scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL SHELL WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE ADDITIVES IN MANUFACTURING PAVING BLOCK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Wiratno ◽  
Samuel Layang ◽  
Wandra Prima Pera
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Palm shells are one of the wastes produced from the processing of crude palm oil in addition to empty fruit bunches and coir which account for 60% of oil production. Palm oil shell waste is widely used as active charcoal in the oil, rubber, sugar, and pharmaceutical industries. The potential of palm oil shell waste in Indonesia is very large considering the area of oil palm plantations which continues to increase every year. This study aims to determine the percentage of the addition of palm oil shell waste in the manufacture of paving blocks that provide optimum compressive strength and water absorption values from several variations of the addition of palm oil shell waste that replaces some of the fine aggregates. The study was carried out experimentally in a laboratory using a boxed specimen with a length of 20 cm, a width of 10 cm, a height of 6 cm by 40 pieces. The mixture uses a ratio of 1 cement and 5 sand with fas 0.3. Treatment of test specimens by immersion in water for further testing of compressive strength and absorption at the age of 28 days. Based on testing of the compressive strength of paving blocks with a percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% are respectively 8.08 MPa, 7.18 MPa, 6.46 MPa, 5.94 MPa. The value of paving block water absorption with a percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% are respectively 9.88%, 10.25%, 12.27%, 12.44%.

scholarly journals Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Friuts Bunch: A Case Study on Bioefinery Concept

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTAP Kresnowati ◽  
Efri Mardawati ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

The concept of biorefinery offers the utilization of biomass, in particular agricultural waste, to be converted intoenergy, chemicals, materials, and food. In 2013 Indonesia produced about 27.4 thousand tons of crude palm oil(CPO) which corresponds to approximately 30 thousand tons of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), the biomasswaste from palm oil industries. The huge availability of EFB in Indonesia may serve as a good starting point toimplement the concept of biorefinery. EFB mainly comprises of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thecellulosic components of EFB have been thoroughly studied, i.e. for the production of bioethanol. Thehemicellulosic component of EFB, which is a polymeric substance that comprises mainly of xylose, has beenbarely explored. This paper reviewed the potential utilization of hemicellulosic component of EFB to beconverted to xylitol, the 5-carbon-sugar-alcohol which is low calorie, low Glycemic Index, and anti-cariogenic.The pretreatment and hydrolysis of EFB and the following fermentation of EFB hydrolysate to xylitol will bediscussed further.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI WAKTU HIDROLISIS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI FURFURAL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO

Konversi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Marinda Rahim ◽  
Mardhiyah Nadir
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Regional Center

Abstrak- Sebagai daerah sentra pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan industri crude palm oil (CPO), Kalimantan Timur memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. TKKS merupakan limbah padat dari hasil industri CPO yang menggunakan tandan buah sawit (TBS) sebagai bahan bakunya.  Bagian TKKS adalah 23% dari TBS. TKKS memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi jika diolah lebih lanjut. Salah satu cara yang digunakan adalah dengan menghidrolisis kandungan pentosan di dalam TKKS menjadi furfural. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah megembangkan teknik hidrolisis satu tahap TKKS menjadi furfural dengan bantuan gelombang mikro untuk mendapatkan waktu optimum yang dapat mengasilkan furfural maksimum.. Pada penelitian ini 10 gram TKKS ditambahkan dengan 250 mL H2SO4 15% sebagai katalis. Campuran kemudian dihidrolisis menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan variasi waktu 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, dan 105 menit. Hasil analisa dengan Gas Chromatography (GC) menunjukkan hasil furfural tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu 75 menit dengan konsentrasi 1,34 mg/mL.  Kata Kunci: furfural, gelombang mikro, hidrolisis, TKKS Abstract- As a regional center for the development of oil palm plantations and crude palm oil (CPO) industry, East Kalimantan has the potential to produce oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in large enough quantities. EFB is the solid waste from the palm oil industry which uses palm fruit bunches (FFB) as a raw material. EFB part is 23% of FFB. Whereas EFB has a high economic value if processed further. One of the method that is used to hydrolyze the content of pentosan in EFB into furfural. The purpose of this research is to develop one step hydrolysis technique of EFB into furfural  with microwaves assistance  to obtain the optimum time which can produce maximum furfural. In this research 10 grams of EFB was added with 250 mL of H2SO4 15%  as the catalyst. The mixture was then hydrolyzed using microwave-assisted with a time variety of for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and105 minutes. The results of analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) showed that the highest results of furfural  was at 75 minutes with a concentration of 1.34 mg / mL. Keywords: EFB, furfural, microwaves, hydrolysis

