Attitude and Practice Towards Aflatoxin Contamination in Food and Sociodemographic Factors Contributed Toward Urinary AFM1 Occurrence Among Residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Husna Sulaiman ◽  
Wei Lin Chang ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohd Redzwan Sabran
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Aflatoxin occurrence could be affected by several factors. This study aimed to assess the association between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards aflatoxin and sociodemographic factors with urinary AFM1 occurrence among residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy Malaysian adults aged 18 to 60 years in six subdistricts of Hulu Langat, Selangor. Sociodemographic factors and KAP towards aflatoxin were assessed via questionnaires while morning urine sample was collected for AFM 1 analysis. Of 444 respondents, the urinary AFM 1 level was detected in 199 samples (detection rate = 44.8 %). From 37 positive samples with AFM 1 level above the detection limit of 0.64 ng/ml, the mean value was 1.23 ± 0.91 ng/ml with a range of 0.65 – 5.34 ng/ml (median = 0.89 ng/ml). The variables were examined based on the occurrence of urinary AFM 1 biomarker. Results: Findings showed that there were significant differences in urinary AFM1 occurrence across ethnicity ( p <0.01), age group ( p <0.05), monthly household income ( p <0.01), as well as attitude ( p <0.01) and practice ( p <0.05) towards aflatoxin contamination in food. Binomial logistic regression confirmed that ethnicity and monthly household income were the factors contributing to urinary aflatoxin occurrence ( p <0.01). Chinese were 3.20 times more likely to have aflatoxin exposure than the non-Chinese. Detected urinary AFM 1 was more common among household with income more than RM 1500 monthly. Conclusion: The results provided an insight to explain the variation in aflatoxin occurrence among the population. Trial registration: Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM), project number: FPSK (EXP16) P047

scholarly journals Factors contributing to urinary aflatoxin M1 occurrence among residents in Hulu Langat district, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Husna Sulaiman ◽  
◽  
Wei Lin Chang ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohd Redzwan Sabran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction: Chronic exposure to aflatoxin can lead to complications such as liver failure and cancer. There are many factors that affect aflatoxin occurrence. This study aimed to assess the association between sociodemographic factors and the knowledge, attitude and practice towards aflatoxin with urinary aflatoxin M1 occurrence among residents in Hulu Langat district, Malaysia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthy Malaysian adults aged 18 to 60 years residing in Hulu Langat district, Malaysia. Socio-demographic background and the knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents towards aflatoxin were assessed through questionnaires. Non-fasting urine sample (15 ml) was collected in the morning and urinary aflatoxin M1 level was quantified. Results: Of the 444 healthy Malaysian adults, 199 urine samples were detected with aflatoxin M1. From 37 positive samples with aflatoxin M1 level above detection limit (0.64 ng/ml), mean value was 1.23±0.91 ng/ml (range = 0.65-5.34 ng/ml). Urinary aflatoxin M1 occurrence was significantly different across ethnicity, age group, monthly household income, attitude and practice towards aflatoxin. Binomial logistic regression confirmed ethnicity and monthly household income as factors contributing to urinary aflatoxin M1 occurrence. Chinese were 3.20 times more likely to have aflatoxin exposure than non-Chinese. Detected urinary aflatoxin M1 was more common among household with a monthly income above RM1,500. Conclusion: The results provided an insight to explain the variation in aflatoxin occurrence among the population.

scholarly journals Oral contraceptive among risk factors for women with ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Carla S. PALUDO ◽  
Amanda SACHETTI ◽  
Maiara S. PAIXÃO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of use of oral contraceptives and other risk factors among women with ischemic stroke seen at a hospital in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study. The population was characterized by patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke during a period from March to August 2019 and the sample by female patients found in the population. The data were collected through an individual interview using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and tabulated for further analysis. All analyzes were performed using the statistical program Bioestat 5.0, considering p = 0.05. Results: In the characterization of the sample, an average age of 68.2 years was observed. The occurrence of gender was 52.4% for women. The mean hospital stay was 12.2 ± 8.91 days. Outcome of hospital discharge was 89.1%. The mean value of body mass index was 25 ± 4.89 kg / m², with an average of 27.4 kg / m² in patients who used oral contraceptives and 25.23 kg / m² in patients who did not use oral contraceptives. The sample had a 34.5%incidence of oral contraceptive use. The average age of those who used oral contraceptives was 62.4 years and of the patients who did not use it was 70.3 years. Conclusion: The study showed a high use of oral contraceptives in the sample, with percentage values very close to other factors evaluated, thus showing itself as a probable risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Facteurs Épidémiologiques et Pronostiques Associés Aux Étiologies Des Hémorragies Digestives Hautes au CHU Campus de Lomé

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Aklesso Bagny ◽  
Lidawu Roland-Moise Kogoe ◽  
Laconi Yeba Kaaga ◽  
Late Mawuli Lawson-Ananissoh ◽  
Debehoma Redah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hémorragies Digestives ◽  
Upper Gi Bleeding ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
The Mean

