Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

scholarly journals Anticoagulation in Cardiopulmonary Bypass

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas Kisker ◽  
John A. Young ◽  
Donald B. Doty ◽  
Barbara J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Activated Clotting Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Prolonging the activated clotting time (ACT) 2 to 3 times normal is said to provide a “safe” level of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass. To test this level of anticoagulation 9 monkeys were anticoagulated with heparin at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass so that ACT’s ranged from 201 sec to > 1000 sec (normal 91 sec). ACT, platelet count (P), fibrinogen (F), and fibrin monomer (FM) were measured at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes during bypass. Antithrombin III (AT3) was measured before and after bypass. Six monkeys developed increased FM indicating active coagulation beginning from 10 to 60 minutes on bypass. ACT’s were > 200 sec in all animals at the time of FM detection. P fell below 100,000/mm3 in the 6 animals with elevated FM, but remained above 100,000/mm3 in the other 3 animals. The mean value of AT3 (69%) decreased to 24.4% after bypass in the 6 animals with elevated FM, but was 61% after bypass in the others. Scanning electron microscopy of the oxygenator membranes showed significant amounts of fibrin on the membranes used in monkeys who developed increased FM levels, but not on those with normal FM concentrations. F decreased from 167 mgm/dl to 80.5 mgm/dl in monkeys with elevated FM and to 117 mgm/dl in those with normal FM concentrations. Excessive bleeding did not occur in the animals without increased FM although ACT’s were in excess of 1000 sec. Subsequently three human subjects on cardiopulmonary bypass whose ACT’s were maintained above 400 sec have not shown increased FM levels. The results suggest that prolonging the ACT more than 2 - 3 times normal is required to prevent activation of clotting during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Respiratory quotients of human kidney in vivo

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl S. Barker ◽  
Archer P. Crosley ◽  
John K. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urine Formation ◽  
Analytical Errors

Renal respiratory quotient (RQ) has been calculated from data collected in unanesthetized human subjects. In contrast to RQ recently reported on anesthetized dogs, these data do not indicate a mean value greater than 1. Under control conditions in 24 subjects, renal RQ calculated without special corrections averaged 0.88. Correcting for differences in blood flow between renal artery and vein due to urine formation the mean was 0.73, with 95% confidence limits 0.49–0.97. With alkaline urines an additional correction for urinary excretion of CO2 is advised. Excluding procedures known to alkalinize the urine, RQ values were similar in 46 observations after a variety of experimental procedures. Since both numerator and denominator of the ratio involve small differences between large values, small analytical errors can produce large changes indistinguishable from physiologic variation. Therefore mean values rather than individual observations are stressed. While such values in our data appear similar to RQ for other organs and the whole body, they do not preclude considerable anaerobic metabolism. Submitted on August 9, 1962

Attitude and Practice Towards Aflatoxin Contamination in Food and Sociodemographic Factors Contributed Toward Urinary AFM1 Occurrence Among Residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Husna Sulaiman ◽  
Wei Lin Chang ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohd Redzwan Sabran
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Aflatoxin occurrence could be affected by several factors. This study aimed to assess the association between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards aflatoxin and sociodemographic factors with urinary AFM1 occurrence among residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy Malaysian adults aged 18 to 60 years in six subdistricts of Hulu Langat, Selangor. Sociodemographic factors and KAP towards aflatoxin were assessed via questionnaires while morning urine sample was collected for AFM 1 analysis. Of 444 respondents, the urinary AFM 1 level was detected in 199 samples (detection rate = 44.8 %). From 37 positive samples with AFM 1 level above the detection limit of 0.64 ng/ml, the mean value was 1.23 ± 0.91 ng/ml with a range of 0.65 – 5.34 ng/ml (median = 0.89 ng/ml). The variables were examined based on the occurrence of urinary AFM 1 biomarker. Results: Findings showed that there were significant differences in urinary AFM1 occurrence across ethnicity ( p <0.01), age group ( p <0.05), monthly household income ( p <0.01), as well as attitude ( p <0.01) and practice ( p <0.05) towards aflatoxin contamination in food. Binomial logistic regression confirmed that ethnicity and monthly household income were the factors contributing to urinary aflatoxin occurrence ( p <0.01). Chinese were 3.20 times more likely to have aflatoxin exposure than the non-Chinese. Detected urinary AFM 1 was more common among household with income more than RM 1500 monthly. Conclusion: The results provided an insight to explain the variation in aflatoxin occurrence among the population. Trial registration: Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM), project number: FPSK (EXP16) P047

