Airport Spatial Usability in Measuring the Spherical Antenna Properties on Small Aircraft

The strict safety requirements of air transport for nonstandard placement of electronic onboard systems require an innovative approach to the experimental verification of the placement of these devices. Particular attention is required to the location of these electronic devices’ antenna systems on the fuselage. A prerequisite for determining the location of the antenna and verifying its radiation is a thorough knowledge of the radio communication transmission of onboard electronic systems in cooperation with terrestrial or satellite systems. From this point of view, this article focuses on an innovative method of verifying the spherical radiation characteristics of the antenna of an onboard rescue system emergency locator transmitter (ELT) to assess its communication link with the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system. The measurement is performed on a small sports two-seater aircraft with an antenna placed in an unusual place in the aircraft’s cabin, between the seats. It was impossible to use a suitable nonreflective attenuation chamber for the measurement, so we present a method and procedure for this type of measurement in the open space of an airport. The achieved results prove the plausibility and reproducibility of the measurement. Furthermore, combining several polar radiation characteristics makes it possible to obtain an idea, even if only a part, of the spatial (spherical) radiation characteristic. This article presents a simple method of measuring the characteristics of aircraft antennas when it is not possible to use a suitable professional nonreflective attenuation chamber for measurements for various reasons. This method can also be used on other larger means of transport or other objects that experience the same problem.

Square Monopole Microstrip Antenna for Quad Band Operation

In this paper the square monopole microstrip antenna with slot on the radiating patch is presented for multiband operation. The antenna has a volume of 80×80×16 mm3. The antenna is fabricated using the modified glass epoxy substrate material. The antenna operates between the frequency range of 2.9 GHz to 10.87 GHz. The radiation characteristic is broadside and the peak gain of about 5.1dB is obtained in its operating frequency. The design details are tabulated and the results are presented and discussed. This antenna may find its applications in WLAN and Wi-max communication applications.

A Computational Model for the Radiated Kinetic Molecular Postulate of Fluid-Originated Nanomaterial Liquid Flow in the Induced Magnetic Flux Regime

The performance of mass transfer rate, friction drag, and heat transfer rate is illustrated in the boundary layer flow region via induced magnetic flux. In this recent analysis, the Buongiorno model is introduced to inspect the induced magnetic flux and radiative and convective kinetic molecular theory of liquid-initiated nanoliquid flow near the stagnant point. The energy equation is modified by radiation efficacy using the application of the Rosseland approximation. Through similarity variables, the available formulated partial differential equations are promoted into the nondimensional structure. The variation of the induced magnetic field near the wall goes up, and very far away, it decays when the size of the radiation characteristic ascends. The velocity amplitude expands by enlargement in the amount of the magnetic parameter, mixed convection, thermophoresis parameter, and fluid characteristic. The nanoparticle concentration reduces if the reciprocal of the magnetic Prandtl number expands. The temperature spectrum declines by enhancing the amount of the magnetic parameter. Drag friction decreases by the increment in the values of radiation and thermophoresis parameters. Heat transport rate increases when there is an increase in the values of Brownian and magnetic parameters. Mass transfer rate increases when there is incline in the values of the magnetic Prandtl and fluid parameter.

Compact Design of Annular-Microstrip-Fed mmW Antenna Arrays

In this paper, a series of four novel microstrip antenna array designs based on different annular-microstrip feeding lines at 60-GHz millimeter wave (mmW) band are proposed, aiming at the potential usage of the mmW coverage antenna with multi-directional property. As the feeding network, the annular contour microstrip lines are employed to connect the patch units so as to form a more compact array. Our first design is to use an outer contour annular microstrip line to connect four-direction linear arrays composed of 1 × 3 rectangular patches, thus the gain of 8.4 dBi and bandwidth of over 300 MHz are obtained. Our second design is to apply the two-direction pitchfork-shaped array each made up of two same linear arrays as the above, therefore the gain of 9.65 dBi and bandwidth of around 250 MHz are achieved. Our third design is to employ dual (inner and outer contour) annular-microstrip feeding lines to interconnect the above four-direction linear arrays, while our fourth design is to bring bridged annular-microstrip feeding lines, both of which can realize the goal of multi-directional radiation characteristic and higher gain of over 10 dBi.

Wideband MIMO antenna for SCADA Wireless Communication Backhaul Application

A wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with common elements suitable for SCADA wireless communication backhaul application which is operating frequency of 0.85-2.6GHz that can cover global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900MHz and 1.8GHz, The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) 2GHz, Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2.6GHz is proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna system consists of four microstrip feedline with common radiating element and a frame shaped ground plane. A single port antenna also was designed and presented in this paper to show the process to design wideband MIMO antenna structure. The radiator of the MIMO antenna system is designed as the shape of modified rectangle with straight line at each corner to enhance the bandwidth frequency. To improve the isolation between ports, the ground plane is modified by inserting four L-slots in each corner to reduce mutual coupling. For an antenna efficiency of more than 60%, the simulated reflection coefficients are below -10dB for all ports at expected frequency. Simulated isolation is achieved greater than -10dB by using a modified ground plane. Also, a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.1 and polarization diversity gain of about 10dB with the orthogonal mode of linear polarization and omnidirectional pattern during the analysis of the radiation characteristic are achieved. Therefore, the proposed design can be used for SCADA wireless communication backhaul application.