Occupational radiation doses among nurses working in several medical departments in Saudi Arabia: a five-year national study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shubayr ◽  
Y. Alashban
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
National Study ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Occupational Radiation

There has been an increase in the numbers of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, which, in turn, has increased the occupational radiation doses delivered to healthcare practitioners. The aim of this study is to estimate a baseline for the occupational effective doses for five consecutive years (2016–2020) among nurses working in several medical departments in Saudi Arabia. A total of 3249 nurses were monitored from 2016 to 2020. Occupational effective doses were estimated using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100 chip) made of lithium fluoride (Li natural) LiF:Mg.Ti materials. An analysis of the dosimetry data revealed that the overall mean annual effective dose (MAED), range of the effective doses and the mean collective effective dose for nurses in selected departments during the study period were 0.85 mSv, 0.06–13.07 mSv and 46.51 man-mSv, respectively. The MAEDs for nurses were obtained from various departments, including the operating room (OR; 0.81 mSv), general X-ray (0.90 mSv), cardiac catheterization laboratory (cath-lab; 0.97 mSv), endoscopy (0.79 mSv), computed tomography (CT; 0.77 mSv), fluoroscopy (0.81 mSv), dentistry (0.92 mSv), angiography (0.91 mSv), nuclear medicine (1.01 mSv), urology (0.68 mSv), radiotherapy (0.67 mSv) and mammography (0.77 mSv). The MAED for cath-lab nurses was significantly higher than that for OR, CT and endoscopy nurses. The occupational doses among nurses in Saudi Arabia were below the recommended dose limit of 20 mSv. However, to further reduce the occupational dose, we recommend training and continuing education in radiation protection for nurses involved in radiological procedures.

RESULTS OF CZECH NATIONAL STUDY OF RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM RADIOTHERAPY OF NON-MALIGNANT DISEASES, IN PARTICULAR OF HEEL SPURS

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
V Dufek ◽  
H Zackova ◽  
L Kotik ◽  
I Horakova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
National Study ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract About 26 000 patients are treated per year with radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases in the Czech Republic. Approximately 75% of them are treated on X-ray therapy units and most of these patients undergo radiotherapy of heel spurs. The evaluation of radiation exposure of these patients was based on measured organ doses and on data from clinical practice. Collective effective doses for particular diagnoses were calculated in order to compare doses resulting from different diagnoses treated on X-ray therapy units. The collective effective dose from radiotherapy of heel spurs in the Czech Republic in 2013 was evaluated to 77 manSv. It represents 25.6% of the total collective effective dose for all diagnoses of radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases treated on X-ray therapy units.

ESTIMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE FOR MEDICAL WORKERS IN RADIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: NINE HOSPITALS EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-474
Author(s):  
Wiam Elshami ◽  
Mohamed Abuzaid ◽  
Antti Pekkarinen ◽  
Mika Kortesniemi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract Purpose Occupational radiation exposure for medical workers in radiology and cardiology was analyzed in nine hospitals in the UAE between 2002 and 2016. The purpose of the study was to determine the time trend and the differences in occupational radiation exposure among worker groups and hospitals in the country. Methods Readings of 5700 thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were obtained from 1011 medical workers and grouped into 5 worker groups (radiographers, diagnostic radiologists, nurses, cardiologists and physicians). Results The mean annual effective dose was from 0.38 to 0.62 mSv per worker. Even though an increase in the collective effective dose has been noticed during the study period, no significant time trend was observed in the mean effective dose. Furthermore, cardiologists received higher mean and maximum effective doses than the other worker groups. Conclusion The annual effective doses were below the limits set by national legislation and international standards, and for the average worker, the likelihood of high exposure is small. However, improvements in radiation protection practices could be implemented to reduce occupational radiation dose to cardiologists, who were the most exposed worker group in this study.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure of Workers Engaged in Radiation Practice without Monitoring Devices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akinlade Bidemi I. ◽  
Akisanya Daniel F. ◽  
Badmus Biodun S.
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate occupational dose of personnel, engaged in radiation work without wearing monitoring device, at five diagnostic centres in Abeokuta, Ogun State metropolis, namely, Rainbow, New image, Bethel, Akinolugbade and Abiolad.  Materials and Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) obtained from Radiation Protection Services, Lagos State University (LASU), Ojo were used for dose measurements. LASU is accredited by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) to provide radiation monitoring services. The TLDs were distributed to each of the centre for personnel and area (control and supervised) monitoring. The period of exposure of the TLDs was three months. The exposed TLDs were returned to LASU for processing. The effective dose received by personnel per quarter was extrapolated to annual effective dose to make comparison with the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommended dose limit. The stochastic effect of the measured dose was also estimated.  Results: Annual effective dose received by all personnel ranged from 1.16 - 2.54 mSv. While the highest value was obtained by personnel at Bethel diagnostic centre, the lowest value was obtained at Akinolugbade. The risk of cancer associated with these values, estimated for a million population, was 112 and 61 at Bethel and Akinolugbade respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the annual effective doses to personnel at these centres were below the ICRP recommended dose of 20 mSv per annum. However, the Managements of these diagnostic centres should provide monitoring devices for their radiation workers in line with NNRA authorization requirements.

