scholarly journals Superhydrophobic Asphalt Pavements: Surface Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 12012
Author(s):  
Iran Rocha Segundo ◽  
Salmon Landi ◽  
Elisabete Freitas ◽  
Verônica Castelo Branco ◽  
Manuel F. M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
On The Road

The most adverse weather condition for road safety happens when there is water, snow, or ice on the road surface because their presence highly decreases friction. Therefore, it is essential to drain or repel them quickly. If the water drops are repelled from the surface or the ice/snow formation is avoided with the application of superhydrophobic coatings, roads become safer. In order to functionalize the asphalt mixtures used in road pavements, nano/micromaterials, such as Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), TiO2, and SiO2, among others have been applied by spraying coating. The mixes are usually characterized by the water contact angle, and the surface roughness is typically assessed by optical and electron analysis. This research work aims to present a brief overview of superhydrophobic asphalt mixtures.

Modeling head-on crash severity on NCDOT freeways: a mixed logit model approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Wei (David) Fan
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Mixed Logit Model ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Model Approach

This study employs a mixed logit model approach to evaluate contributing factors that significantly affect the severity of head-on crashes. The head-on crash data are collected from Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) from 2005 to 2013 in North Carolina. The effects that vehicle, driver, roadway, and environmental characteristics have on the injury severity of head-on crashes are examined. The results of this research demonstrate that adverse weather, young drivers, rural roadways, and pickups are found to be better modeled as random-parameters at specific injury severity levels, while others should remain fixed. Also, the model results indicate that driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, grade or curve roadway configuration, old drivers, high speed limit, motorcycles will increase the injury severity of head-on crashes. Adverse weather condition, two-way divided road, traffic control, young drivers, and pickups will decrease the injury severity of head-on crashes.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Adverse Weather on Travel Time Reliability of Urban Corridors in Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yajie Zou ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
Yifan Xie ◽  
Linbo Li ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Travel time reliability (TTR) is widely used to evaluate transportation system performance. Adverse weather condition is an important factor for affecting TTR, which can cause traffic congestions and crashes. Considering the traffic characteristics under different traffic conditions, it is necessary to explore the impact of adverse weather on TTR under different conditions. This study conducted an empirical travel time analysis using traffic data and weather data collected on Yanan corridor in Shanghai. The travel time distributions were analysed under different roadway types, weather, and time of day. Four typical scenarios (i.e., peak hours and off-peak hours on elevated expressway, peak hours and off-peak hours on arterial road) were considered in the TTR analysis. Four measures were calculated to evaluate the impact of adverse weather on TTR. The results indicated that the lognormal distribution is preferred for describing the travel time data. Compared with off-peak hours, the impact of adverse weather is more significant for peak hours. The travel time variability, buffer time index, misery index, and frequency of congestion increased by an average of 29%, 19%, 22%, and 63%, respectively, under the adverse weather condition. The findings in this study are useful for transportation management agencies to design traffic control strategies when adverse weather occurs.

scholarly journals A Two-Class Stochastic Network Equilibrium Model under Adverse Weather Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chenming Jiang ◽  
Linjun Lu ◽  
Junliang He ◽  
Caimao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Network Equilibrium ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather

Adverse weather condition is one of the inducements that lead to supply uncertainty of an urban transportation system, while travelers’ multiple route choice criteria are the nonignorable reason resulting in demand uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel stochastic traffic network equilibrium model considering impacts of adverse weather conditions on roadway capacity and route choice criteria of two-class mixed roadway travellers on demand modes, in which the two-class route choice criteria root in travelers’ different network information levels (NILs). The actual route travel time (ARTT) and perceived route travel time (PRTT) are considered as the route choice criteria of travelers with perfect information (TPI) and travelers with bounded information (TBI) under adverse weather conditions, respectively. We then formulate the user equilibrium (UE) traffic assignment model in a variational inequality problem and propose a solution algorithm. Numerical examples including a small triangle network and the Sioux Falls network are presented to testify the validity of the model and to clarify the inner mechanism of the two-class UE model under adverse weather conditions. Managerial implications and applications are also proposed based on our findings to improve the operation efficiency of urban roadway network under adverse weather conditions.

Research on the Road Performance of the AC-25 Asphalt Mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1593-1598
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Li ◽  
Wen Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Central Layer ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
On The Road

In this paper, firstly, based on asphalt pavement central layer, the comparison with the foreign related gradation of asphalt mixtures, one typical kinds of gradations are decided; Secondly, the asphalt aggregate ratio is predicted based on professor Lin’s Theory , and five asphalt aggregate ratio are selected. Finally, the road performance of asphalt mixture is experimented, and the road performance of five asphalt aggregate ratio is analyzed. As a result, we can predict the range of the optimum asphalt aggregate ratio based on the road performance.

scholarly journals Analysis of the costs of construction and maintenance of rigid and flexible pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Antoni Szydło ◽  
Piotr Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

The costs of construction and the future maintenance of expressways and motorways have a significant impact on the choice of technologies for their construction. The subject of the article is the analysis of the costs of construction and maintenance of rigid (concrete) and flexible (asphalt mixtures) pavements in Poland. The construction technologies and maintenance scenarios in service were analysed for selected pavement constructions of rigid and flexible motorways and expressways. The costs of construction and maintenance of these pavements in national conditions were determined. The fourth quarter of 2015 was adopted as the initial price level. On the basis of the analysis of the costs of construction and maintenance of the analysed structures, the advantage of rigid constructions made of cement concrete was demonstrated, especially in the aspect of the surface maintenance. The cost assessment was carried out for 30 years of exploitation. The concrete pavements on the road network in Poland have been used for over 20 years. They are present both on low-class roads and on the highest-class roads, i.e. motorways and expressways.

