scholarly journals Instrumentation of soil columns for time-lapse monitoring of the phenomenon of capillary rise through spontaneous potential, soil moisture sensor, electrical resistivity, and GPR measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Manuelle Santos Góis ◽  
Moara Maria Oliveira de Matos ◽  
Nicolas Ohofugi Guimarães ◽  
Katherin Rocio Cano Bezerra da Costa ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Spontaneous Potential ◽  
Moisture Sensor

The continuous monitoring of capillary rise via indirect measures aims to predict and generate alerts regarding the soil mass deformations, transport leachate from landfills to the soil surface, and carry salts that can damage buildings. Through time-lapse monitoring of the electromagnetic wave's electrical potential and speed, it is possible to correlate via petrophysical relations the measures of electrical potential, electrical resistivity, and dielectric permittivity to the volumetric water content and capillary height. For this, four acrylic columns filled with civil construction material were instrumented. Column 1 - silver electrodes to measure the potential difference with a bench multimeter that measures the spontaneous potential generated by water flow. Column 2 - low-cost soil moisture sensors that measured the electrical potential and converted to bits. Column 3 - resistivimeter that measured the voltage and that was later converted to electrical resistivity and, Column 4 - 2.6 GHz antenna that measured the speed of the electromagnetic wave that was later converted into dielectric permittivity. The instrumentation assembled proved to be satisfactory to monitor the phenomenon. The monitoring lasted 187 h, and it was found that the maximum capillary height remained constant for a long time.

Hydrological consequences of land-cover change: Quantifying the influence of plants on soil moisture with time-lapse electrical resistivity

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. WA43-WA50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dushmantha H. Jayawickreme ◽  
Remke L. Van Dam ◽  
David W. Hyndman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Minor

Electrical resistivity of soils and sediments is strongly influenced by the presence of interstitial water. Taking advantage of this dependency, electrical-resistivity imaging (ERI) can be effectively utilized to estimate subsurface soil-moisture distributions. The ability to obtain spatially extensive data combined with time-lapse measurements provides further opportunities to understand links between land use and climate processes. In natural settings, spatial and temporal changes in temperature and porewater salinity influence the relationship between soil moisture and electrical resistivity. Apart from environmental factors, technical, theoretical, and methodological ambiguities may also interfere with accurate estimation of soil moisture from ERI data. We have examined several of these complicating factors using data from a two-year study at a forest-grassland ecotone, a boundary between neighboring but different plant communities.At this site, temperature variability accounts for approximately 20%–45% of resistivity changes from cold winter to warm summer months. Temporal changes in groundwater conductivity ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and a roughly [Formula: see text] spatial difference between the forest and grassland had only a minor influence on the moisture estimates. Significant seasonal fluctuations in temperature and precipitation had negligible influence on the basic measurement errors in data sets. Extracting accurate temporal changes from ERI can be hindered by nonuniqueness of the inversion process and uncertainties related to time-lapse inversion schemes. The accuracy of soil moisture obtained from ERI depends on all of these factors, in addition to empirical parameters that define the petrophysical soil-moisture/resistivity relationship. Many of the complicating factors and modifying variables to accurately quantify soil moisture changes with ERI can be accounted for using field and theoretical principles.

scholarly journals Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael V. Aroca ◽  
André C. Hernandes ◽  
Daniel V. Magalhães ◽  
Marcelo Becker ◽  
Carlos Manoel Pedro Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Reader ◽  
Reader Antenna

This paper presents a system to monitor soil moisture using standard UHF RFID tags buried on the soil. An autonomous mobile robot is also presented, which is capable to navigate on the field and automatically read the sensors, even if they are completely buried on the soil. Thus, passive RFID tags are buried on the soil, allowing wireless moisture measurement without the need of batteries for long periods. The system dispenses external cables and antennas and may be composed of a single RFID tag buried on the soil or by several RFID tags buried at different depths on the soil. An antenna coupled to a RFID reader can be pointed to the place of installation of these tags, and by measuring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other parameters, it allows to estimate the amount of water on the soil. The estimation of volumetric water content (VWC) on the soil was successfully obtained and calibrated with R2>0.9 using neural networks trained with experimental data from a reference capacitive soil moisture sensor. In addition to the simplified installation procedure, the system allows manual or automatic reading through irrigation systems or other systems to control irrigation systems. The system has been evaluated in several experiments, and nine tags were buried on the field, being used for at least three years. Experimental results show that it is possible to read tags at 40 cm deep in the soil with the RFID reader antenna 10 cm far from the soil surface.

scholarly journals Monitoring hillslope moisture dynamics with surface ERT for enhancing spatial significance of hydrometric point measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hübner ◽  
K. Heller ◽  
T. Günther ◽  
A. Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Archie’S Law ◽  
Hillslope Scale ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Abstract. Besides floodplains, hillslopes are basic units that mainly control water movement and flow pathways within catchments of subdued mountain ranges. The structure of their shallow subsurface affects water balance, e.g. infiltration, retention, and runoff. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in the knowledge of the hydrological dynamics on hillslopes, notably due to the lack of generalization and transferability. This study presents a robust multi-method framework of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in addition to hydrometric point measurements, transferring hydrometric data into higher spatial scales to obtain additional patterns of distribution and dynamics of soil moisture on a hillslope. A geoelectrical monitoring in a small catchment in the eastern Ore Mountains was carried out at weekly intervals from May to December 2008 to image seasonal moisture dynamics on the hillslope scale. To link water content and electrical resistivity, the parameters of Archie's law were determined using different core samples. To optimize inversion parameters and methods, the derived spatial and temporal water content distribution was compared to tensiometer data. The results from ERT measurements show a strong correlation with the hydrometric data. The response is congruent to the soil tension data. Water content calculated from the ERT profile shows similar variations as that of water content from soil moisture sensors. Consequently, soil moisture dynamics on the hillslope scale may be determined not only by expensive invasive punctual hydrometric measurements, but also by minimally invasive time-lapse ERT, provided that pedo-/petrophysical relationships are known. Since ERT integrates larger spatial scales, a combination with hydrometric point measurements improves the understanding of the ongoing hydrological processes and better suits identification of heterogeneities.

PROTOTIPE APLIKASI PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS MICRO CONTOLLER ATMEGA 328

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Rudi Budi Agung ◽  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
Didi Sukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Working Principle

The Indonesian country which is famous for its tropical climate has now experienced a shift in two seasons (dry season and rainy season). This has an impact on cropping and harvesting systems among farmers. In large scale this is very influential considering that farmers in Indonesia are stilldependent on rainfall which results in soil moisture. Some types of plants that are very dependent on soil moisture will greatly require rainfall or water for growth and development. Through this research, researchers tried to make a prototype application for watering plants using ATMEGA328 microcontroller based soil moisture sensor. Development of application systems using the prototype method as a simple method which is the first step and can be developed again for large scale. The working principle of this prototype is simply that when soil moisture reaches a certainthreshold (above 56%) then the system will work by activating the watering system, if it is below 56% the system does not work or in other words soil moisture is considered sufficient for certain plant needs.

Monitoring the hydrologic behaviour of a mountain slope via time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cassiani ◽  
A. Godio ◽  
S. Stocco ◽  
A. Villa ◽  
R. Deiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mountain Slope ◽  
Resistivity Tomography
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