scholarly journals Demographic determinant of primary school repeater in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 11023
Author(s):  
Omas Bulan Samosir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
General Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The development of a country is supported by its education development. In general, education is financed by the government. It is expected that all school-age population can participate in education. Indonesia has implemented the nine-year compulsory basic education program. The aim of this study is to examine the demographic factors that affect the primary school repeater in Indonesia. The data source was from the World Bank Development Indicator of the World Bank. The data coverage was from 1971 to 2018. The dependent variable was the primary school repeater rate. The independent variables were the population growth rate and fixed telephone subscription. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that higher primary school repeater was associated with higher population growth rate and lower fixed telephone subscription. Therefore, Indonesia needs to manage its population growth rate and improve infrastructure development, in particular information technology infrastructure.

scholarly journals Demographic Change and Governance Issues

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nizam-Ud-Din
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Populous Country

Pakistan is the 6th most populous country in the world while it ranks 4th in Asia. Its population has increased from 34 million in 1951 to an estimated 160 million in the year 2006, growing at the rate of three million persons per year. At this speed of growth, Pakistan’s population is projected to reach the 220 million mark by the year 2020; as we arrive at the Population Replacement Level. While Population Growth Rate (PGR) has declined from over 3 percent in previous decades to its current level of 2.1 percent per annum, which is, nevertheless, the highest population growth rate in South Asia, a dubious achievement when compared to the situation in the neighbouring countries. Therefore, the government policy remains intact, which is to lower population growth rate from its current level to 1.3 percent per annum by the year 2020, to reduce the total fertility rate to 2.1 percent and to reach replacement level of fertility by the year 2020. Unless its growth rate swiftly, by the year 2060, Pakistan is destined to become the 4th most populated country in the world, its population reaching over 305 million mark. In 1950s it was ranked 14.

scholarly journals Incorporating Blue Bonds as a funding alternative for a sustainable development project

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Fareis Althalet ◽  
Tira Siya Fajar Rahayu ◽  
Hera Hera ◽  
Ayu Fil Akhirati ◽  
Pingki Pingki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Development Project ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
International Media ◽  
Fisheries Governance ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Water Pollution Management ◽  
The Government

This study aims to examine Blue Bonds as a guarantee issued by the issuer (government and companies) as alternative financing. Compared to ordinary bonds that are issued only to meet the issuer's funding needs, the transaction results in Blue Bonds will be used to support marine protection, fisheries governance, waste and water pollution management, and the restoration of marine ecosystems. In this study, the author uses the method literature review sourced from journals, books, reports from related ministries, international financial institutions such as the World Bank, and news from national and international media. The results of this study indicate that by issuing Blue Bonds, the government and companies will get more funds from bond investors. Investors will receive a return in the form of a coupon (fixed interest rate) from the issuer and pay according to schedule and the initial principal investment. Not only that, the government and companies will get a good reputation among investors and actively contribute to Indonesia's maritime development.

Economic gloom portends instability in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
South African Rand

Significance Mawarire is the founder of the 'This Flag' movement, which has been a driving force behind a wave of demonstrations and strikes earlier this month against graft, unemployment and economic mismanagement by President Robert Mugabe's government. Impacts Import bans will adversely affect South African exporters, for whom Zimbabwe is a key regional market. Use of the South African rand in Zimbabwe will remain unpopular, due to concerns about its weakness against the dollar. The government will prioritise cash for paying the salaries of the security forces, since these underpin the regime's survival. Loans from the African Export-Import Bank will help Harare to begin paying the World Bank some of its arrears.

Pandemic may undo Egypt poverty gains

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Safety Nets ◽  
The Government

Significance The figure has been presented by the government as a vindication of its efforts to achieve fiscal sustainability while providing financial safety nets for the most vulnerable groups in society. However, the poverty rate is still higher than in 2015, and the new index was compiled before the full impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the economy had become clear. Impacts The economic impact of the pandemic appears to have been relatively light, but this can be attributed partly to statistical anomalies. The poverty rate fall indicates to the IMF and the World Bank that their programmes will eventually pay off for most Egyptians. There is uncertainty about the extent of the return of Egyptians from the Gulf and the effect of this on poverty and unemployment.

