scholarly journals Soil quality in corn cultivation using bamboo biochar, compost, and phonska

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes P Situmeang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The Status ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Indicator Data ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study aims to determine the status of soil quality after biochar treatment, compost, and phonska in the cornfield. Soil samples were taken from 48 experimental plots after harvesting of maize. Assessment of soil quality is done by collecting selected indicator data including soil physical and chemical properties to observe changes in soil due to land use and agricultural cultivation practices. The soil quality status in this study was determined by calculating the value of soil quality rating (SQR) based on the weighting of 11 indicators of soil quality. The results showed that soil quality before the research was bad (SQR 30) and improved to moderate (SQR 27) until a good (SQR 20) after the research of biochar, compost and NPK phonska on the cornfield. Improved soil quality in biochar formulations 10.52 t ha-1, compost, and phonska, due to improved soil physical properties such as porosity, bulk density, and soil moisture content, which has encouraged the process of exchange and chemical reactions in the soil to release nutrients for the plant. Giving of bamboo biochar, compost, and NPK phonska on dry land cultivated maize has resulted in good soil quality (SQR 20) or approaching sustainability status is very good (highly sustainable).

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in the southern Amazonas region

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Barros Nascimento ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Bruno Campos Mantovanelli ◽  
Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos ◽  
José Mauricio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Amazon region has a great diversity of landscapes such as forests galleries, natural fields (“Cerrados Amazônicos”), dense forest, these environments made possible the formation of a broad class of soils over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in southern Amazonas, Brazil. Three areas of representative physiographies were selected, all of them in natural conditions: natural field / forest and floodplain / dry land transitions, and corrugated relief areas. Soil samples were collected in layers of 0.0 to 0.20 and 0.80-1.0 m. From the samples collected the following physical analyzes were performed: particle size, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity; and chemical: exchangeable calcium, magnesium, aluminum and potassium available, phosphorus, potential acidity, pH and organic carbon. Based on the results of chemical analysis were calculated the sum of bases and base saturation. The results were submitted to multivariate statistics analysis, at the discretion of the principal component analysis (PCA). From the results it is clear that different physiographic environments studied influence the formation of different soil classes, featuring the diversity of Amazonian soils. The PCA allowed the distinction and formation of different similarity groups, thus enabling to relate the physical and chemical properties with the physiographic formation in which they are inserted.

Dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil after agricultural abandonment in a karst region in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Bei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Rocky desertification induced by severe deforestation has caused the water loss and soil erosion in karst regions in southeast China, limiting local social and economic developments. To prevent further rocky desertification, the farmland which had obtained by deforestation were abandoned for recovery. As soil quality improved by agriculture abandonment should be examined, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil in different ages after abandonment. In this study, 38 investigation sites were selected for soil sampling on the slopes in Longtan trough valley in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality, China. The dominant plant species of the investigation sites were also noted during soil sampling. The sites were divided into seven age classes according to their abandonment time. Dynamics of water content, bulk density, pH, and concentration of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matters were examined. It suggests that soil quality might be deteriorated right after abandonment and then improved from around 20 years after abandonment. Deterioration of soil quality may be induced by lack of plant coverage and exposure of rock outcrops which may accelerate water loss and swelling and shrinkage cycles of soil. After the formation of plant communities and litter layer above the ground, soil quality was then apparently improved. These findings can provide a potential guideline for recovery management in karst regions in southwest of China.</p>

