The necessity of ascertaining contamination by dust using soil spectral reflectance as its indicator

Pollution of the urban environment by human disturbances and activities is a negative externality of urbanization, therefore becoming a great concern due to the serious problems associated with human health. The mobilization of heavy metals into the biosphere by human activities has become an important process in the geochemical recycling of these metals. Though the risks of exposure to road dust have been reported to be higher for individuals than those in soil, little attention has been paid to the occurrence characteristics of heavy metals in dust and its associated health risks to the population. In the present studies, the physical, chemical and spectral signatures gained from dust and soil constituents would be differentiated based on their reflectance in specific bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is expected that the analysis of road dust and soil samples will indicate spectral signatures exhibiting differences in specific wavelengths of the spectrum, hence, indicating their spectral discrimination, as well as the presence of heavy metals showing its reflectance based on its concentration. The expected outcome of this study can be used to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the risk of heavy metals exposure to population.

Download Full-text

Heavy metals exposure and health risk assessment of PM10 particles in indoor air in industrial area

Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment ◽

10.15250/joie.2019.18.1.18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 18-27

Author(s):

Yujin Oh ◽

YoonDeok Han ◽

Yunjae Kim ◽

Sunghyeon Jung ◽

Wonhee Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Metals Exposure

Download Full-text

Geochemical Mapping, Risk Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal ◽

Zening Wu ◽

Huiliang Wang ◽

Zafar Hussain ◽

Chenyang Shen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Matrix Factorization ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Road Dust ◽

Positive Matrix Factorization ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Positive Matrix ◽

The City

Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the street dust of Zhengzhou city of PR China. Fifty-eight samples of road dust were analyzed based on three methods of risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), and Nemerow Synthetic Pollution Index (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations of Hg and Cd 14 and 7 times higher than their background values, respectively. Igeo showed the risks of contamination in a range of unpolluted (Cr, Ni) to strongly polluted (Hg and Cd) categories. RI came up with the contamination ranges from low (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) to extreme (Cd and Hg) risk of contamination. The risk of contamination based on PIN was from safe (Cu, As, and Pb) to seriously high (Cd and Hg). The results yielded by PIN indicated the extreme risk of Cd and Hg in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to identify the sources of contamination. Factor 1 (vehicular exhaust), Factor 2 (coal combustion), Factor 3 (metal industry), and Factor 4 (anthropogenic activities), respectively, contributed 14.63%, 35.34%, 36.14%, and 13.87% of total heavy metal pollution. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.

Download Full-text

Heavy Metals Exposure on Urbanized and Industrial polluted territories and Effects on Functional State of Systems of different cohorts of population in Crimean region of Ukraine

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20130121002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 21002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. V. Evstafyeva ◽

O. A. Zalata ◽

O. B. Moskovchuk ◽

A.Ye. Slusarenko ◽

I. A. Evstafyeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Functional State ◽

Metals Exposure

Download Full-text

INVESTIGATION INTO HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION BY THE GRAVEL ROADSIDES / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ KONCENTRACIJŲ ŽVYRKELIŲ PAKELIŲ DIRVOŽEMIUOSE VERTINIMAS / ОЦЕНКА КОНЦЕНТР АЦИЙ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПОЧВЕ ОБОЧИН ГРАВИЙНЫХ ДОРОГ

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2011.557474 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 89-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Audronė Mikalajunė ◽

Lina Jakučionytė

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Concentration ◽

Road Dust ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Concentration Limit ◽

Roadside Soils ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Gravel Roads ◽

The Impact

Vehicles release large amounts of heavy metals to the environment. There have been done a lot of investigations analysing the distribution of heavy metals in soils near intensive regional roads. However, there is lack of investigations into the impact of small-intensity gravel roads on roadside soil contamination with heavy metals. The object of this investigation is four gravel roads of local significance connecting small villages. The intensity of these roads is very low. The gravel roads are chosen according to application of dust-minimizing materials, for example, CaCl2 and oil emulsion. According to our results, none of the soil samples had an excess of heavy metal concentration limit. Besides, heavy metal concentrations were decreasing with a distance from the road increasing. We can make an assumption that road dust-minimizing materials do not have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution in roadside soils. The major factors of heavy metal pollution distribution in roadside soils are traffic intensity, roadside trenches, and topographic conditions. Santrauka Eksploatuojant autotransportą, į aplinką patenka daug sunkiųjų metalų. Atlikta nemažai tyrimų sunkiųjų metalų paplitimuidirvožemyje šalia intensyvių magistralinių kelių nustatyti, tačiau mažo intensyvumo keliai šiuo požiūriu tiriami mažai.Tirti pasirinkta 4 žvyrkeliai – vietinės reikšmvs keliai, jungiantys nedideles gyvenvietes. Eismo intensyvumas šiuose keliuose mažas. Žvyrkeliai pasirinkti pagal taikomas priemones dulkėtumui mažinti, t. y. du nagrinvjami žvyrkeliai apdorotiCaCl2, kiti du – naftos emulsija. Nė viename mėginyje sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos neviršijo DLK, o tolstant nuo važiuojamosios kelio dalies sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo mažesnės. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad kelio apdorojimo medžiagos dulkėtumui mažinti žymios įtakos sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymui pakelių dirvožemyje nedaro, lemia transporto srauto intensyvumas, kelio grioviai pakelėse bei reljefo sąlygos. Резюме При эксплуатации автомобилей в окружающую среду попадает много тяжелых металлов. Проведено немалоисследований, посвященных анализу распространения тяжелых металлов в почве обочин интенсивно эксплуатируемых магистральных дорог, однако исследований, касающихся аналогичных проблем дорог малой интенсивности, в настоящее время имеется немного. В настоящей работе в качестве объекта исследований выбраны четыредороги местного значения с гравийным покрытием, соединяющие небольшие поселения. Интенсивность дорог небольшая. Гравийные дороги выбраны с учетом их обработки для уменьшения пыльности – две дороги обработаны с применением CaCl2, а две другие – с применением нефтяной эмульсии. Ни в одной пробе не былозафиксировано концентраций тяжелых металлов, превышающих допустимые нормами. С удалением от проезжей части концентрации тяжелых металлов уменьшались. На основании исследований можно сделать вывод о том,что материалы, применявшиеся для уменьшения пыльности дорог, большого влияния на распространениетяжелых металлов в почве обочин дорог не оказывают. На распространение тяжелых металлов в почве обочин оказывает влияние интенсивность транспортного потока, кюветы на обочинах и условия рельефа.