scholarly journals A Link Distribution Algorithm with Efficient Relay Node Optimization for Congestion Control in Urban Vanets

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Link Distribution ◽  
High Congestion

This research work develops a new algorithm i.e. Link distribution algorithm and efficient link distribution algorithm. A Link distribution algorithm is the distribution of the link to the nodes so that communication between the nodes takes place in case of any link failure whereas efficient link distribution algorithm is distribution of the packets to the nodes which has high transmission power. The technique used in Link distribution algorithm (LDA) is link establishment whenever there is any link failure happen we apply this concept which is LDA whereas the technique used in efficient link distribution algorithm (ELDA) is relay node selection the relay node is selected based upon the received signal strength ratio (RSSI) value and which node is having high RSSI value that node we allocate the link. The above algorithms can be applied wherever there is high congestion on the road due to the high congestion link failure will happen and due to the link failure emergency event occurs. Results of model achieved in a realistic state of affairs validate our theoretical deliberation and confirm the efficiency and the efficacy of our protocol by screening significant expansion in terms of busy ratio, collision rate, deviation, local density and transmission power compared to previous scheme ETSI DCC. The work has been successfully done with the help open source network simulator NS3.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Semi Automatic Coconut Copra Electric Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-641
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

In India Coconut is the major plantation crop in the states of Tamilnadu, kerala, Karnataka, Kongan region of Maharastra and Andaman and Nicobar Islands for entire seasons. Copra is the major product from the coconut cultivation earning higher income of small and medium livelihoods. The approval of copra quality is mainly based on how well the copra got dried. Open drying or other conventional methods is the major process of making copra. In adverse weather condition, rainy season the drying process will be very challenging. Many dryers are made and used currently was affordable to medium and large scale copra producers. Those dryers also having limitations in size, high initial cost and nature dependency. There is very few attempt made for Small and individual household copra producers. This paper mainly focuses on how to dry-up the copra in all climate conditions. An electric handy dryer is designed to dry up the coconut copra and other grains. It mainly helps the small scale farmers as a handy dryer unit to dry-up the copra, those who are using coconut as a way of income. Based on the experiments conducted the electric dryer removed high moisture content than forced convection and direct sun dryers.

scholarly journals Profitability analysis of papaya cultivation in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
MI Kaysar ◽  
MS Hoq ◽  
MW Islam ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Human Labour

The study was conducted to depict the overall economics of papaya cultivation in four districts namely Tangail, Jashore, Bandarban and Rajshahi. The objectives of the study were to examine the cost structure, resource use productivities, profitability and the problems of papaya production. A total of 152 farmers taking 38 from each district were selected randomly. Data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule during January-March, 2017. The per hectare use of human labour, plant protection, manures and fertilizer were found to be maximum at Jashore whereas, the per hectare use of saplings was found to be maximum at Tangail district. The per hectare cost of cultivation of papaya was high at Jossere (365405) followed by Tangail (Tk.334261), Rajshahi (Tk.319754), and Bandarban (Tk. 272664). The average per hectare yield were maximum at Jossere (62MT) followed by Rajshahi (55MT), Tangail (54MT) and Bandarban (52MT). Per hectare gross margin was the highest at Tangail (Tk. 802797) followed by Bandarban (Tk. 658441), Jashore (Tk. 536346) and Rajshahi (Tk.471298). Per hectare net return was highest at Tangail (Tk.633738) followed by Bandarban (Tk.507335), Jossere (Tk.346594) and Rajshahi (Tk.302747). The overall benefit cost ratio was 2.39 which indicates papaya cultivation was profitable in Bangladesh. The yield of papaya would increase by 0.0407, 0.125, 00.0627, 0.0863 and 0.3785 % if papaya farmers apply 1% additional human labour, seedlings/saplings, fertilizer, improved variety, and dummy for loamy soil. Attacks on viral disease, adverse weather condition, non-availability of reliable seed, lack of irrigation facilities, lack of technical knowledge and problems in marketing of papaya were the major constraints of papaya cultivation in the study areas. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 115-126, March 2019

scholarly journals WATI: Warning of Traffic Incidents for Fuel Saving

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Corcoba Magaña ◽  
M. Muñoz-Organero
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Traffic incidents (heavy traffic, adverse weather conditions, and traffic accidents) cause an increase in the frequency and intensity of the acceleration and deceleration. The result is a very significant increase in fuel consumption. In this paper, we propose a solution to reduce the impact of such events on energy consumption. The solution detects the traffic incidents based on measured telemetry data from vehicles and the different driver profiles. The proposal takes into account the rolling resistance coefficient, the road slope angle, and the vehicles speeds, from vehicles which are on the scene of the traffic incident, in order to estimate the optimal deceleration profile. Adapted advice and feedback are provided to the drivers in order to appropriately and timely release the accelerator pedal. The expert system is implemented on Android mobile devices and has been validated using a dataset of 150 tests using 15 different drivers. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a system to detect traffic incidents and provide an optimal deceleration pattern for the driver to follow without requiring sensors on the road. The results show an improvement on the fuel consumption of up to 13.47%.

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