Ventilatory responses to dead space and CO2 breathing under inspiratory resistive load

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sidney ◽  
C. S. Poon
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Ventilatory Pattern ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal

To investigate how breathing is controlled during CO2 stimulation, steady-state ventilatory responses to rebreathing through a tube (DS) and inspiring a fixed PCO2 (INH) were compared in healthy human subjects. Tests were performed in hyperoxia with (IRL) and without (NL) an inspiratory resistive load (15 cmH2O.l–1.s at 1 l/s). The mean slope of the minute ventilation (VE)-end-tidal PCO2 relationship was significantly higher in DS-IRL than in INH-IRL [1.86 +/- 0.67 (SD) vs. 1.40 +/- 0.32 l.min-1.Torr-1, P < 0.01], and it was significantly different between INH-NL and INH-IRL (1.64 +/- 0.41 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.32 l.min-1.Torr-1, P < 0.05) but not between DS-NL and DS-IRL (1.85 +/- 0.72 vs. 1.86 +/- 0.67 l.min-1.Torr-1). The slope of the VE-tidal volume relationship was significantly lower in DS-NL than in INH-NL (19.6 +/- 3.8 vs. 21.2 +/- 5.1 min-1, P < 0.05), but other comparisons in breathing pattern between NL and IRL and between DS and INH failed to reach significance. We concluded that 1) alterations in alveolar PCO2 temporal profile by DS could induce changes in VE-end-tidal PCO2 sensitivity and ventilatory pattern, 2) these changes may be modified by increased mechanical impairment resulting from IRL, and 3) carotid chemoreceptor mediation is not necessary for the observed effects of DS.

Effect of timing delay between visual and vestibular stimuli on heading perception.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Rodriguez ◽  
Benjamin Thomas Crane
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Heading Direction ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Timing Delay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visual Influence ◽  
Visual Delay ◽  
Inertial Cues

Heading direction is perceived based on visual and inertial cues. The current study examined the effect of their relative timing on the ability of offset visual headings to influence inertial perception. Seven healthy human subjects experienced 2 s of translation along a heading of 0°, ±35°, ±70°, ±105°, or ±140°. These inertial headings were paired with 2 s duration visual headings that were presented at relative offsets of 0°, ±30°, ±60°, ±90°, or ±120. The visual stimuli were also presented at 17 temporal delays ranging from -500 ms (visual lead) to 2,000 ms (visual delay) relative to the inertial stimulus. After each stimulus, subjects reported the direction of the inertial stimulus using a dial. The bias of the inertial heading towards the visual heading was robust at ±250 ms when examined across subjects during this period: 8.0 ± 0.5° with a 30° offset, 12.2 ± 0.5° with a 60° offset, 11.7 ± 0.6° with a 90° offset, and 9.8 ± 0.7° with a 120° offset (mean bias towards visual ± SE). The mean bias was much diminished with temporal misalignments of ±500 ms, and there was no longer any visual influence on the inertial heading when the visual stimulus was delayed by 1,000 ms or more. Although the amount of bias varied between subjects the effect of delay was similar.

Influence of Intranasal Epinephrine and Lidocaine Spray on Olfactory Function Tests in Healthy Human Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gi Jung ◽  
Seung Yong Ha ◽  
Young-Gyu Eun ◽  
Myung-Gu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Olfactory Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Double Blinded

Objective. Although topical decongestants and anesthetics are widely used in preparation for nasal endoscopy, no controlled trials have evaluated the effects of these agents on olfaction. Study Design. Randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Setting. Tertiary referral hospital. Materials and Methods. The authors recruited 72 healthy subjects and randomly assigned them to 1 of 4 groups (control, phenylephrine group, lidocaine group, and both agents). After baseline tests with the Korean version of Sniffin’ Stick Test II (KVSS II), topical agents were applied to each nostril. Fifteen minutes later, repeat tests were carried out. Pre- and postspray results of the olfactory tests were compared, and the differences among groups were analyzed. Results. The mean ± SD prespray KVSS II score of the study group was 30.2 ± 3.8, and there were no statistically significant differences among the study groups ( P = .353). Mean ± SD pre- and postspray KVSS II scores were 29.0 ± 3.5 and 30.7 ± 3.7 ( P = .128) in the control group, 30.6 ± 3.6 and 31.7 ± 3.3 ( P = .262) in the phenylephrine group, and 31.4 ± 3.6 and 32.1 ± 3.1 ( P = .557) in the lidocaine group, respectively. In the phenylephrine and epinephrine spray group, the mean ± SD pre- and postspray scores were 29.9 ± 4.4 and 31.3 ± 3.7 ( P = .071), respectively. Conclusions. Neither topical intranasal phenylephrine nor lidocaine use affected the results of the olfactory test, even when the agents were used in combination.

