scholarly journals Econometric modeling for energy losses and GHG emissions scenario: a governance case for toll digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Alexey Mikheev ◽  
Kanwar Muhammad Javed Iqbal ◽  
Irina Kapustina ◽  
Fida Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Econometric Modeling ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Business As Usual

There are growing climatic concerns of global warming due to increase of GHG emissions in the Earth’s atmosphere. There is a dire need of energy conservation and GHG emissions reduction by minimizing energy losses and bringing efficiencies in all processes including the transportation sector which has a major share. The business as usual case of energy losses and emissions from road transport with manual toll system has significant impacts not only on the atmosphere but also on non-renewables’ reserves and balance of payments of a country. It is a major challenge for energy sector governance and climate mitigation strategies worldwide. Thus, this paper aimed at developing econometric modeling for the assessment of various aspects and different scenarios of energy losses, emissions, BOPs and economic growth. The proposed modeling is based on multivariate Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model and can be used for informed decision-making process effectively. It will help in rationalizing the case for toll digitalization in order to accrue multiple benefits in terms of maintaining BOPs and environmental security with reduced emissions and energy losses.

Potential Contribution of Deflection-Induced Fuel Consumption to U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (8) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam AzariJafari ◽  
Jeremy Gregory ◽  
Randolph Kirchain
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Business As Usual

Various methods have been proposed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation. We investigate the potential of increasing the elastic modulus of pavement surface layers across the entire U.S. pavement network as a means of lowering vehicle excess fuel consumption (EFC) resulting from deflection-induced pavement–vehicle interaction. We show that in a business-as-usual case deflection-induced EFC represents up to 2660 million metric tons (Mt) over a 50-year analysis period. Elastic modulus increases can be accomplished using several currently implementable methods. The analysis shows that increasing the modulus of elasticity using 10% resurfacing in the network per year leads to an 18% reduction of GHG emissions from the pavement network, or 440 Mt CO2eq, over a 50-year analysis period. This would potentially offset 0.5% of the future GHG emission of the whole transportation sector.

scholarly journals Projection of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Road Transport Sector Based on Multivariate Regression and the Double Exponential Smoothing Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9152
Author(s):  
Reham Alhindawi ◽  
Yousef Abu Nahleh ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Nirajan Shiwakoti
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Double Exponential

The economic and health impacts resulting from the greenhouse effect is a major concern in many countries. The transportation sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. Almost 15 percent of the global GHG and over 20 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions are produced by the transportation sector. Quantifying GHG emissions from the road transport sector assists in assessing the existing vehicles’ energy consumptions and in proposing technological interventions for enhancing vehicle efficiency and reducing energy-supply greenhouse gas intensity. This paper aims to develop a model for the projection of GHG emissions from the road transport sector. We consider the Vehicle-Kilometre by Mode (VKM) to Number of Transportation Vehicles (NTV) ratio for the six different modes of transportation. These modes include motorcycles, passenger cars, tractors, single-unit trucks, buses and light trucks data from the North American Transportation Statistics (NATS) online database over a period of 22 years. We use multivariate regression and double exponential approaches to model the projection of GHG emissions. The results indicate that the VKM to NTV ratio for the different transportation modes has a significant effect on GHG emissions, with the coefficient of determination adjusted R2 and R2 values of 89.46% and 91.8%, respectively. This shows that VKM and NTV are the main factors influencing GHG emission growth. The developed model is used to examine various scenarios for introducing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles in the future. If there will be a switch to battery electric vehicles, a 62.2 % reduction in CO2 emissions would occur. The results of this paper will be useful in developing appropriate planning, policies, and strategies to reduce GHG emissions from the road transport sector.

scholarly journals Detecting Leaders Country from Road Transport Emission Time-Series

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Luca ◽  
Federica Pizzolante
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Emission Time ◽  
Transport Emission

Nowadays, climate change and global warming have become the main concerns worldwide. One of the main causes are the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by human activities, especially by the transportation sector. The adherence to international agreements and the implementation of climate change policy are necessary conditions for reducing environmental problems. This paper investigates the lead–lag relationship between Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Annex I member countries on road transport emission performance focusing on the statistical analysis of the lead–lag relationships between the road transport emission time-series from 1970–2018 extracted by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) database. The analysis was carried out using the cross-correlation function between each pair of the countries’ time-series considered. Empirical results confirm that some nations have been playing a role as leaders, while others as followers. Sweden can be considered the leader, followed by Germany and France. By analyzing their environmental policy history, we can figure out a common point that explains our results.

scholarly journals Adaptation and mitigation strategies in the transportation sector to reduce the greenhouse gases emission in Batu City

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Juwita Amanda Lestari ◽  
Rachmat Boedisantoso ◽  
Abdu Fadli Assomadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

