scholarly journals A Framework for Optimal Placement of Strain Gauges on Elastic Elements of Force Sensors Using Genetic Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Gavrilenkov
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Element ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Education Tool ◽  
Goal Functions ◽  
And Behavior

This paper presents a digital education tool for learning the specifics and behavior of a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) used to solve the problem of optimal placement of strain gauges on the elastic element of a force sensor. The paper formulates the problem statement and specifies how this problem can be solved using the MOGA. For the problem, the design variables are the locations of strain gauges and angles at which they are positioned. The goal functions are the output signal of the sensor and the measurement error from bending moments, which can be caused by the off-centric application of load. The solution algorithm is implemented within a framework that can be used to investigate and learn how parameters of MOGA influence its performance. The framework is used to run computational experiments for the given problem to find the optimal placement of strain gauges on the elastic element of a given force sensor. The performance of the MOGA in solving this problem is compared to that of the traditional approach.

Design and characterization of a T-shaped two-axis force sensor

Sensor Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-782
Author(s):  
Liang Zhong ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Yuxin Peng ◽  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensor Head ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Basic Performance

Purpose This paper aims to propose a type of T-shaped two-axis force sensor for measuring the forces in x- and z-axes. The developed sensor has a simple structure and can be effectively assembled into compact devices. Design/methodology/approach A T-shaped plate, with both ends fixed on a base, is used as the substrate of the sensor. Eight strain gauges are placed in the root of the plate or near the sensor head, which can construct two full Wheatstone bridges on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. When the x- or z-axes forces are applied to the sensor head, different deformation can be generated to the strain gauges. Therefore, the two Wheatstone bridges can be constructed with a different configuration for measuring the forces in x- or z-axes, respectively. Findings A prototype was designed and constructed and experiments were carried out to test the basic performance of the sensor. It has been verified that the developed sensor could measure the x- and z-axes forces independently with a high resolution of 2.5 and 5 mN, respectively. Originality/value Only one thin plate was used in the design, the forces in x- and z-axes could be measured independently and simultaneously, which made the sensor with a simple structure and compact size. Experiments were also verified that there was no crosstalk error occurred in one axis when the force was applied to the other axis.

Optimization Study of a Hybrid Solar Air Conditioner

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Alili ◽  
Yunho Hwang ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Systems Simulation

In order for the solar air conditioners (A/Cs) to become a real alternative to the conventional systems, their performance and total cost has to be optimized. In this study, an innovative hybrid solar A/C was simulated using the transient systems simulation (TRNSYS) program, which was coupled with MATLAB in order to carry out the optimization study. Two optimization problems were formulated with the following design variables: collector area, collector mass flow rate, storage tank volume, and number of batteries. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) was selected to find the global optimum design for the lowest electrical consumption. To optimize the two objective functions simultaneously, a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) was used to find the Pareto front within the design variables’ bounds while satisfying the constraints. The optimized design was also compared to a standard vapor compression cycle. The results show that coupling TRNSYS and MATLAB expands TRNSYS optimization capability in solving more complicated optimization problems.

Integrated Mechanical and Thermodynamic Optimization of an Engine Linkage Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Sullivan ◽  
James D. van de ven ◽  
William F. Northrop ◽  
Kieran McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Transmission Angle ◽  
Combustion Simulation ◽  
Kinematic Optimization

In order to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of an internal combustion engine (ICE), a Stephenson-III six-bar linkage is optimized to serve as a replacement for the traditional slider–crank. Novel techniques are presented for formulating the design variables in the kinematic optimization that guarantee satisfaction of the Grashof condition and of transmission angle requirements without the need for an explicit constraint function. Additionally, a nested generalization of the popular NSGA-II algorithm is presented that allows simultaneous optimization of the kinematic, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of the mechanism. This approach successfully solves the complex six-objective optimization problem, with challenges for future refinement including improvement of the combustion simulation to attain better accuracy without prohibitive computational expense.

Development of Bolt Type Force Sensor using Strain Gauges

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (0) ◽  
pp. 1P1-M11
Author(s):  
Masakado DANJO ◽  
Akihiro KAWAMURA ◽  
Ryo KURAZUME
Keyword(s):  
Force Sensor ◽  
Strain Gauges

A Three-Axis Piezoresistive Micromachined Force Sensor for Studying Cockroach Biomechanics

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bartsch ◽  
Aaron Partridge ◽  
Beth L. Pruitt ◽  
Robert J. Full ◽  
Thomas W. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Normal Force ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Blaberus Discoidalis ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Resolution

Abstract A millimeter-scale silicon micromachined force sensor has been designed to measure in three axes the ground reaction forces produced by the cockroach Blaberus Discoidalis during typical running locomotion. Each sensor consists of a large-area (5mm × 5mm) rigid plate supported at its corners by thin flexures instrumented with two ion-implanted piezoresistors each. Comparison of piezoresistive measurements among these eight strain gauges allows the applied force to be resolved into three orthogonal components. Un-amplified sensitivity to normal forces of 1.2V/N has been demonstrated with estimated normal force resolution of 7.3μN on an 800Hz measurement bandwidth.

Development of Six-Axis Force Sensor Using Plate Spring

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Yoichi Muranaka ◽  
◽  
Raifu Murai ◽  
Masakazu Takahashi ◽  
Genichiro Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robot Manipulators ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Torque Vector ◽  
Beryllium Copper ◽  
Plate Spring

This paper describes a six-axis force sensor for robot manipulators which consists of a cross-shaped plate spring formed from a 160mmx160mm, lmm thick beryllium- copper plate. The plate spring is twisted through a 90° angle at the mid-point of each branch of the crossshaped spring so that it consists of eight flat springs aligned on two orthogonal axes. Six components of the force/.torque vector acting on the end-effector are measured using strain gauges cemented at sixteen locations of the plate spring. Optimal locations of strain gauges are determined through the calculation of strain distri~ ution caused by each component of the force/torque vector. A simple setup for calibration of the sensor, which consists of a pair of commercial linear guides, a pair of force indicating meters, and a pair of micrometer heads, is presented. The performance characteristics of the sensor are examined in detail.

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