Download Full-text

Biochemical Profile, Micro-mineral Status and Metallothionein Expression in Abattoir Buffaloes Environmentally Exposed to Heavy Metals

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4464 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Himalaya Bhardwaj ◽

Chanchal Singh ◽

Shashi Nayyar

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Permissible Limit ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Level ◽

Normal Range ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

And Control ◽

Metals Exposure

Background: The present study was planned to assess the biochemical and micro-minerals profile in blood and other tissues of buffaloes environmentally exposed to heavy metals. Methods: Tissues (liver and kidney) and blood samples (n=50) were collected from local abattoir. Based on the level of heavy metals, animals were classified as exposed and control was found to have heavy metals in normal range. Blood and tissue sample from both groups were analyzed for micro-minerals, antioxidant status, metabolic profile and expression of metallothionein-2 (MT-2).Result: Exposed group was found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) higher level of arsenic and chromium as compared to the control group. Level of Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were observed to be significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in exposed animals as compared to control but their concentrations were below the permissible limit in both the groups. Cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) level were normal in all tissues but Fe level was lower than permissible limit in blood. Malonldialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in tissues and blood of exposed group. The exposed buffaloes were found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) increased glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine level as compared to control group. Fold change expression of metallothionein (MT-2), had maximum in liver, followed by kidney and blood as compared to control group. The study concluded that heavy metals exposure and low concentration of micro-minerals in buffaloes could result in oxidative damage and alterations in the expression of metallothionein.

Download Full-text

Characteristics, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals exposure via household dust from six cities in China

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143126 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 143126

Author(s):

Xiuge Zhao ◽

Zhenglei Li ◽

Danlu Wang ◽

Yan Tao ◽

Feiyang Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Source Apportionment ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Household Dust ◽

Metals Exposure

Download Full-text

Anthropogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals in the road dust: Magnetic identification and its implications

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.028 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 1175-1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Tao Yang ◽

Qingsheng Liu ◽

Haixia Li ◽

Qingli Zeng ◽

Lungsang Chan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Road Dust ◽

The Road

Download Full-text

Fine particulate matter in the tropical environment: monsoonal effects, source apportionment, and health risk assessment

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-597-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 597-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

M. F. Khan ◽

M. T. Latif ◽

W. H. Saw ◽

N. Amil ◽

M. S. M. Nadzir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Road Dust ◽

Closure Model ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

South West ◽

Us Epa ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. The health implications of PM2.5 in the tropical region of Southeast Asia (SEA) are significant as PM2.5 can pose serious health concerns. PM2.5 concentration and sources here are strongly influenced by changes in the monsoon regime from the south-west quadrant to the north-east quadrant in the region. In this work, PM2.5 samples were collected at a semi-urban area using a high-volume air sampler at different seasons on 24 h basis. Analysis of trace elements and water-soluble ions was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC), respectively. Apportionment analysis of PM2.5 was carried out using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) positive matrix factorization (PMF) 5.0 and a mass closure model. We quantitatively characterized the health risks posed to human populations through the inhalation of selected heavy metals in PM2.5. 48 % of the samples collected exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) 24 h PM2.5 guideline but only 19 % of the samples exceeded 24 h US EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The PM2.5 concentration was slightly higher during the north-east monsoon compared to south-west monsoon. The main trace metals identified were As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, V, and Cr while the main ions were SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and Na. The mass closure model identified four major sources of PM2.5 that account for 55 % of total mass balance. The four sources are mineral matter (MIN) (35 %), secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) (11 %), sea salt (SS) (7 %), and trace elements (TE) (2 %). PMF 5.0 elucidated five potential sources: motor vehicle emissions coupled with biomass burning (31 %) were the most dominant, followed by marine/sulfate aerosol (20 %), coal burning (19 %), nitrate aerosol (17 %), and mineral/road dust (13 %). The hazard quotient (HQ) for four selected metals (Pb, As, Cd, and Ni) in PM2.5 mass was highest in PM2.5 mass from the coal burning source and least in PM2.5 mass originating from the mineral/road dust source. The main carcinogenic heavy metal of concern to health at the current location was As; the other heavy metals (Ni, Pb, and Cd) did not pose a significant cancer risk in PM2.5 mass concentration. Overall, the associated lifetime cancer risk posed by the exposure of hazardous metals in PM2.5 is 3–4 per 1 000 000 people at this location.

Download Full-text