Pregnancy in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Cheney ◽  
Logan L. Vincent ◽  
James M. McCabe ◽  
Kathleen E. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Concerns over radiation exposure are ubiquitous to all interventional cardiologists; however, fear of exposure during childbearing years disproportionately deters women from entering the field. This review summarizes the available data on occupational radiation exposure during pregnancy with an emphasis on radiation quantification, the impact of exposure at various stages of fetal development, societal recommendations for safe levels of exposure during gestation, threshold levels necessary to induce fetal harm, and safe practices for the pregnant interventionalist. Reconciling the available information, we conclude that pregnancy in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is both safe and feasible. This review also highlights new technologies that may augment standard radiation safety techniques and are of particular interest to the pregnant interventional cardiologist. Finally, we propose steps to improve female representation in this field, underscoring the importance of a sex-balanced workforce.

scholarly journals Digital orthodontic radiographic set versus cone-beam computed tomography: an evaluation of the effective dose

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Atsumi Simabuguro Chinem ◽  
Beatriz de Souza Vilella ◽  
Cláudia Lúcia de Pinho Maurício ◽  
Lucia Viviana Canevaro ◽  
Luiz Fernando Deluiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
New York ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantom ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Optimization Principle ◽  
Effective Doses

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the equivalent and effective doses of different digital radiographic methods (panoramic, lateral cephalometric and periapical) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Precalibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed at 24 locations in an anthropomorphic phantom (Alderson Rando Phantom, Alderson Research Laboratories, New York, NY, USA), representing a medium sized adult. The following devices were tested: Heliodent Plus (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany), Orthophos XG 5 (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany) and i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA). The equivalent doses and effective doses were calculated considering the recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued in 1990 and 2007. Results: Although the effective dose of the radiographic set corresponded to 17.5% (ICRP 1990) and 47.2% (ICRP 2007) of the CBCT dose, the equivalent doses of skin, bone surface and muscle obtained by the radiographic set were higher when compared to CBCT. However, in some areas, the radiation produced by the orthodontic set was higher due to the complete periapical examination. Conclusion: Considering the optimization principle of radiation protection, i-CAT tomography should be used only in specific and justified circumstances. Additionally, following the ALARA principle, single periapical radiographies covering restricted areas are more suitable than the complete periapical examination.

scholarly journals Effective Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Cardiac Catheterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios ◽  
Hugo Camacho-Galán ◽  
Francisco Medina-Camacho ◽  
Dolores Cañadas-Pruaño ◽  
Antonio Jimenez-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Procedural Complications ◽  
Area Product

Exposure to ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization can have harmful consequences for patients and for the medical staff involved in the procedures. Minimizing radiation doses during the procedures is essential. We investigated whether fine-tuning the radiation protocol reduces radiation doses in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. In January 2016, we implemented a new protocol with reduced radiation doses in the Hospital de Jerez catheterization laboratory. We analyzed 170 consecutive coronary interventional procedures (85 of which were performed after the new protocol was implemented) and the personal dosimeters of the interventional cardiologists who performed the procedures. Overall, the low-radiation protocol reduced air kerma (dose of radiation) by 44.9% (95% CI, 18.4%–70.8%; P=0.001). The dose-area product decreased by 61% (95% CI, 30.2%–90.1%; P <0.001) during percutaneous coronary interventions. We also found that the annual deep (79%, P=0.026) and shallow (62.2%, P=0.035) radiation doses to which primary operators were exposed decreased significantly under the low-radiation protocol. These dose reductions were achieved without increasing the volume of contrast media, fluoroscopy time, or rates of procedural complications, and without reducing the productivity of the laboratory. Optimizing the radiation safety protocol effectively reduced radiation exposure in patients and operators during cardiac catheterization procedures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of radiation exposure from fluoroscopic examination in small animal veterinary staff using thermoluminescent dosimeters

