scholarly journals The TOTEM DAQ based on the Scalable Readout System (SRS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Michele Quinto ◽  
Francesco S. Cafagna ◽  
Adrian Fiergolski ◽  
Emilio Radicioni
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Interaction Point ◽  
Diffraction Dissociation ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Control Distribution ◽  
Trigger Rate ◽  
Online Storage

The TOTEM (TOTal cross section, Elastic scattering and diffraction dissociation Measurement at the LHC) experiment at LHC, has been designed to measure the total proton-proton cross-section and study the elastic and diffractive scattering at the LHC energies. In order to cope with the increased machine luminosity and the higher statistic required by the extension of the TOTEM physics program, approved for the LHC’s Run Two phase, the previous VME based data acquisition system has been replaced with a new one based on the Scalable Readout System. The system features an aggregated data throughput of 2GB / s towards the online storage system. This makes it possible to sustain a maximum trigger rate of ∼ 24kHz, to be compared with the 1KHz rate of the previous system. The trigger rate is further improved by implementing zero-suppression and second-level hardware algorithms in the Scalable Readout System. The new system fulfils the requirements for an increased efficiency, providing higher bandwidth, and increasing the purity of the data recorded. Moreover full compatibility has been guaranteed with the legacy front-end hardware, as well as with the DAQ interface of the CMS experiment and with the LHC’s Timing, Trigger and Control distribution system. In this contribution we describe in detail the architecture of full system and its performance measured during the commissioning phase at the LHC Interaction Point.

scholarly journals ALICE Central Trigger System for LHC Run 3

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
Jakub Kvapil ◽  
Anju Bhasin ◽  
Marek Bombara ◽  
David Evans ◽  
Anton Jusko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Trigger System ◽  
Triggering Mechanism ◽  
Alice Experiment ◽  
Backward Compatibility

A major upgrade of the ALICE experiment is in progress and will result in high-rate data taking during LHC Run 3 (2022-2024). The LHC interaction rate at Point 2 where the ALICE experiment is located will be increased to 50 kHz in Pb–Pb collisions and 1 MHz in pp collisions. The ALICE experiment will be able to read out data at these interaction rates leading to an increase of the collected luminosity by a factor of up to about 100 with respect to LHC Runs 1 and 2. To satisfy these requirements, a new readout system has been developed for most of the ALICE detectors, allowing the full readout of the data at the required interaction rates without the need for a hardware trigger selection. A novel trigger and timing distribution system will be implemented, based on Passive Optical Network (PON) and GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) technology. To assure backward compatibility a triggered mode based on RD12 Trigger- Timing-Control (TTC) technology, as used in the previous LHC runs, will be maintained and re-implemented under the new Central Trigger System (CTS). A new universal ALICE Trigger Board (ATB) based on the Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale FPGA has been designed to function as a Central Trigger Processor (CTP), Local Trigger Unit (LTU), and monitoring interfaces. In this paper, this new hybrid multilevel system with continuous readout will be described, together with the triggering mechanism and algorithms. An overview of the CTS, the design of the ATB and the different communication protocols will be presented.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing Approach Towards Cloud-Based Application and Related Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Anjani Tiwari ◽  
Prof. Jatin Patel ◽  
Dr. Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Online Storage

Cloud solutions provide a powerful computing platform that enables individuals and Cloud users to perform a wide range of tasks, such as using an online storage system, implementing business applications, developing customized computer software, and establishing a realistic network environment. The number of people using cloud services has increased dramatically in recent years, and a massive amount of data has been stored in cloud computing environments. As a result, data breaches in cloud services are increasing year after year as a result of hackers who are constantly attempting to exploit cloud architecture's security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we investigate and analyse real-world cloud attacks in order to demonstrate the techniques used by hackers against cloud computing systems and how to prevent such malicious activities.

scholarly journals Energy Storage System Integration with Wind Generation for Primary Frequency Support in the Distribution Grid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Zambrana Vargas ◽  
José Calixto Lopes ◽  
Juan C. Colque ◽  
José L. Azcue ◽  
Thales Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Primary Frequency

