Pleuroperitoneal true diaphragmatic hernia of the liver in a cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Mehmet Pilli ◽  
Fatma E. Özgencil ◽  
Deniz Seyrek-Intas ◽  
Cagri Gültekin ◽  
Kürsad Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Median Laparotomy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase Activity

AbstractA 2-year old female domestic shorthair cat was referred with intermittent vomiting. Laboratory analyses revealed only an elevated alanine aminotransferase activity. Plain thoracic radiographs showed a right-sided transdiaphragm protrusion of a liver lobe into the thoracic cavity. On abdominal ultrasound the diaphragm and liver parenchyma also presented a bulge towards the thoracic cavity. By cranial median laparotomy herniation of the quadrate liver lobe through the right aspect of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity was confirmed. The protruding quadrate liver lobe was covered by intact parietal peritoneum. Following relocation of the liver lobe the defect was closed. Postoperatively the intermittent vomiting stopped. The purpose of this case report was to present plain radiography and abdominal ultrasonography as effective tools in the diagnosis of this rare and usually asymptomatic true herniation case along with its operative treatment.

Cholecystopexy and Pericardial Pseudocyst Removal in a Dog with a Congenital Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Cabon ◽  
Eric Norman Carmel ◽  
Julien Cabassu
Keyword(s):  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
Median Laparotomy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cystic Masses ◽  
Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia

ABSTRACT A 4 mo old spayed female golden retriever was presented with a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) that was diagnosed during neutering. Echocardiography revealed a fluid-filled structure and parts of the liver in the pericardial cavity. Computed tomography confirmed the existence of the PPDH and the herniation of the right medial liver lobe and the gallbladder. Cystic masses were observed in the pericardial and the peritoneal cavities, possibly communicating through the PPDH. A median laparotomy revealed a single lobulated cystic lesion extending into both the pericardial and peritoneal cavities through the PPDH. Because of the nonviable aspect of some parts of the liver parenchyma, the gallbladder was dissected from the fossa, and the central division of the liver was resected. A cholecystopexy was performed on the diaphragm to limit gallbladder mobility. The PPDH was closed in the standard fashion. Histopathology of the cystic structure was compatible with a pericardial pseudocyst. Two months postoperatively, the dog was healthy, and the results of blood biochemistry and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. A pericardial pseudocyst can be associated with a PPDH in young dogs. Moreover, cholecystopexy appears to be a safe and effective method of limiting gallbladder mobility after resection of the central hepatic division.

Ultrasonographic examination of liver and spleen of normal adult spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uiase Bin Farooq ◽  
Adarsh Kumar ◽  
Rajni Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Splenic Parenchyma ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

The main objective of this study was to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks for locating liver and spleen and to generate sonographic calliper measurements along with dynamic parameters of these organs. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 50 native adult (Spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules) healthy unsedated equines of either sex. The thickness, character and echo-architecture of liver and spleen were recorded. In horses, the right lobe of liver was found from 8th to 15th intercostal space (ICS) and left lobe from 6th to 11th (±1) ICS, while in mules the right liver lobe was found between 6th to 15th (±1) ICS and left lobe between 6th to 9th (±1) ICS. The liver was recognized by its branching vasculature and architecture was found relatively homogenous. In addition ventral edges were distinctly sharp. Spleen was found from 8th to 17th ICS both in horses as well as in mules. The splenic parenchyma was homogenously granular in appearance with few blood vessels and most echogenic organ in the abdominal cavity of equines. The only measurement that was reliably obtained was the central thickness or depth of the spleen, which varied from 41.4 to 68.4 mm (Mean± SE= 50.84±4.61 mm) in horses and 37.9 to 51.6 mm (Mean± SE = 42.76±2.34 mm) in mules. Therefore detailed ultrasonographic examination of liver and spleen helped us to compile baseline data, which will be helpful in management of the affections of liver and spleen in future.

scholarly journals Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver with a rare infiltration of the adrenal gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
K. Šimeková ◽  
R. Rosoľanka ◽  
M. Szilágyová ◽  
D. Antolová ◽  
E. Nováková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pain Complaint ◽  
The Right

SummaryHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a silently-progressing disorder that has become a threat in many countries. Since 2000, when the first case was recorded, the number of human AE patients in Slovakia is on continuous raise. The article presents a rare case of alveolar echinococcosis with infiltration in the adrenal gland and discusses the problems associated with differential diagnosis of the disease. In 2016, abdominal ultrasound performed due abdominal pain complaint showed the presence of cystic lesions in the right liver lobe of 54-year old female patient. During surgery, another lesion in the right adrenal gland was found, and neoplastic processes or echinococcosis were considered in the differential diagnosis. Due to unclear correlation between radiology, serology and histopathology results and endemic situation in Slovakia, molecular examination was recommended. Subsequently E. multilocularis was confirmed as etiological agent of infection. Alveolar echinococcosis is considered as a rare disease, with very few patients referred to clinicians or hospitals that sometimes have almost none existing experience with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, the establishment of networks or reference centres specialized on management of the disease would be suitable way to provide the patients with the best care and improve the disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

scholarly journals Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
Hepatic Neoplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Work

Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the liver can be key in the diagnosis of diseases such as hepatic lipidosis and hepatic neoplasia. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. When assessing the liver via ultrasound, a diffuse alteration in liver echogenicity may be difficult to detect unless the change is marked and, although comparisons can be made with the spleen and kidneys, this relies on these organs being normal. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Aim: This review, the first in an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased liver, with focus on the liver parenchyma. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Ultrasound-guided sampling of the liver is also covered. Future articles will discuss the biliary tree and hepatic vascular anomalies. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

scholarly journals Abdominal Ultrasonography and Radiography Diagnosis in Preterm Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
S Tuya ◽  
Ch Battulga ◽  
TS Tsogtsolmaa ◽  
M Tumennasan ◽  
N Davaatseren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Pneumatosis Intestinalis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Group I ◽  
Free Air

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. To explore whether abdominal ultrasound (AUS) provide additional information over plain radiography in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Materials & Methods: This study is a prospective study of 30 premature neonates with NEC in our neonatal intensive care unit between September 2013 and November 2014. Fifteen premature control neonates were also included in the study.Results: Patients were classified into two groups: the first group with suspected NEC (stage I) (n = 14) and the second with definite NEC (stage II or III) (n = 16). In group I abdominal ultrasound (AUS) revealed intramural air (n = 9) and portal venous gas (PVG) (n = 1) while plain radiography showed only gaseous distension. In group II, intramural air (n = 10), PVG (n = 2), free fluid (n = 6) focal fluid (n = 1) and free air (n = 6) detected by AUS compared to pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) (n = 2) PVG (n = 1) and free air (n = 5) by plain radiography. Additionally bowel wall thinning was detected in 2 neonates of group I and 3 of group II.Conclusion: Our results suggest AUS to be superior to plain radiography in early detection of complication as intestinal perforation by eliciting PVG and fluid collection and so early surgical management. Therefore this may decrease morbidity and mortality rates.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(2): 47-53, 2015 (July)

Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The biliary tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Operator Experience

Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. The biliary tree encompasses the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, although only diseases affecting the latter two are discussed here. Diseases of the bile ducts and gall bladder are more common than those of the liver parenchyma and ultrasound plays an important role in their diagnosis. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. In addition, a lack of pathological change does not necessarily rule out disease; for example, absence of gall bladder and/or extrahepatic biliary distension is not sufficient to exclude the possibility of biliary obstruction, and in many cases of cholangitis the liver and biliary tree are unremarkable on ultrasound examination. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the appearance of the normal and diseased biliary system. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis is also covered. Ultrasound examination of the liver was discussed in an article published in January 2019 and an upcoming article will cover hepatic vascular anomalies. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