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
J An ◽  
S Lim ◽  
S Lee ◽  
H Kim ◽  
K Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Fluoroscopic Examination ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Occupational Radiation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occupational radiation exposure levels of veterinary staff during fluoroscopic examination using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). A prospective study was conducted to measure radiation doses in three positioned persons (two restrainers and one observer) using TLDs. The TLDs were placed on the inside and outside of the lead-equivalent protective devices of the panorama mask, thyroid shield, apron and arm shield. The TLDs were placed at five anatomic sites (eye, thyroid, breast, gonad and hand). Radiation exposure was measured in 65 fluoroscopic examinations at 80 kVp and 100 mAs. The doses (mSv) (outside/inside the shield) measured in restrainers A and B and observer C were 3.09/0.59, 3.80/0.65 and 0.63/0.44 in the eye; 2.20/0.73, 1.88/1.10 and 0.79/0.45 in the thyroid; 3.42/0.44, 3.94/2.35 and 0.61/0.34 in the breast; 1.84/0.45, 1.69/0.23 and 0.46/0.36 in the gonad; and 5.56/3.16, 8.29/2.99 and 0.79/0.34 in the hand, respectively. Out of all the lead protection devices, the radiation dose of the hand was the highest in all three participants, with the thyroid radiation dose value being the same as the hand in the observer C. Radiation doses received by the eyes of all three participants were also not negligible. Veterinary workers exposed to radiation through not only radiography but also fluoroscopy should wear protective gear, especially for the eyes.

scholarly journals Effective Dose to Children during Cardiac Catheterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Aleya Begum ◽  
RK Khan ◽  
Kamrul Alam ◽  
A Hoque ◽  
Amena Begum
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Fluoroscopic Time ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Pace Maker

The purpose of this study was to assess the effective dose received by children during cardiac procedures. 6 children from 3 to 14 years old who underwent coronary angiogram, cardiac catheterization and pulmonary valvuloplasty treatment were included in the present study. Measurement of effective doses of the paediatric cardiac patients was performed in four catheterization laboratories in three hospitals. Harshaw TLD badges (TLD-100, LiF: Mg, Ti) were used on patients to measure effective dose in the catheterization laboratory. The TLD badges were calibrated from Secondary Standard Dosimetery Laboratory. It is found that the highest dose was 2.01 mSv in 5.4 minute fluoroscopic time during peripheral angiogram and primary pace maker procedure and the lowest effective dose was 0.044 mSv in 1.2 minute fluoroscopic time during coronary angiography performed in the same hospital. The highest fluoroscopic time (18:14 min) was taken to perform a cardiac catheterization and pulmonary valvuloplasty procedure and the dose was 0.781 mSv. During cardiac catheterization children were exposed to high levels of radiation but there was a variant in dosage. Careful consideration should be given to minimize dosage by practicing ALARA principle. This type of study may lead cardiologist and scientist to improve necessary safety measures to be taken to reduce the exposure to patients and occupational worker. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14704 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 145-147

Estimation of annual occupational effective doses from external ionising radiation at medical institutions in Kenya

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K Korir ◽  
Jeska S Wambani ◽  
Ian K. Korir
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Characteristic ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Occupational Radiation

This study details the distribution and trends of doses from occupational radiation exposure among radiation workers from participating medical institutions in Kenya, where monthly dose measurements were collected for a period of one year (January to December 2007) using thermoluminescent dosimeters. A total of 367 medical radiation workers were monitored, comprising 27% radiologists, 2% oncologists, 4% dentists, 5% physicists, 45% technologists, 4% nurses, 3% film processor technicians, 4% auxiliary staff, and 5% radiology office staff. The average annual effective dose for all subjects ranged from 1.19 to 2.52 mSv. Among these workers, technologists received the largest annual effective dose. The study forms the initiation stage of wider, comprehensive and more frequent monitoring of occupational radiation exposures and long-term investigations into its accumulation patterns, which could form the basis of future records on the detrimental effects of radiation, characteristic of workers in the medical sector, and other co-factors in a developing country such as Kenya.

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