scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the quality of concrete blocks produced from coconut fibre, oil palm empty fruit bunch, and rice husk as filler material

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 01019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lutfi ◽  
Muh Yamin ◽  
Mujibu Rahman ◽  
Elisa Ginsel Popang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Coconut Fibre

The accumulation of coconut fibre (CF), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), and rice husks (RH) every year can reduce the fertility of soil and water absorption, and causes water acidification. Waste utilization as a filler material of concrete blocks was discussed in this research. Experimental design was used by comparing the quality of concrete blocks based on 36 specimens with varied compositions of waste (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by dry weight of total sand) and 3 specimens (0%) as control specimens with 3 replications for each composition. The quality of paving blocks was determined based on the testing of water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and density. The results revealed that the quality of concrete blocks with the composition of CF (1% and 2%), OPEFB (1% and 2%), and RH (1%) meet the requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996 criteria in category B for parking paver and the maximum composition of each waste materials (3% and 4%) still comply SNI 15-2094-2000 in class 100 and 150 for the block walls. Statistical analysis revealed that the best treatments for compressive strength was RH (1%) and for water absorption it was RH (2%) and CF (4%).

scholarly journals Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Cement Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jen Hua Ling ◽  
Yong Tat Lim ◽  
Wen Kam Leong ◽  
How Teck Sia
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation ◽  
Oil Palm Industry

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a biomass waste abundantly produced by the oil palm industry in Malaysia. To minimize the environmental impacts, it needs to be properly disposed of or being rapidly consumed as a raw material of another industry. This study investigated the feasibility of substituting EFB in cement bricks, which is in high demand by the construction industry. A total of 120 specimens having the cement-to-sand (c/s) ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:3 were produced in the laboratory. EFB fibre was used to replace 10% to 25% of sand in the mix by volume. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption after 28 days of casting. For the mix of 1:2.5 c/s ratio, 25% EFB content reduced 22% of density, decreased 59% of compressive strength and increased 43% of water absorption capacity of normal cement brick. This was mainly attributed to the porous cellular structure of EFB fibre that created a large volume of voids in the mix. Based on the feasibility evaluation, EFB fibre can only replace up to 15% and 10% of sand in the mixes of 1:2.5 and 1:3 c/s ratios respectively.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBAKARAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PEMBUATAN BATAKO

Jurnal PenSil ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Average Unit ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
And Control

The sand aggregates in Sukamara Regency in Central Kalimantan have fine and uniform grain sizes. To improve the quality of these materials, it’s necessary try to provide additional materials from the waste burning oil palm shells formaking brick blocks.The research was by making bricks with certain treatments in several experimental groups 1SP:5Sand, 1SP:5Waste, 1SP:2.5Sand:2.5Waste, 1SP:2Sand:3Waste, 1SP:2Waste:3Sand, and control group1SP:5Sand for ratio. Testing the average unit weight of 1SP:5waste is 0.71kg and 1SP:5sand is 1.38kg. Batako with oil palm shell burning waste is 0.67kg lighter. The average compressive strength of mixed concrete blocks 1SP:2Sand:3Waste is 52.96kg/cm², 1SP:5Waste is 8.40kg/cm², and 1SP:5Sand is 16.67kg/cm². All bricks usea mixture of SP+Sand+Waste composition have greater strength than only use a mixture of SP+Sand and SP+Waste. Batako with mixture composition of 1SP:2Sand:3Waste is classified B1 quality. Batako with mixture composition of 1SP:2.5Sand:2.5Waste and 1SP:2Waste:3Sand is A1 quality, while for the mixture composition 1SP:5Sand and 1SP:5Waste doesn’t enter the quality the brick because average strength below 20kg/cm². The test for greatest compressive strength produced from bricks with a mixture of SP+Sand+Wastecomposition shows the conglomeration oil palm shell burning waste is good to be used as an added material in brick making.

scholarly journals BATAKO LUMPUR LAPINDO SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MATERIAL PASANGAN DINDING

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rofikatul Karimah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Class I ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Made In

