Interindividual differences in cognitive flexibility: Influence of gray-matter volume, functional connectivity and trait impulsivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Müller ◽  
R Langner ◽  
EC Cieslik ◽  
C Rottschy ◽  
S Eickhoff
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Functional ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

scholarly journals Neural correlates of prenatal stress in young women

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Favaro ◽  
E. Tenconi ◽  
D. Degortes ◽  
R. Manara ◽  
P. Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Postnatal Stress

BackgroundPrenatal stress is hypothesized to have a disruptive impact on neurodevelopmental trajectories, but few human studies have been conducted on the long-term neural correlates of prenatal exposure to stress. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between prenatal stress exposure and gray-matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity in a sample of 35 healthy women aged 14–40 years.MethodVoxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analyses were performed on the whole brain and in specific regions of interest (hippocampus and amygdala). Data about prenatal/postnatal stress and obstetric complications were obtained by interviewing participants and their mothers, and reviewing obstetric records.ResultsHigher prenatal stress was associated with decreased gray-matter volume in the left medial temporal lobe (MTL) and both amygdalae, but not the hippocampus. Variance in gray-matter volume of these brain areas significantly correlated with depressive symptoms, after statistically adjusting for the effects of age, postnatal stress and obstetric complications. Prenatal stress showed a positive linear relationship with functional connectivity between the left MTL and the pregenual cortex. Moreover, connectivity between the left MTL and the left medial-orbitofrontal cortex partially explained variance in the depressive symptoms of offspring.ConclusionsIn young women, exposure to prenatal stress showed a relationship with the morphometry and functional connectivity of brain areas involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. These data provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis that early exposure to stress affects brain development and identified the MTL and amygdalae as possible targets of such exposure.

scholarly journals Brain structural and functional anomalies associated with simultanagnosia in patients with posterior cortical atrophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Cui ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Caishui Yang ◽  
Chunlei Cui ◽  
Donglai Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Posterior Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

AbstractSimultanagnosia is a common symptom of posterior cortical atrophy, and its association with brain structural and functional changes remains unclear. In our study, 18 posterior cortical atrophy patients with simultanagnosia, 29 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 20 cognitively normal controls were recruited and subjected to full neuropsychological evaluation, including simultanagnosia tests, and structural and resting-state functional MRI. The gray matter volume was assessed by voxel-based morphometry, while the intrinsic functional connectivity was evaluated using the reduced gray matter volume regions of interest as the seed. In contrast to the patients with Alzheimer’s disease, those with posterior cortical atrophy showed the following: (1) markedly lower simultanagnosia test scores, (2) an altered regional gray matter volume of the left middle occipital gyrus and ventral occipital areas, and (3) lowered intrinsic functional connectivity with the left middle occipital gyrus, left lingual gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus separately. Additionally, the gray matter volume of the left middle occipital gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus were each correlated with simultanagnosia in posterior cortical atrophy patients. The intrinsic functional connectivity of the left middle occipital gyrus with the right superior occipital gyrus and that of the right middle occipital gyrus with the left superior parietal gyrus were also correlated with simultanagnosia in posterior cortical atrophy patients. In summary, this study indicated that simultanagnosia is associated with gray matter reductions and decreased functional connectivity in the left middle occipital gyrus and the left inferior occipital gyrus in patients with posterior cortical atrophy.

Altered gray matter volume, cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in chronic stroke patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peifang Miao ◽  
Caihong Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Sen Wei ◽  
Chunshan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Matter Volume

Sleep characteristics, cognitive performance, and gray matter volume: findings from the BiDirect Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Hermesdorf ◽  
András Szentkirályi ◽  
Henning Teismann ◽  
Inga Teismann ◽  
Peter Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Physiological Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep is essential for restorative metabolic changes and its physiological correlates can be examined using overnight polysomnography. However, the association between physiological sleep characteristics and brain structure is not well understood. We aimed to investigate gray matter volume and cognitive performance related to physiological sleep characteristics. Methods Polysomnographic recordings from 190 community-dwelling participants were analyzed with a principal component analysis in order to identify and aggregate shared variance into principal components. The relationship between aggregated sleep components and gray matter volume was then analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we explored how cognitive flexibility, selective attention, and semantic fluency were related to aggregated sleep components and gray matter volume. Results Three principal components were identified from the polysomnographic recordings. The first component, primarily described by apnea events and cortical arousal, was significantly associated with lower gray matter volume in the left frontal pole. This apnea-related component was furthermore associated with lower cognitive flexibility and lower selective attention. Conclusions Sleep disrupted by cortical arousal and breathing disturbances is paralleled by lower gray matter volume in the frontal pole, a proposed hub for the integration of cognitive processes. The observed effects provide new insights on the interplay between disrupted sleep, particularly breathing disturbances and arousal, and the brain.

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