scholarly journals Development of Flexible, Conductive and Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Miniaturized Bioelectrodes for Enzymatic Glucose Biofuel Cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Laura García-Carmona ◽  
Mireia Buaki-Sogó ◽  
Marta Vegas-García ◽  
Mayte Gil-Agustí ◽  
Pedro Llovera-Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Monitoring Devices

The need for new clean energy sources for portable devices in biomedical, agro-food industry and environmental related sectors boosts scientists towards the development of new strategies for energy harvesting for their application in biodevices development. In this sense, enzymatic biofuel cells (BFCs) have gained much attention in the last years. This work faces the challenge of develop new generation of BFCs able to be adapted to remote and personal monitoring devices within the framework of wearable technologies. To this aim, one of the main challenges consists of the development of conductive and biocompatible electrodes, which constitute a challenge itself due to the non-conductive capabilities of most of the biocompatible supports. Additionally, bioelectrodes may achieve good mechanical properties and resilience in order to be suitable for the envisioned application, which involves exposure to deformation during long-term use. Furthermore, it is desirable that the systems developed are versatile enough to be adapted to miniaturized supports for new personal wearable devices development. In the present work, self-standing chitosan-carbon black membranes have been synthesized and modified with suitable enzymes for the assembly of an enzymatic glucose BFC. The membranes have been adapted to be integrated in miniaturized interdigitated gold electrodes as the step forward to miniaturized systems, modified with enzymes and metallic particles clusters and tested for energy harvesting from glucose solutions. The miniaturized system produces a power density of 0.64 µW/cm2 that is enhanced to 2.75 µW/cm2 in the presence of the metallic clusters, which constitute a 76% incensement. Such preliminary demonstrations highlight the good response of metals in bioelectrode configuration. However, energy harvesting real application of the developed miniaturized electrodes need still improvements but pave the way for the use of BFC as an energy source in wearable technologies due to their good mechanical, electrical and biocompatible properties.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Biofuel Cells: A Review on Flow Designs

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Linda Barelli ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
Dario Pelosi ◽  
Elena Sisani
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽  
Wide Range

Because of environmental concerns, there is a growing interest in new ways to produce green energy. Among the several studied applications, enzymatic biofuel cells can be considered as a promising solution to generate electricity from biological catalytic reactions. Indeed, enzymes show very good results as biocatalysts thanks to their excellent intrinsic properties, such as specificity toward substrate, high catalytic activity with low overvoltage for substrate conversion, mild operating conditions like ambient temperature and near-neutral pH. Furthermore, enzymes present low cost, renewability and biodegradability. The wide range of applications moves from miniaturized portable electronic equipment and sensors to integrated lab-on-chip power supplies, advanced in vivo diagnostic medical devices to wearable devices. Nevertheless, enzymatic biofuel cells show great concerns in terms of long-term stability and high power output nowadays, highlighting that this particular technology is still at early stage of development. The main aim of this review concerns the performance assessment of enzymatic biofuel cells based on flow designs, considered to be of great interest for powering biosensors and wearable devices. Different enzymatic flow cell designs are presented and analyzed highlighting the achieved performances in terms of power output and long-term stability and emphasizing new promising fabrication methods both for electrodes and cells.

Three year results of endovascular therapy with a new generation nitinol stent for femoro-popliteal artery lesions - a single-center outcome analysis of a subcohort of MISAGO 2 study

VASA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kralj ◽  
Irene Boos ◽  
Uwe Müller-Bühl
Keyword(s):  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Stent Fracture ◽  
Nitinol Stent ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Stent Stenosis

