Routing Optimization Algorithm of Spatial DTN Network Based on Multiattribute Decision

Delay or stop (DTN) tolerance space network is considered to be a technology that can trade with a limited or restricted field communication area. In the space DTN network architecture, routing is very important. This article is based on the best-in-class multiattribute decision-making DTN network routing optimization algorithm. The goal is to use the optimized DTN network routing algorithm multiattribute decision-making algorithm and conduct a more in-depth study on the field information mechanism multipath decision algorithm and network path. Aiming at the problems of long link delay and frequent link interruption of current deep-space communication characteristics, and solving the impact on communication caused by system performance degradation. This paper adopts the multiattribute decision-making model algorithm to construct simulation tests, introduces the DTN network architecture, and analyzes the four attributes of the multi-attribute decision-making link bandwidth, node data forwarding rate, link establishment delay, and network error rate. The experimental results show that, in the spatial information network, the high-speed movement of nodes and the highly dynamic nature of the network make the deep-space network topology unstable and long communication delay; the change of the link mode and switch connection in the network will cause the routing table to update. This routing update method requires the exchange of topology information between all networks; when the forwarding rates of adjacent nodes are 100%, 90%, 95%, and 70%, nodes can only perform routing independently when they meet. The decision attribute algorithm has obvious changes to the attributes of any node in the spatial DTN network. The most obvious is that the link establishment delay has reached the standard of 5 or more.

Assessment of the resistance of technical means of space systems and complexes to the effects of electrostatic discharges

In order to further improve the methods of protecting the onboard spacecraft equipment from the effects ofelectrostatic discharges, based on a comprehensive study of the problem of the occurrence of electrostatic discharges, theauthors carried out the studies described in this article to analyze the functioning of the onboard spacecraft equipment under the influence of electrostatic discharges. In the course of the research, the methodology for assessing the resistance ofthe onboard equipment of the spacecraft to the effects of electrostatic discharges was refined, based on the generalization of the calculation and analytical work. The analysis of the resistance of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft was carried out taking into account the main mechanisms of the effect of electrostatic discharges on the onboard space network. Taking into account the need to assess the resistance of the onboard space network equipment to electrostatic discharges outside real operating conditions, the authors assess the resistance of the onboard space network equipment on the basis of mathematical and physical modeling. Asaresult of the study, an algorithm was developed for assessing the resistance of the onboard equipment of a spacecraft to the effects of electrostatic discharges, which is described in detail in this article.

Identificación de las estructuras de las Redes del Espacio Profundo de países desarrollados

Como una de varias acciones para procurar la preservación de la raza humana y su evolución, donde el cambio climático se ha convertido en una crisis ambiental con daños irreversibles en algunos casos, la humanidad continua con la exploración espacial y se prepara para la explotación de recursos en el espacio exterior. La Red del Espacio Profundo o DSN (Deep Space Network) por sus siglas en inglés, es una red internacional de antenas de radio que sirven como apoyo a misiones interplanetarias de naves espaciales, de las observaciones de astronomía de radio y del radar para la exploración del sistema solar y del universo. También sirve de apoyo a misiones en órbitas terrestre y permite el desarrollo, en la tierra, de actividades relacionadas con la seguridad, la salud y la educación, entre otras. Las comunicaciones a través de la DSN son de fundamentales para alcanzar el objetivo de explorar y explotar los recursos del espacio exterior. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es identificar la estructura de las DSN de los países con mayor desarrollo en la materia. Esta fue una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva con un diseño documental. Los resultados de esta investigación permiten concluir que en los Estados Unidos se está generando el mayor desarrollo de tecnología espacial y de DSN gracias a la incorporación de capital privado. Se debe continuar estudiando y ampliando el conocimiento en el tema dada la importancia para la supervivencia de la humanidad. As one of several actions to seek the preservation of the human race and its evolution, where climate change has turned into an environmental crisis with irreversible damage in some cases, humanity continues with space exploration and prepares for the exploitation of resources in outer space. The Deep Space Network or DSN (Deep Space Network) for its acronym in English, is an international network of radio antennas that serve as support to interplanetary missions of spacecraft, radio astronomy observations and radar for exploration of the solar system and the universe. It also supports missions in terrestrial orbits and allows the development, on the ground, of activities related to security, health and education, among others. Communications through the DSN are essential to achieve the goal of exploring and exploiting the resources of outer space. The main objective of this research is to identify the structure of the DSN of the most developed countries in the field. This was a quantitative, descriptive investigation with a documentary design. The results of this research allow us to conclude that the United States is generating the greatest development of space technology and DSN thanks to the incorporation of private capital. It should continue to study and expand knowledge on the subject given its importance for the survival of humanity.

Structure of the Region-Technology Network as a Driver for Technological Innovation

Agglomeration and spillovers are key phenomena of technological innovation, driving regional economic growth. Here, we investigate these phenomena through technological outputs of over 4,000 regions spanning 42 countries, by analyzing more than 30 years of patent data (approximately 2.7 million patents) from the European Patent Office. We construct a bipartite network—based on revealed comparative advantage—linking geographic regions with areas of technology and compare its properties to those of artificial networks using a series of randomization strategies, to uncover the patterns of regional diversity and technological ubiquity. Our results show that the technological outputs of regions create nested patterns similar to those of ecological networks. These patterns suggest that regions need to dominate various technologies first (those allegedly less sophisticated), creating a diverse knowledge base, before subsequently developing less ubiquitous (and perhaps more sophisticated) technologies as a consequence of complementary knowledge that facilitates innovation. Finally, we create a map—the Patent Space Network—showing the interactions between technologies according to their regional presence. This network reveals how technology across industries co-appear to form several explicit clusters, which may aid future works on predicting technological innovation due to agglomeration and spillovers.