Block made of mud is a building material used in making wall for building that is made fromsand, cement, and fly ash using certain percentage mud in sand. This research aimed to know theeffect of the use of lapindo mud towards the compressive strength, the absorption of block waterwith the mud dosage in sand are: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. This research was an experimentalresearch; each design was made in size 10x20x40 cm using 5% of fly ash and without fly ash.The result of this research showed that the highest compressive strength was raised in 10%mud in sand with 5% fly ash that was 195 kg/cm2 or increased about 3.44 kg/cm2 within increasingpercentage about 10.651% towards the compressive of block without lapindo mud with 5% of flyash, and was included in class I quality of block. While for the 30% and 40% mud percentage islower compared with normal compressive strength of block. The test result of water absorption oflapindo mud block showed the higher value than 20% for lapindo mud block with 5% fly ash, inframing the mud blocks as the wall, those blocks need to be soaked first because the absorptionvalue of block is higher than 20%. Lapindo mud block without 5% fly ash has bricks water absorptionless than 20%, while in framing those bricks, they don’t need to be soaked because the absorptionof brick if lower than 20%. By using fly ash in mud block, we can get the higher compressivestrength and the lower water absorption.Keyword: Porong Mud, Block, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Absorption

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM ASH INCORPORATION IN FOAMED CONCRETE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah A. Hadi ◽  
Hanizam Awang ◽  
Muhammed Zuhear Almulali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Target Density ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Enhanced Properties

This paper investigates the effect of replacing different portions of cement by fine oil palm ash (FOPA). A target density of 1000 kg/m3 was used for the foamed concrete mixes. A foamed concrete mix of 1 part binder, 2 parts filler and 0.45 part of water has been used. Cement was replaced at levels of 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65% by weight of binder. The compressive strength, density, water absorption, drying shrinkage and sorptivity were tested at different ages. The mix containing 25% of fine OPA showed enhanced properties in comparison to the control mix at the age of 90 days. The mixed showed higher compressive strength, less water absorption, increased density and lesser sorptivity. However, the same mix showed higher shrinkage readings than that of the control mix. 

scholarly journals Use of Recycled Tyre Rubber in Non-structural Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Waris ◽  
Hussain Najwani ◽  
Khalifa Al-Jabri ◽  
Abdullah Al-Saidy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Blocks

To manage tyre waste and conserve natural aggregate resource, this research investigates the use of waste tyre rubber as partial replacement of fine aggregates in non-structural concrete. The research used Taguchi method to study the influence of mix proportion, water-to-cement ratio and tyre rubber replacement percentage on concrete. Nine mixes were prepared with mix proportion of 1:2:4, 1:5:4 and 1:2.5:3; water-to-cement ratio of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.40 and rubber to fine aggregate replacement of 20%, 30% and 40%. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were carried out on 100 mm cubes. Compressive strength was directly proportional to the amount of coarse aggregate in the mix. Water-to-cement ratio increased the strength within the range used in the study. Strength was found to be more sensitive to the overall rubber content than the replacement ratio. Seven out of the nine mixes satisfied the minimum strength requirement for concrete blocks set by ASTM. Water absorption and density for all mixes satisfied the limits applicable for concrete blocks. The study indicates that mix proportions with fine to coarse aggregate ratio of less than 1.0 and w/c ratio around 0.40 can be used with tyre rubber replacements of up to 30 % to satisfy requirements for non-structural concrete.

scholarly journals Optimization Tile Waste Treatment as Pozzoland Active Material on Paving Block with Variation Parameter of Fuel Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Nanin Meyfa Utami ◽  
Dwi Nurtanto ◽  
Rossi Nain Nopan Juwari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Cement Powder ◽  
Variation Parameter

The abundance of tile waste is used as a material innovation in the manufacture of concrete and paving. However, the results of research done by new researchers mostly only as filler material. The paving block which was added as a cement powder substitution material decreased compressive strength along with the tile waste percentage addition (Ridwan, 2017). Thus, researchers try to optimize tile waste treatment before being used in the paving blocks with raise the fuel temperature up to 900°C to obtain more amorphous pozzoland. Waste tile contains SiO?, CaAl?Si?O8, Fe?O ? and Mg? (SiO 4) on the testing of XRD so compliant as pozzoland material. This research used powder waste as a material of cement substitution with 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% of cement weight with variation of fuel temperature 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C and 900°C. The results showed that by increasing the fuel temperature up to 900°C compressive strength increased by 5.9% and water absorption decreased by 14.5%. However, by increasing the percentage of tile waste, compressive strength decreased up to 7.2%. Testing is supported by the SEM results wich indicate that the greater percentage used then the paving surface is also more hollow.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the low density particle boards quality using rice husks and oil palm empty fruit bunch with plastic waste adhesive