Background: Advances in stent technology have widened the field of indications for stent treatment of femoro-popliteal artery lesions, however the use of stents in bending arterial segments is restricted because some first- and second-generation nitinol stent designs did not respond well to the mechanical forces of femoro-popliteal segments in motion which pose a substantial risk of stent fracture inducing in-stent-stenosis. New generation nitinol stents are supposed to overcome these limitations but long-term results are rare. Patients and methods: In forty-five patients (mean age 68 y, range 50 - 85) with peripheral arterial disease (TASC II A-C, Rutherford category 2 - 5) forty-six lesions of the superficial femoral artery (37) or popliteal artery (9) were treated [25 high-grade stenoses, mean length 53 mm (range 30 - 145 mm); 21 chronic total occlusions, mean length 74 mm (range 30 - 180 mm)]. 74 % of lesions were located in the mobile bending arterial segments in the distal femoral or the popliteal segment. Clinical reevaluation performed at discharge, at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months included at least the measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and duplex sonography. Results: Procedural success rate was 100 %. At 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, cumulative primary patency rate was 93.5 %, 84.8 %, 80.5 %, and 74.3 % (SE<10); freedom from target lesion revascularization rate was 95.7 %, 89.2 %, 84.9 %, and 79.3 % (SE<10); Rutherford category and ABI improved in all patients and clinical success was maintained in more than 85 % of patients. Conclusions: Sustained technical and clinical success and good clinical long-term results were achieved with Misago™ nitinol stent implantation in femoro-popliteal lesions with moderate risk for in-stent-stenosis, and in the distal femoral and popliteal mobile segment.

The long-term instability of the new generation hydrogen masers

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
S.I. Donchenko ◽  
I.Y. Blinov ◽  
I.B. Norets ◽  
Y.F. Smirnov ◽  
A.A. Belyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Frequency Difference ◽  
Clock Frequency ◽  
Quantum Frequency ◽  
Frequency Standards ◽  
Quantum Frequency Standards ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Atomic Time

The latest changes in the algorithm for the formation of the international atomic time scale TAI are reported in terms of estimating the weights of the clocks involved in the formation of TAI. Studies of the characteristics of the long-term instability of new-generation hydrogen masers based on processing the results of the clock frequency difference with respect to TAI are performed. It has been confirmed that at present, new-generation hydrogen masers show significantly less long-term instability in comparison with quantum frequency standards ofsimilar and other types.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

First clinical experience with the wearable cardiac rhythm long-term monitoring cardioskin device

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Guedeney ◽  
J Silvain ◽  
F Hidden-Lucet ◽  
C Maupain ◽  
S Dinanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract Background There are only limited options for long-term cardiac monitoring devices readily available in clinical practice for outpatients. Holter monitoring devices are limited by the uncomfort of wires and patches, the small number of leads for analysis, the quality of recordings or the monitoring duration while insertable cardiac monitors are costly and exposed to potential local complication. Purpose To describe a single center experience with a novel wearable device for cardiac rhythm monitoring. Methods The Cardioskin™ system is a patch-free, wire-free, wearable device with rechargeable batteries that provides a high quality 15-lead electrocardiogram monitoring over 1 month (Figure 1). Data are sent using a mobile application downloaded in the patient smartphone to a central Corelab where they can be interpreted by an expert and/or the prescribing physician. An alarm signal is readily available within the Cardioskin™ device, to allow patients to indicate the presence of symptoms. In this single center retrospective registry, we provide a first report of the use of this novel device in real world practice, with indication and duration of cardiac monitoring left at the physicans “discretion”. Results From January 2019 to December 2019, the Cardioskin™ system was prescribed in 60 patients for an overall median duration of 26.5 (14–32) days. The mean age of the patients was 45±12.2 years and 24 (40%) were male. Indications for cardiac monitoring were post-Stroke, palpitation, syncope and cardiomyopathy assessment in 56%, 30%, 7% and 7% of the cases, respectively. A sustained (&gt;30 seconds) supraventricular tachycardia was detected in 4 cases, including one case of atrial fibrillation, two case of atrial tachycardia and on case of junctional tachycardia. Unsustained ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation burst were detected in another 2 cases (Figure 1). There was no reported case of skin irritation by the Cardioskin™ system or abrupt interruption of the monitoring by the patients. Conclusion The Cardioskin™ system is a novel, discreet and comfortable cardiac rhythm wearable long-term monitoring device which can be used in clinical practice for broad diagnostic indications. Figure 1. Cardioskin system Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): ACTION coeur

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Biofuel Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Rabisa Zia ◽  
Ayesha Taj ◽  
Sumaira Younis ◽  
Haq Nawaz Bhatti ◽  
Waheed S. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells
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