scholarly journals Physical properties and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter in crop-livestock integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tirloni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Anderson Cristian Bergamin ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crop-livestock integration represents an interesting alternative of soil management, especially in regions where the maintenance of cover crops in no-tillage systems is difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties, based on the hypothesis that a well-managed crop-livestock integration system improves the soil quality and stabilizes the system. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial design, to assess five crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration, and native forest as reference of soil undisturbed by agriculture, in four layers (0.0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m). The crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration promoted changes in soil physical and chemical properties and the effects of the different systems were mainly detected in the surface layer. The crops in integrated crop-livestock systems allowed the maintenance of soil carbon at levels equal to those of the native forest, proving the efficiency of these systems in terms of soil conservation. The systems influenced the environmental stability positively; the soil quality indicator mineral-associated organic matter was best related to aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Degradation Characteristics of Soil-Quality-Related Physical and Chemical Properties Affected by Collapsing Gully: The Case of Subtropical Hilly Region, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyue Feng ◽  
Hui Wen ◽  
Shimin Ni ◽  
Junguang Wang ◽  
Chongfa Cai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Collapsing Gully ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the subtropical hilly areas of China, a collapsing gully, a particular type of permanent gully, poses a great threat to the productivity and sustainability of the local ecological and agricultural systems. However, few studies have been performed regarding the effects of collapsing gully erosion on soil degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of collapsing gully erosion on soil-quality-related physical and chemical properties. The collapsing gullies that were severely affected by erosion processes were considered at three stages (initial, active and stable stages) and corresponding soil samples were collected to analyze the spatial variation of the soil physical and chemical quality at each stage. The changes in the properties were assumed to be considerable in the regions affected by the erosion process compared with those unaffected by this process. Soil physical properties were more susceptible than soil nutrients to collapsing gully erosion in different spatial locations. The soil quality index (SQI) system consists of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), pH, capillary porosity (CP), sand content (SA), soil cohesion (SC) and root density (RD). Collapsing gully erosion was found to affect the soil physical and chemical properties by progressively reducing the SQI. The mean SQI value was the lowest in the active stage of the collapsing gully, with a higher soil degradation. For the different spatial positions in the collapsing gullies, the scour channel showed the lowest SQI value. The limiting indicators varied in the different stages or spatial sites in the collapsing gullies.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF DESERTIFICATION USING SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS FOR SOME PARTS OF IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1290-1299
Author(s):  
Qadir & Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Quality Maps ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to assess desertification for dry lands in some parts of Iraq. The study area located between longitudes 43025- 41" - 460 28- 01" E and latitudes 340 18- 35" - 360 20- 56" N with an area of 26500Km2which include some parts of the governorates of Sulaimani, Diyala, Kirkuk, and Erbil in Iraq.  Eighty nine surface soil samples were taken, air dried, sieved through a 2 mm sieve and then analyzed for some physical and chemical properties.   Desertification is assessed according to Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use model (MEDALUS). ArcGIS 10.2 was used to analyze and prepare the layers of soil quality maps. In turn the geometric mean of all six quality maps was used to generate a single desertification status map .In calculating the weight of the soil quality indicator SQI it seems that it was divided into two classes, firstly, class 2(moderate quality) with an area of 25147 km2, which occupied 95% of the study area and the rest is class3 (low quality) with an area of ​​1309 km 2 which equal to 5% of the total area.

Research on the Evaluation of the Soil Quality in the Evolution of Ecological Slope-Protected Base Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Yue Shu Yang ◽  
Wen Nian Xu ◽  
Zhen Yao Xia ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Index System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Two vegetation-growing concrete slopes completed are chosen as research objects and the Analytical Hierarchy Process method is adopted to establish the evaluation index system, aiming at quantifying the physical and chemical properties of the base material and analyzing the results contrastively. The study shows that the physical and chemical properties of vegetation-growing concrete base material keep improving with the growth of time to better adapt to the growth of vegetation. This evaluation results tally with the actual situation of the sample sites, which suggests that this base material soil quality index system has great practical value. The differences occurring in the evaluation value of two pieces of sample sites suggest that regional environment is the main factor to affect the quality of vegetation-growing concrete base material.

scholarly journals Fungal community characteristics and driving factors during the decaying process of Salix psammophila sand barriers in the desert

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258159
Author(s):  
Yumei Liang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Ruidong Wang ◽  
Xia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Wood-inhabiting fungi are crucial to wood decay and decomposition in S. psammophila sand barriers, which in turn consumingly influence nutrient dynamics in desert soils. In the case of an extremely arid desert, as opposed to forests, little of known about the fungal community composition of decaying wood and the effects of decomposing wood on soil physical and chemical properties. Combined with high-throughput gene sequencing technology, we investigated the relationships between microenvironment factors with fungal community composition and diversity during the decomposition of Salix psammophila sand barriers. The results showed that the destruction of lignocellulose components during the decay process of S. psammophila sand barrier alters the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding soil. Compared with one-year sand barrier, lignin and cellulose of seven-year S. psammophila sand barrier decreased by 40.48% and 38.33%, respectively. Soil available potassium and available nitrogen increased by 39.80% and 99.46%, respectively. We confirmed that soil available nitrogen, soil pH and soil moisture content significantly affected the fungal community distribution of S. psammophila sand barriers. Sordariomycetes are mainly affected by the positive correlation of soil pH, while Eurotiomycetes are most affected by the positive correlation of soil moisture content and soil porosity. Although our results highlighted the importance of bidirectional interactions between fungi in decayed sand barriers and soil properties, their contribution to the desert ecosystem still needs further confirmation from future studies. However, overall our findings improved the current understanding of the sand barrier-soil interactions on the process of ecological restoration.

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