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh. Yamin ◽  
Rudito ◽  
Andi Lisnawati ◽  
Mohammad Lutfi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Better Than

The accumulation of rice husks (RH), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), and plastic waste (PW) can reduce the fertility of the soil. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of the low density particle boards using that waste. Experimental design was used by testing the quality of particle boards with a substitution of 50 % by weight of the total mixes for each waste (RH and OPEFB) and 50% of PW with 3 replications. The results revealed that the quality of the low density particle boards based on water content, density, and modulus of rupture (MOR) tests meet the requirements of SNI 03-2105-2006, whereas the modulus of elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling, water absorption, and the tension perpendicular to surface tests do not comply to the requirements. This preliminary study revealed that the quality of particle boards using OPEFB was better than the particle boards using RH for building materials such as ceilings.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL SHELL WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE ADDITIVES IN MANUFACTURING PAVING BLOCK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Wiratno ◽  
Samuel Layang ◽  
Wandra Prima Pera
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Palm shells are one of the wastes produced from the processing of crude palm oil in addition to empty fruit bunches and coir which account for 60% of oil production. Palm oil shell waste is widely used as active charcoal in the oil, rubber, sugar, and pharmaceutical industries. The potential of palm oil shell waste in Indonesia is very large considering the area of oil palm plantations which continues to increase every year. This study aims to determine the percentage of the addition of palm oil shell waste in the manufacture of paving blocks that provide optimum compressive strength and water absorption values from several variations of the addition of palm oil shell waste that replaces some of the fine aggregates. The study was carried out experimentally in a laboratory using a boxed specimen with a length of 20 cm, a width of 10 cm, a height of 6 cm by 40 pieces. The mixture uses a ratio of 1 cement and 5 sand with fas 0.3. Treatment of test specimens by immersion in water for further testing of compressive strength and absorption at the age of 28 days. Based on testing of the compressive strength of paving blocks with a percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% are respectively 8.08 MPa, 7.18 MPa, 6.46 MPa, 5.94 MPa. The value of paving block water absorption with a percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% are respectively 9.88%, 10.25%, 12.27%, 12.44%.

Effect and Action Mechanism of Superplasticizer on Foamed Cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 1659-1662
Author(s):  
Chuan Wei Du ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Foam Structure ◽  
Softening Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Foaming

The ordinary Portland cement was used to prepare foamed cement by the chemical foaming method. In this paper, the effect of superplasticizer on the water absorption and softening coefficient of foamed cement has been studied. The results show that the superplasticizer could improve foam structure, reduce the water absorption, and enhance the compressive strength and softening coefficient. The water resistance could be improved. When the dosage of superplasticizer was 0.3% (the quality of cement), compared with blank sample, the water absorption reduced 27.9%. When the softening coefficient was 0.68, softening coefficient increased 19.2%. The action mechanism of superplasticizer has been explored.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Parameters on the Development of Compressive Strength of Oil Palm Shell Geopolymer Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Hosseini Kupaei ◽  
U. Johnson Alengaram ◽  
Mohd Zamin Jumaat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Curing Regimes

This paper presents the experimental results of an on-going research project on geopolymer lightweight concrete using two locally available waste materials—low calcium fly ash (FA) and oil palm shell (OPS)—as the binder and lightweight coarse aggregate, respectively. OPS was pretreated with three different alkaline solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide, and sodium silicate as well as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for 30 days; afterwards, oil palm shell geopolymer lightweight concrete (OPSGPC) was cast by using both pretreated and untreated OPSs. The effect of these solutions on the water absorption of OPS, and the development of compressive strength in different curing conditions of OPSGPC produced by pretreated OPS were investigated; subsequently the influence of NaOH concentration, alkaline solution to FA ratio (A/FA), and different curing regimes on the compressive strength and density of OPSGPC produced by untreated OPS was inspected. The 24-hour water absorption value for OPS pretreated with 20% and 50% PVA solution was about 4% compared to 23% for untreated OPS. OPSGPC produced from OPS treated with 50% PVA solution produced the highest compressive strength of about 30 MPa in ambient cured condition. The pretreatment with alkaline solution did not have a significant positive effect on the water absorption of OPS aggregate and the compressive strength of OPSGPC. The result revealed that a maximum compressive strength of 32 MPa could be obtained at a temperature of 65°C and curing period of 4 days. This investigation also found that an A/FA ratio of 0.45 has the optimum amount of alkaline liquid and it resulted in the highest level of compressive strength.

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