of 25 to 36 years produced higher closely trimmed boneless retail cuts (CTBRC) (<0.01; 50.47, 51.64 and 54.14 %, respectively), retail cut (<0.01; 76.14, 78.55 and 83.48 %, respectively) and meat quality index (MQI) (<0.01; 67.28, 67.89 and 69.07, respectively) compared to younger bulls. It may, therefore, be recommended that beef cattle farming with native Pabna bulls of 24 to 36 months will give more daily LW gain and produce more CTBRC at a similar FCR compared to younger ones.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 17-23

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Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

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Effects of dietary selenium-yeast concentrations on growth performance and carcass composition of ducks

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1731 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Milan Ž. Baltić ◽

Marija Dokmanović Starčević ◽

Meho Bašić ◽

Amir Zenunović ◽

Jelena Ivanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dressing Percentage

The aim of the present study was to assess effects of selenium (Se)-yeast diet supplementation on performance and carcass composition in ducks. The study was performed on 240 1-day old ducklings of the same origin (Cherry Valley hybrid), during a 49-day period, which were fed diets supplemented with the following four different levels of Se yeast (ALKOSEL® R397): groups with Se at 0 mg/kg of the diet as-fed, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg. Growth performance (bodyweight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed-conversion ratio) and carcass characteristics (hot and cold carcass weight, chilling losses, dressing percentage, carcass cut yields, and percentage of tissues in breast and thighs with drumsticks) of the ducks were determined. Animals fed high-Se diets (0.4 mg/kg) had higher (P < 0.05) final bodyweight and daily weight gain (from 15 to 49 days) compared with those fed diets with inadequate (0 mg/kg) or with supranutritional (0.6 mg/kg) Se levels. Ducks fed only with basal diet showed a higher (P < 0.05) feed-conversion ratio (from 15 to 49 days) compared with those supplemented with Se at 0.4 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg. Dressing percentage was higher (P < 0.01) in the control group (69.50%) than in the group with Se added at 0.6 mg/kg (66.85%). The weights of basic cuts from the duck carcasses did not significantly differ among compared groups. Moreover, the percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat in breast and thighs with drumsticks increased in Se-supplemented groups compared with the control group, while the opposite was determined with the percentage of muscle. It was concluded that a diet containing 0.4 mg of added Se per kilogram produced the greatest growth-performance results in ducks.

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Impact of sow lactation feed intake on the growth and suckling behavior of low and average birthweight pigs to 10 weeks of age

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 655-665

Author(s):

Samuel J Hawe ◽

Nigel Scollan ◽

Alan Gordon ◽

Elizabeth Magowan

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Foster Mother ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Sow Lactation ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Improved genetics in commercial pig production have resulted in larger litter sizes. However this has increased the prevalence of compromised pigs exhibiting inferior birthweights, weaning weights, and lifetime performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased sow lactation feed intake on growth of low and average birthweight piglets until 10 wk of age. Low (Low BW; <1 kg) and average (Av BW; 1.3–1.7 kg) birthweight animals were reared in uniformly weighted litters comprising 14 piglets on a foster mother offered either a low (Low FA; max 7.5 kg/d) or high (High FA; max 11 kg/d) feed allowance over a 28- ± 1-d lactation. Piglet performance was monitored from birth until 10 wk of age. Sows offered a High FA consumed 42.4 kg more feed on average than those offered Low FA, resulting in a greater derived milk yield (P < 0.05). Animals of Av BW remained heavier than Low BW pigs throughout the trial (P < 0.05). Piglets reared by High FA sows were heavier at weeks 3, 4, 5, and 7 (P < 0.05) but not week 10 (P > 0.05). Growth rate of piglets relative to their birthweight was significantly greater for Low BW piglets than those of Av BW during lactation (P < 0.001). Piglets reared by sows offered a High FA expressed greater relative growth preweaning (P < 0.05); however, postweaning relative growth for piglets reared on sows offered a Low FA was greater (P < 0.05) suggesting compensatory growth. Neither birthweight nor sow feed allowance significantly affected preweaning mortality (P > 0.05). However, Low BW animals on sows with a High FA recorded half the preweaning mortality of Low BW pigs on sows with a Low FA. During week 1 of lactation, Av BW litters recorded a greater total suckling duration compared to Low BW litters (P < 0.05) but there was no difference in suckling frequency (P > 0.05). During week 3 of lactation, High FA litters displayed a significantly lower suckling frequency (P < 0.05) yet a greater total suckling duration (P < 0.001). Average daily gain was greater for Av BW pigs during weeks 4–7 (P < 0.001) but no difference was recorded between weeks 7 and 10 (P > 0.05). Average daily feed intake was greater for Av BW pigs throughout the nursery period (P < 0.05) but feed–conversion ratio did not differ compared to Low BW pens (P>0.05). In conclusion, offering sows a High FA increased weaning weight of all animals; however, birthweight was the major determinant of postweaning performance.

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