Gallbladder and Liver Lobe Torsion in a Young Cat Presented with Hemoabdomen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre P. Picavet ◽  
Pierre-André Vidal ◽  
Géraldine Bolen ◽  
Kris Gommeren ◽  
Stéphanie Noël
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Surgical Stapler ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Gallbladder Torsion ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT An 11 mo old domestic shorthair presented with acute lethargy. The cat was hypothermic and bradycardic and had pale pink mucous membranes, poor pulses, and a distended abdomen. Point-of-care ultrasound identified significant abdominal effusion, which was diagnosed to be a hemoabdomen. Bloodwork revealed hyperlactatemia, regenerative anemia, neutrophilia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased alanine aminotransferase. The cat received an allotransfusion and a subsequent canine xenotransfusion and received further supportive therapy. After stabilization, abdominal ultrasonography diagnosed a gallbladder and liver lobe torsion with hemoabdomen. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the torsion of the right medial and quadrate hepatic lobes together with the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy and lobectomy of the affected lobes were performed using a surgical stapler. The cat was discharged after 4 days. Histopathology confirmed hemorrhagic infarction of the liver lobes and gallbladder, consistent with the described torsion, and the hepatic pseudocyst. It also demonstrated a mucocele in the gallbladder. One month postoperatively, the cat had totally recovered. Hepatic lobe torsion without neoplasia is a rare disease in cats, with variable clinical signs. Gallbladder torsion is a hitherto unreported condition in cats. This is the first report of gallbladder and liver lobe torsion with secondary hemoabdomen in a cat, successfully treated by one-stage surgery.

Single hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) larger than 4 cm usually occur in the right liver lobe in the absence of cirrhosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A261-A261
Author(s):  
F CETTA ◽  
M ZUCKERMANN ◽  
G ERCOLANI ◽  
G MONTALTO ◽  
M GORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinomas ◽  
The Right

Popliteal artery thrombosis secondary to a tibial osteochondroma

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gruber-Szydlo ◽  
Poreba ◽  
Belowska-Bien ◽  
Derkacz ◽  
Badowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Artery Thrombosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Popliteal artery thrombosis may present as a complication of an osteochondroma located in the vicinity of the knee joint. This is a case report of a 26-year-old man with symptoms of the right lower extremity ischaemia without a previous history of vascular disease or trauma. Plain radiography, magnetic resonance angiography and Doppler ultrasonography documented the presence of an osteochondrous structure of the proximal tibial metaphysis, which displaced and compressed the popliteal artery, causing its occlusion due to intraluminal thrombosis..The patient was operated and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma.

Clinical case of breast tumor relapse in domestic cat

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Grechko ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila F. Bodrova ◽  
Dmitriy K. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Low Grade

Domestic shorthair 10-year-old cat, not sterilized, not vaccinated, feeding from the table. We went to the clinic with breast cancer. General and special research methods were performed: blood analysis, x-ray examination of the lungs and abdominal ultrasound. Based on anamnesis and clinical examination, the diagnosis was made: a malignant breast tumor. The operation was performed. The operating material is sent for histological examination. Chemotherapy was prescribed. After the fi rst chemotherapy and monitoring of the animal's condition, it was necessary to perform a second unilateral mastoectomy of the remaining mammary glands, but the animal's owners refused to perform the operation. Chemotherapy was performed twice. Re-applied, after a year and a half with a sharp deterioration in the General condition and the appearance of a new tumor on the non-removed mammary glands. The owners refused the necessary treatment and decided to euthanize the cat. At the autopsy, breast neoplasms are presented as tubercles of various sizes. There are pronounced signs of inflammation, ulceration and necrosis foci. In the chest cavity, the lungs are enlarged, there were single and multiple formations of white and brown color, round shape of different diameters, dense consistency. There is a large number of metastases in the liver parenchyma. The organ is enlarged in size, dark brown in color, irregularly colored, with an uneven (bumpy) surface. In General, there are many dense nodes of a round-oval shape of white color, of various diameters. Histological examination of the tumor revealed foci of necrosis, atypical glandular complexes with frequently occurring mitosis figures. This structure indicates a low-grade breast adenocarcinoma. In the lungs, there is an expansion of the alveoli and bronchioles, thinning and rupture of the interalveolar partitions. There is a complex of tumor cells. In the liver, there is a lack of structural units of the liver, hepatocytes disperse chaotically, liver triads do not have a clear localization, atrophy and necrosis are expressed. Metastases in the liver, various forms. In a cat, a breast tumor interpreted as an adenocarcinoma had different biological behavior. At the initial diagnosis-adenocarcinoma of medium differentiation, and a year and a half later-low-grade adenocarcinoma.

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