Grasp Force Sensing Using Visual Servoing and Fingernail Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Fallahinia ◽  
Sonoma Harris ◽  
Stephen Mascaro
Keyword(s):  
Visual Servoing ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grasp Force ◽  
Fingertip Forces

This paper discusses the grasp force sensing capabilities of the fingernail imaging method integrated with a visual servoing robotic system. The effectiveness of the fingernail imaging method has been demonstrated on the previous works in the prediction of 3-D fingertip forces. In this study, the fingernail imaging method has been modified to be used in constrained grasping studies. Moreover, the technique can be extended to be applied to the unconstrained grasping study as well. Visual servoing has been utilized in this paper to solve the issue of keeping fingernail images in the field of view of the camera during unconstrained grasping motions. The experimental results show the effectiveness of applying visual servoing for use with the fingernail imaging method to be used in grasping studies. Experimental studies were performed on 2 human subjects and the mean value of RMS errors for predicted normal forces during grasping has been found as 0.57 N. (5.7% for the range of 0–10 N)

scholarly journals A Numerical Investigation of Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Bharath K Bhat ◽  
Raviraja Adhikari ◽  
Kiran Kumar V Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hamstring Tendon ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction by anatomic method is the most popular method of reconstruction. This method of ACL reconstruction utilizes Anteromedial Portal (AMP) techniques. Methods: In this study, five human subjects with healthy knee joints were considered on which Lachman test was simulated. Traditional Transtibial (TT) and AMP techniques were simulated in this study. The mean value of Von – Mises stress on the ACL was calculated. ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft was simulated in a finite element analysis on four healthy human knee joints. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of knee joints of four healthy human subjects were analyzed in this study for statistical significance of the results. Both techniques were simulated in each of the subjects. The hamstring tendon graft used had a diameter of 9 mm. The tibial foot print was 44.6 ± 2.5% from the anterior margin and 48 ± 3% from the medial margin. The femoral foot print was calculated based on Mochizuki’s method at 38.7 ± 2.7% from the deep subchondral margin. Results: The obliquity of reconstructed – ACL (R – ACL) to the tibial plateau for AM technique was in the range of 51 to 58 degrees in the sagittal plane and 69 to 76 degrees in the coronal plane. In the case of TT technique, it was in the range of 59 to 69 degrees in the coronal plane and 72 to 78 degrees in the coronal plane in the femur. Similarly, the sagittal obliquity of R – ACL in the tibia was 55 degrees. The mean Von–Mises stress in the R – ACL for AMP technique was 17.74 ± 3.01 MPa. The stresses in the R – ACL for AMP technique is consistently near to the mean stress in the intact ACL. Whereas, stresses in the R – ACL used in TT technique are not consistently near to the stresses in the intact ACL of a healthy human knee joint. Conclusion: Hence, AMP technique is the better technique between AMP and TT techniques of ACL reconstruction.

scholarly journals Maxillary Sinus Dimensions of Different Human Age Groups by CT Scan Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad ABDALLA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Background: The maxillary sinus is an air-filled space, situated in maxillary bones and may be recognized with different shapes and sizes, its walls are obviously thin, and its apex can extend to zygomatic processes of these bones and can occupy most of zygomatic bone. Materials and methods: A prospective study of 330 healthy human individuals who attending to radiology section during the period from December 2018 to October 2019 to do CT scans for maxillary sinuses. Various CT images were taken to calculate the three dimensions of the maxillary sinuses. Results: The mean value for right maxillary human sinus anteroposterior length, width, and height for males were 40.2 ± 4.2mm, 25.2 ± 4.2mm, and 45.0 ± 5.1mm respectively; while for the left was 39.2 ± 3.9mm, 24.5 ± 4.5mm, and 47.2 ± 4.5mm respectively. Whereas, the mean value for right maxillary human sinus length, width, and height in females were 38.7 ± 4.0mm, 24.3 ± 4.0mm, and 42.6 ± 5.0mm respectively; while for the left was 38.3 ± 4.0mm, 23.6 ± 4.2mm, and 44.1 ± 4.7mm respectively. High significant differences (p≤0.05) recorded among age groups for length of both sides of both genders, width in left sinus of both genders, height of right side of both genders, and finally height of left side in females. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus dimensions measured by CT scans revealed a precise recognition of 3D configuration for the sinus that may be useful as a specific identification feature of any human individual.

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