MSMEs Productivity in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Oluseye Samuel Ajuwon ◽  
Sylvanus Ikhide ◽  
Joseph Oscar Akotey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Product Customization ◽  
World Bank Enterprise Survey ◽  
Enterprise Survey

This study uses the World bank enterprise survey data for Nigeria to examines Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) productivity rate in the Nigerian economy. The study explores factors that constrain MSMES output growth in Nigeria. Some of the factors identified include huge infrastructural gap, inadequate institutional support and low access to credit. The resultant effect is a low investment commitment amongst MSMEs thus hampering the productivity of MSMEs in the Nigerian economy. The MSMEs productivity growth rate was measured using annual sales of firms from the World bank enterprise survey data for Nigeria. This research employs the non-parametric variance estimation using the locally-weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) method on three sets of two-points data (2006 and 2003, 2008 and 2002, and finally 2012 and 2009) of annual fiscal sales for each category of firms comprising micro, small, medium and large firms. The result shows that the small businesses have a negative productivity growth rate in Nigeria. This in line with IFC (2013) which found that small businesses have the least productivity growth rate amongst firms of all sizes. However, this study departs from IFC findings which states that small businesses’ low productivity growth rate is tenable across all the sectors of the economy. The study found that small businesses actually recorded high productivity growth rate in some subsectors of the economy that specializes in product customization such as garment and furniture. Therefore, this study validates the flexible specialization theory that emphases the economic importance of MSMEs in the post-industrial era where product customization is the new order of production. The policy implication of this study is that any targeted intervention in the MSMEs sub-sector of the economy designed to increase productivity, should be channeled into the subsector with the most employee specialization as well as product customization.Keyword(s): MSMEs, small business, Output, Productivity, JEL Classifications: P42 M13 O55

On the Global International Comparison of GDP for Reference Year 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Ivanov ◽  
T. A. Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The Body ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Project Coordinator ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Purchasing Power Parities

The article outlines main results of global international comparison of GDP on purchasing power parities (PPPs) for 2017 published by the World Bank in July 2020. This comparison is the project of international statistics, which secures unique data on the world economy, on the place of countries in the world and regional economies, on standards of living in different countries, on differences between purchasing power parities and exchange rates, and so forth. These data are of interest to the government in relation to the development of economic policy. This comparison required collaboration between the World Bank as the overall project coordinator, regional coordinators and statistical offices producing baseline data on GDP in national currency.In the body of the article, the authors consistently consider the following issues: the basic methodology used in the International Comparison Program, main findings, limitations and the degree of reliability of the results of the international global comparisons. In this context issues of methodology of comparison and features of direct binary and multilateral comparisons are considered, in particular the formula for the computation of PPPs, which ensures transitivity (mutual consistency of results).The article concludes by emphasizing the multifaceted tasks of the International Comparison Program based on purchasing power parities, led by the World Bank.

The Concern and Contribution of the World Bank in Population Planning

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-718
Author(s):  
Kandiah Kanagaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Population Planning ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The World ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
High Population Growth

The World Bank shares the widespread conviction that high population growth rates present a long-term threat to world viability and interfere with present efforts to improve standards of living. In trying to do something about the problem the Bank is moving on three fronts: increasing world awareness of the problems created by surging population growth; focusing the attention of national leaders on the demographic situation of their countries; assisting countries which want Bank assistance in building institutions and programs that will enable them to influence the growth of their populations.

scholarly journals Boulevard to broken dreams, Part 1: the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon, and the World Bank's environmental and indigenous peoples' norms

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. WADE
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Before the mid 1980s the World Bank conceived "nature" as something to be "conquered" and "environment" as a source of resources for "development". By the late 1980s the Bank incorporated norms of environmental sustainability and indigenous peoples' protection into its mandate, and other development-oriented IOs followed. This two-part paper describes how a fight over the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon - inside the Bank, between the Bank and NGOs supported by the US Congress, and between the Bank and the government of Brazil -helped to generate the far-reaching change of policy norms. The first part describes how the project was designed as an innovation in sustainable development in rainforests; and how it provoked a firestorm inside the Bank as it moved towards project approval.

scholarly journals Issues related to the assistance provided by the World Bank as a modernization partner of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Victor Juc ◽  
◽  
Iuliana Stratan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modernization Process

This paper addresses the main issues of World Bank fifi nancing and development assistance in the modernization process of the Republic of Moldova. Investigations show that the country’s political decision-makers are dependent on the World Bank’s advice and sources of technical assistance. At the same time, the allocation of external assistance can work, depending on the country’s policies. This article illustrates how political instability, inconsistency and political support in the implementation of initiated reforms, the interruption of technical assistance from the Government had detrimental consequences on the development objectives proposed by the World Bank during the implementation of the Country Partnership Framework.

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