With the significant increase in the insertion of wind turbines in the electrical system, the overall inertia of the system is reduced resulting in a loss of its ability to support frequency. This is because it is common to use variable speed wind turbines, based on the Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), which are coupled to the power grid through electronic converters, which do not have the same characteristics as synchronous generators. Thus, this paper proposes the use of the DFIG-associated Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to support the primary frequency. A control strategy was developed, and important factors such as charging and discharging current limitations and operation within battery limits were considered. Time domain simulations have been proposed to study a distribution system containing a wind turbine, showing the advantages of BESS over frequency disturbances.

scholarly journals V2G Strategy for Improvement of Distribution Network Reliability Considering Time Space Network of EVs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4415
Author(s):  
Hak-Ju Lee ◽  
Byeong-Chan Oh ◽  
Seok-Woong Kim ◽  
Sung-Yul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Test System ◽  
Space Network ◽  
Time Space ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Reliability Assessments ◽  
Failure Scenario

Reliability is an important index which determines the power service and quality provided to customers. As the demand increases continuously and the system changes in accordance with the environmental regulation, the reliability assessment in the distribution system becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose methods for improving the reliability of the distribution system using electric vehicles (EVs) in the system. In this paper, EVs are used as power supplying devices, such as a transportable energy storage system (ESS) which supplies power when fault occurs in the system, and by using a time–space network (TSN) in particular, EV capacity in accordance with the load arrival time was calculated. Unlike other existing reliability assessments, we did not use the average load of customers. Instead, by taking into account the load pattern by times, we considered the priority for load supply in accordance with the failure scenarios and failure times. Based on the priority calculated for each time of failure and failure scenario, plans for EV operation to minimize expected customer interruption cost (ECOST), the reliability index in the distribution system, were established. Finally, a case study was performed using the IEEE RBTS (Roy Billinton Test System) 2 Bus and the performance of the model proposed in this paper was verified based on the result.

scholarly journals Coil Pump Design for a Community Fountain in Zambia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Thompson ◽  
Sonya Milonova ◽  
Meghan Reha ◽  
Faisal Mased ◽  
Ian Tromble
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Nile Crocodile ◽  
Zambezi River

The municipal water distribution system in Chirundu, Zambia is not affordable for many residents, so most families collect water, wash their clothes and socialize along the banks of the Zambezi River. The river is the native habitat for the Nile crocodile, and several fatal attacks have occurred at this site. Using locally available materials, a team of engineering students from Seattle University designed a waterwheel and coil pump to provide 30 liters of water per minute to a safe gathering area 30 meters onshore and at an elevation of 10 meters above the river. The team also sized a water storage system and designed a series of washbasins for the site. Local residents were able to improve the design and construction of the pump, and it has performed for up to two months without maintenance. The coil pump has the potential to provide crop irrigation for many neighboring communities. For this to be a sustainable technology, the pump’s rotating joint must be carefully fabricated.

scholarly journals A Study on the Power Line Operation Strategy by the Energy Storage System to Ensure Hosting Capacity of Distribution Feeder with Electrical Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6976
Author(s):  
Byungki Kim ◽  
Jae-Bum Park ◽  
Dae-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Operation Method ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Distribution Feeder ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Compensation Rate

The introduction of a complex electrical vehicle charging (EVC) infrastructure consisting of an electrical vehicle (EV) charger and renewable energy source (RES) in the distribution system has been required as an important countermeasure for global environmental issues. However, the problems for hosting capacity and power stability of the distribution feeder can be caused by the penetration of lager scaled RES and EVC infrastructure. Further, it is required for the efficient operation method to prevent congestion and to ensure hosting capacity for the distribution feeder due to the increase of variable RES and EVC infrastructure in the distribution systems. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop a technology which is capable of stably introducing an EVC infrastructure without reinforcing the existing distribution system. Therefore, to maintain the existing hosting capacity of distribution feeder and allowable limits, this paper presents a virtual power line (VPL) operation method using Energy Storage System (ESS) based on the power and voltage stabilization control to ensure hosting capacity of the EVS infrastructure. The proposed operation method is determined by optimal power compensation rate (PCR) and voltage compensation rate (VCR). Specifically, ESS for VPL is controlled according to the charging and discharging mode is operated according to the comparison value of the PCR and VCR. From the test results, it is verified that hosting capacity of the distribution system can be maintained using the proposed control method of ESS for VPL operation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document