scholarly journals POTENSI DAN PELUANG TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PULP DAN KERTAS: STUDI KASUS DI INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwinsyah . ◽  
Atika Afriani ◽  
Teddy Kardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Potential Use

Oil palm biomass derived from oil palm processing plant has a very abundant availability or nearly equal to the yield of crude palm oil. This paper provides a review of the chemical and fibers characteristics from the empty fruit bunches of oil palm tree associated with the properties of pulp and papermaking. Potential use of fibers from oil palm tree, which is included in the group of nonwood, as raw material for pulp and paper is large enough for wood substitution. Opportunities to use oil palm tree fibers as raw material for pulp and paper in industrial scale is very prospective. Keywords: empty fruit bunches, characteristics, utilization, pulp, paperABSTRAKBiomassa sawit yang berasal dari pabrik pengolahan sawit memiliki ketersediaan sangat melimpah atau hampir sama dengan rendemen minyak sawit mentah. Makalah ini memberikan tinjauan mengenai karakteristik kimia dan serat dari tandan kosong sawit terkait dengan sifat-sifat pembuatan pulp dan kertas. Potensi penggunaan serat dari tanaman sawit yang termasuk dalam kelompok nonkayu sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas cukup besar, untuk substitusi kayu. Peluang penggunaan serat tanaman sawit serta pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas skala industri cukup prospektif.Kata kunci: tandan kosong sawit, karakteristik, pemanfaatan, pulp, kertas

The Analysis of Potential of Straw Mushroom Development by Using Empty Fruit Bunches Material in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarono Sarono
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Straw Mushroom

The empty fruit bunches (EFB) are by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) production, and it is not widely used optimally. One of products produced from EFB with development potentials is straw mushroom. The objective of this research was to analyze the potentials of EFB material and straw mushroom based on EFB material in Lampung province. The result showed that the EFB potential in Lampung province was 111,144 ton annually and straw mushroom was 4,835 ton annually. The biology efficiency ratio of EFB into straw mushroom in production scale was averagely 3.93%. Districts having potentials for developing straw mushroom business by using EFB material were Mesuji, Middle Lampung, Tulang Bawang, Way Kanan, and North Lampung.

APPLICATION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBERS IN STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT AS A FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Henny Lydiasari ◽  
Ari Yusman Manalu ◽  
Rahmi Karolina
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
By Products ◽  
Strength Improvement

The potency of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers as one of the by-products of processing oil palm is increasing significantly so that proper management is needed in reducing environmental impact. One of the utilization of OPEFB fibers is as a substitution material in construction which usually the material is derived from non-renewable mining materials so that the number is increasingly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study to know the performance of OPEFB fiber in making construction products especially concrete. In this case, the experiment was conducted using experimental method with variation of fiber addition by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each specimen was tested by weight, slump value, compressive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and crack length. As the results, the variation of fibers addition by 10%, decrease of slump value is 7%, concrete weight is 3% and crack length is 8% while increase of the compressive strength is 2.7% and the modulus of elasticity is 33.3% but its tensile strength decreased insignificantly by 0.05% . Furthermore, the addition of fibers above 10% to 30% decreased compressive strength is still below 10% and tensile strength below 2% while the weight of concrete, slump value and crack length decreased. Therefore, the addition of 10% can replace the performance of concrete without fiber but the addition of above 10% can still be used on non-structural concrete.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Oil Palm Decanter Cake Natural Polymer Composite (OPDC-NPC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aqif Adam ◽  
Alawi Sulaiman ◽  
Che Mohd Som Said ◽  
Ayub M. Som ◽  
Azhari Samsu Bahruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Decanter Cake

Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other types of fibers.

scholarly journals The challenge of the oil palm: Using degraded land for its cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJW Mutsaers
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Palm oil is a valuable product used all over the world in a vast number of products for daily use. The oil palm, once well established, is very productive, captures large amounts of carbon and provides good protection to the soil. The use of residues as fuel makes oil extraction plants self-sufficient in energy and produces surplus electricity. A large part of the plant nutrients can be recycled by composting empty fruit bunches, with palm oil mill effluent and ashes added. Smallholders contribute close to 50% of the palm oil traded worldwide. The crop has acquired a bad reputation, however, because of the forests which have been and continue to be cleared for new plantations. The rate of forest clearing has been particularly high in Indonesia and Malaysia, with Thailand and some African countries following at a distance. Forests on peat soils are also increasingly used, releasing even larger amounts of CO2 from peat decomposition. In the ecologies where oil palm thrives, vast expanses of speargrass ( Imperata cylindrica) have resulted from logging and injudicious land use, including poorly managed plantations. Although speargrass is hard to get rid of, a sequence of annual and perennial plant species is capable to suppress the grass, opening a window for planting oil palm in the degraded land. A well-established oil palm crop will then keep the grass out, because of the latter’s intolerance for shade. Thus, the oil palm’s image in the eyes of the public as an ecological disaster can be converted into its opposite: that of a tool to restore the productive capacity of degraded lands. Vast numbers of smallholders can thereby safeguard their livelihood. The oil palm industry has the means and skills to make this happen.

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM ASH INCORPORATION IN FOAMED CONCRETE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah A. Hadi ◽  
Hanizam Awang ◽  
Muhammed Zuhear Almulali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Target Density ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Enhanced Properties

This paper investigates the effect of replacing different portions of cement by fine oil palm ash (FOPA). A target density of 1000 kg/m3 was used for the foamed concrete mixes. A foamed concrete mix of 1 part binder, 2 parts filler and 0.45 part of water has been used. Cement was replaced at levels of 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65% by weight of binder. The compressive strength, density, water absorption, drying shrinkage and sorptivity were tested at different ages. The mix containing 25% of fine OPA showed enhanced properties in comparison to the control mix at the age of 90 days. The mixed showed higher compressive strength, less water absorption, increased density and lesser sorptivity. However, the same mix showed higher shrinkage readings than that of the control mix. 

Study of Coconut Charcoal Powder and Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregates and Cement in Load Bearing Concrete Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Airvin John C. Palacio ◽  
Nioro G. Furiscal ◽  
Katrina Mae L. Abalos ◽  
Dioven Angelo A. Alferez ◽  
Edmer A. Bade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Coconut Charcoal ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Egg Shell

Waste disposal is one of the issues that plague the society. Philippines is an agricultural country due to its strategic location in the tropics. Because of this nature, the agriculture sector tends to produce a huge amount of waste that if not disposed properly could pose a threat to the society and to the environment. With the advancement of technology, it has been a challenge for researchers to improve the quality of construction materials that is used in the industry. Studies have been performed on the possibilities of incorporating agricultural wastes to various construction materials as a form of waste diversion. In order to address the problem with agricultural wastes as well as to improve the property of construction materials, a study on coconut waste and eggshell waste was conducted as a constituent in concrete brick production. In this study, the density, compressive strength as well as the water absorption of concrete bricks with coconut charcoal powder (CCP) and eggshell powder (ESP) as replacement for fine aggregates and cement was conducted. Different mix ratios (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% CCP with a constant value of 5% ESP in each mix ratio) were carried out and the results were compared to a control sample. From the results of the density test, the concrete bricks with 5% CCP and 5% ESP was the lightest at a density of 1678.184 kg/m3, it also showed the least water absorption at 8.58% and exhibited the highest compressive strength at 17.5 MPa.

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