A Model for Medical Knowledge Representation Application to the Analysis of Descriptive Pathology Reports

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Smart ◽  
M. Roux
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Cardinality Constraints ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Set Inclusion ◽  
Relation Type ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Type Hierarchy

Abstract:A new knowledge-representation system is presented, designed for medical knowledge-based applications and in particular for the analysis of descriptive medical reports. Knowledge is represented at two levels. A definitional level uses a concept-type hierarchy, a relation-type hierarchy, and a set of schematic graphs to define the concepts used and the relations between them, as well as different types of cardinality restrictions on these relations. A set of compositional hierarchies using the classic “has-part” relation as well as a new set-inclusion relation allows concept composition to be precisely defined. An assertional level allows the creation and manipulation of empirical data, in the form of graphs using the concepts, relations, and constraints defined at the definition level. The use of cardinality constraints in graph unification is considered in the context of descriptive medical discourse analysis.

scholarly journals Corpo de mulher: a trajetória do desconhecido na Bahia do século XIX

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renilda BARRETO
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
De Medicina

Este trabalho, de natureza historiográfica, pretende discutir a forma de organização do saber médico na Bahia do século XIX em torno do corpo feminino. Este período revela a emergência do saber médico, fundamentado no espírito de cientificidade oitocentista, em contraposição às práticas seculares de curas, respaldadas no saber popular. O texto foi produzido a partir das consultas a fontes primárias, tais como as publicações da Gazeta Médica da Bahia, jornais e periódicos de circulação em Salvador, no período em questão; Memórias Históricas da Faculdade de Medicina; teses de conclusão de curso; os discursos proferidos na Câmara Municipal; relatórios médicos da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Salvador, dentre outros documentos reveladores da construção do saber médico na Bahia do século XIX. A análise aqui desenvolvida está ancorada na história social da medicina e do corpo. Abstract This historical study aims at the discussion about how medical knowledge of the female body was organized in Bahia in the 19th century. That period reveals the emergence of medical knowledge based on the scientific spirit of the 1800’s as opposed to old healing practices supported by popular perceptions. The text was produced from research into primary sources such as issues of Gazeta Médica da Bahia (Medical Journal of Bahia) and periodicals available in Salvador during that time; Memórias Histórias da Faculdade de Medicina (Medical School Historical Memories); graduation theses; speeches given to the City Counsil; medical reports from Santa Casa de Misericórdia (a charity institution) in Salvador, among others. These documents show how medical knowledge was constructed in Bahia in the 19th century. The analysis is based on social history of medicine and the body.

The Entextualization of Ayurveda as Intellectual Property

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wolfgram
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article documents the practices of pharmaceutical creativity in Ayurveda, focusing in particular on how practitioners appropriate multiple sources to innovate medical knowledge. Drawing on research in linguistic anthropology on the social circulation of discourse—a process calledentextualization—I describe how the ways in which Ayurveda practitioners innovate medical knowledge confounds the dichotomous logic of intellectual property (IP) rights discourse, which opposes traditional collective knowledge and modern individual innovation. While it is clear that these categories do not comprehend the complex nature of creativity in Ayurveda, I also use the concept of entextualization to describe how recent historical shifts in the circulation of discourse have caused a partial entailment of this opposition between the individual and the collectivity. Ultimately, I argue that the method exemplified in this article of tracking the social circulation of medical discourse highlights both the empirical complexity of so-called traditional creativity, and the politics of imposing the categories of IP rights discourse upon that creativity, situated as it often is, at the margins of the global economy.

Biography as Scenario

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Maria Mandrik ◽  
Sergey Arustamov
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Primary Key ◽  
Descriptive Knowledge ◽  
Data Scheme

Purely descriptive knowledge appears to have a structure that can be formalized using the newly developed tool of dynamic knowledge representation, the event bush. In its framework, a singular biography can be transformed into a knowledge-based system with an opportunity of creation of a database. However, the very approach to the database design may undergo quite a change thereafter. This change may concern the concept of primary key, composition of data scheme, and other fundamental issues of database design.

Knowledge-Based Induction of Clinical Prediction Rules

2011 ◽  
pp. 350-375
Author(s):  
Mila Kwiatkowska ◽  
M. Stella Atkins ◽  
Les Matthews ◽  
Najib T. Ayas ◽  
C. Frank Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Clinical Prediction Rules ◽  
Prediction Rules ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter describes how to integrate medical knowledge with purely inductive (data-driven) methods for the creation of clinical prediction rules. It addresses three issues: representation of medical knowledge, secondary analysis of medical data, and evaluation of automatically induced predictive models in the context of existing knowledge. To address the complexity of the domain knowledge, the authors have introduced a semio-fuzzy framework, which has its theoretical foundations in semiotics and fuzzy logic. This integrative framework has been applied to the creation of clinical prediction rules for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, a serious and under-diagnosed respiratory disorder. The authors use a semio-fuzzy approach (1) to construct a knowledge base for the definition of diagnostic criteria, predictors, and existing prediction rules; (2) to describe and analyze data sets used in the data mining process; and (3) to interpret the induced models in terms of confirmation, contradiction, and contribution to existing knowledge.

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