The increased number of tourists in Batu City has resulted in traffic congestion, which led to the increase of emission contributing to GHGs effect and caused global warming. According to Presidential Regulation Number 71 of 2011, each region is required to conduct a national inventory of GHGs emission, in order to determine the appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies in reducing the GHG emission. This research aimed to reduce the GHGs emission and to determine the appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies in Batu City especially in the transportation sector. IPCC Guidelines 2006 was used as the method to calculate GHGs emissions. Such method allowed the researchers to determine the emission level by using secondary data obtained from the relevant institution. Determination upon adaptation and mitigation strategies was on the basis of several scenarios of emission level reduction while the prioritized strategy selection was based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. This research revealed that the GHGs emission with business as usual scenario in 2030 contributed by transportation reached 2,072.64 Gg of CO2 while the greatest reduction of GHG emissions amounted to -6.13% taken from the scenario of Intelligent Transport System application. More importantly, the researchers figured out that the prioritized adaptation strategies should be the improvement of Urban Open Space and public transportation rejuvenation for the mitigation.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Brazil for land-use change, livestock and agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Clemente Cerri ◽  
Martial Bernoux ◽  
Stoecio Malta Ferreira Maia ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri ◽  
Ciniro Costa Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Option ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Option Values ◽  
Business As Usual

National inventories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (implementation of the National Communications) are organized according to five main sectors, namely: Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) and Waste. The objective of this study was to review and calculate the potential of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in Brazil for the Agricultural and LUCF. The first step consisted in an analysis of Brazilian official and unofficial documents related to climate change and mitigation policies. Secondly, business as usual (BAU) and mitigation scenarios were elaborated for the 2010-2020 timeframe, and calculations of the corresponding associated GHG emissions and removals were performed. Additionally, two complementary approaches were used to point out and quantify the main mitigation options: a) following the IPCC 1996 guidelines and b) based on EX-ACT. Brazilian authorities announced that the country will target a reduction in its GHG between 36.1 and 38.9% from projected 2020 levels. This is a positive stand that should also be adopted by other developing countries. To reach this government goal, agriculture and livestock sectors must contribute with an emission reduction of 133 to 166 Mt CO2-eq. This seems to be reachable when confronted to our mitigation option values, which are in between the range of 178.3 to 445 Mt CO2-eq. Government investments on agriculture are necessary to minimize the efforts from the sectors to reach their targets.

scholarly journals How cost-effective are electric vehicle subsidies in reducing tailpipe-CO2 emissions?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Sheldon ◽  
Rubal Dua
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Global Transport

The transportation sector accounts for 24% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (IEA 2020). Road transport is the most utilized mode because of its convenience (Van Essen 2008). However, it is also the most emissions intensive mode, accounting for 75% of global transport GHG emissions, with roughly 44% coming from road passenger vehicles alone (IEA 2020).

scholarly journals Global Sustainability Crossroads: A Participatory Simulation Game to Educate in the Energy and Sustainability Challenges of the 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Capellán-Pérez ◽  
David Álvarez-Antelo ◽  
Luis J. Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Participatory Simulation ◽  
Simulation Group ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

There is a general need to facilitate citizens’ understanding of the global sustainability problem with the dual purpose of raising their awareness of the seriousness of the problem and helping them get closer to understanding the complexity of the solutions. Here, the design and application of the participatory simulation game Global Sustainability Crossroads is described, based on a global state-of-the-art energy–economy–environment model, which creates a virtual scenario where the participants are confronted with the design of climate mitigation strategies as well as the social, economic, and environmental consequences of decisions. The novelty of the game rests on the global scope and the representation of the drivers of anthropogenic emissions within the MEDEAS-World model, combined with a participatory simulation group dynamic flexible enough to be adapted to a diversity of contexts and participants. The performance of 13 game workshops with ~420 players has shown it has a significant pedagogical potential: the game is able to generate discussions on crucial topics which are usually outside the public realm such as the relationship between economic growth and sustainability, the role of technology, how human desires are limited by biophysical constraints or the possibility of climate tipping points.

scholarly journals Towards Understanding Variability in Droughts in Response to Extreme Climate Conditions over the Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6910
Author(s):  
Adil Dilawar ◽  
Baozhang Chen ◽  
Arfan Arshad ◽  
Lifeng Guo ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Here, we provided a comprehensive analysis of long-term drought and climate extreme patterns in the agro ecological zones (AEZs) of Pakistan during 1980–2019. Drought trends were investigated using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at various timescales (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, and SPEI-12). The results showed that droughts (seasonal and annual) were more persistent and severe in the southern, southwestern, southeastern, and central parts of the region. Drought exacerbated with slopes of −0.02, −0.07, −0.08, −0.01, and −0.02 per year. Drought prevailed in all AEZs in the spring season. The majority of AEZs in Pakistan’s southern, middle, and southwestern regions had experienced substantial warming. The mean annual temperature minimum (Tmin) increased faster than the mean annual temperature maximum (Tmax) in all zones. Precipitation decreased in the southern, northern, central, and southwestern parts of the region. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a robust increase in temperature extremes with a variance of 76% and a decrease in precipitation extremes with a variance of 91% in the region. Temperature and precipitation extremes indices had a strong Pearson correlation with drought events. Higher temperatures resulted in extreme drought (dry conditions), while higher precipitation levels resulted in wetting conditions (no drought) in different AEZs. In most AEZs, drought occurrences were more responsive to precipitation. The current findings are helpful for climate mitigation strategies and specific zonal efforts are needed to alleviate the environmental and societal impacts of drought.

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