Objectif : Décrire les aspects épidémiologique, clinique et pronostique associés aux étiologies des hémorragies digestives hautes au CHU Campus de Lomé Patients et méthode: Etude transversale à collecte rétrospective, à visée descriptive et analytique menée du 1er Janvier 2014 au 31 Décembre 2019. Le seuil de significativité était retenu pour p<0,05. Résultats: Deux cent cinquante et un patients avaient été inclus. L’hémorragie était d’origine hypertensive portale chez 69 patients (27,71%) ; ulcéreuse gastro-duodénale chez 100 patients (39,84%). Chez 25 patients (9,96%), la fibroscopie oesogastroduodénale était normale. Une rupture de varices oesophagiennes était retrouvée chez 98,55% des patients présentant une hypertension portale. Les ulcères gastroduodénaux représentaient 54,94% des hémorragies digestives hautes d’origine non hypertensive portale. La valeur moyenne du score de Rockall était de 4(±1) chez les patients présentant une hémorragie d’origine hypertensive et de 3(±1) chez les patients avec hémorragie non hypertensive portale (p<0,001). La valeur moyenne du score de Glasgow-Blatchford était de 10(±3) chez les patients présentant une hémorragie d’origine hypertensive et 9(±3) chez les patients avec hémorragie digestive haute d’origine non hypertensive (p<0,001). La récidive hémorragique et le décès étaient survenus chez les patients présentant un saignement d’origine hypertensive portale dans respectivement 54,84% (p<0,001) et 71,42% (p<0,001). Conclusion: Les lésions inflammatoires aiguës et chroniques représentent la première étiologie des hémorragies digestives hautes dans le service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie du CHU Campus. Ces hémorragies sont associées à la prise de médicaments gastrotoxiques et à un moindre risque de récidive hémorragique et de décès. Objective: To describe epidemiological et prognostic outcomes associated with etiologies upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Campus Teaching Hospital of Lome Patients and method: Cross-sectional study with retrospective collection, descriptive and analytical aim carried out from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. Results: Two hundred and one patients were included. The hemorrhage was of portal hypertensive origin in 69 patients (27.71%); peptic ulcer in 100 patients (39.84%). In 25 patients (9.96%), the oesogastroduodenal fibroscopy was normal. Ruptured esophageal varices were found in 98.55% of patients with portal hypertension. Peptic ulcers accounted for 54.94% of upper GI bleeding of non-portal hypertensive origin. The mean value of the Rockall score was 4(±1) in patients with hemorrhage of hypertensive origin and 3(±1) in patients with non-portal hypertensive hemorrhage (p<0.001). The mean Glasgow-Blatchford score was 10(±3) in patients with hemorrhage of hypertensive origin and 9(±3) in patients with upper GI hemorrhage of nonhypertensive origin (p<0.001). Hemorrhagic recurrence and death occurred in patients with bleeding of hypertensive origin in 54.84% (p<0.001) and 71.42% (p<0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Acute and chronic inflammatory lesions represent the first etiology of upper GI bleeding in the Gastroenterology Department of the Campus Teaching Hospital of Lome. These hemorrhages are associated with the use of gastrotoxic drugs and with a lower risk of recurrence of hemorrhage and death.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia on HAART and HAART naive HIV positive clients attending Debre Tabor Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anemut Tilahun Mulu ◽  
Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽  
Fitalew Tadele Admasu ◽  
Chalachew Yenew Denekew ◽  
Biruk Demissie Melese
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: HAART has been reported to be associated with a number of side effects in human immunodeficiency virus patients among which dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder. Methods: A facility based comparative cross-sectional study among 228 HIV positive persons was conducted from July to August 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Fasting venous blood sample was drawn for Lipid profiles and CD4 cell determination. Anthropometric measurement was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 for windows. Result: A total of 228 HIV patients were enrolled in the study. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in HAART naive and on HAART HIV positive persons was 61(53.5%) and 84 (73.7%), respectively. The prevalence of TC≥200 mg/dl was 50% and 30%; HLD-c<40 mg/dl was 43.8% and 36%; LDL-c≥130mg/dl was 48.3% and 28.1%; and TG≥150 mg/dl 59.6% and 39% among on HAART and HAART naïve, respectively. Age greater than 40 years (AOR = 3.27, 95% C.I: 1.47 - 7.25), blood pressure ≥ 140/90 (AOR = 16.13, 95% C.I: 5.81 - 44.75), being on HAART (AOR = 2.73, 95 % C.I: 1.35 - 5.53) and body mass index > 25kg/m2 (AOR = 1.92, 95 % C.I: 1.20 - 4.81) were identified as determinants of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The mean value of lipid profile was significantly higher among HIV positive clients on HAART as compared to those HAART naïve HIV positive clients.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the dental caries in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e32810111226
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson ◽  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Marília Cunha Maroneze ◽  
Maísa Casarin ◽  
Patrícia Pasquali Dotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Objective: To assess factors associated with the average number of dental caries in pregnant women. Method: Basic research design: This cross-sectional study was performed between January 2017 and December 2018 in Santa Maria, Brazil. Clinical setting and participants: Multistage random sampling resulted in the recruitment of 256 pregnant women from public health centers across the city. Clinical exams and semi-structured questionnaires including demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral questions were performed by trained interviewers. Main outcome measure: The experience of dental caries was evaluated through the mean value of the Decay, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) by 4 trained and calibrated examiners. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the influence of different variables on the average number of dental caries. Rate ratio (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated (CI 95%). Results: The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 62.7% in the sample, while the mean DMFS index was 10.27 (± 10.92). Women who smoked during pregnancy had a higher mean DMFS (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.25-1.57). Furthermore, pregnant women who had poor self-ratings of oral health had a higher average DMFS (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.32). Conclusions: The results showed that older age, ethnicity, fewer years in education and the presence of dental plaque resulted in higher means of DMFS.

scholarly journals Parental knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria in Mandailing Natal district

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Syafruddin Haris ◽  
Sri Sofyani ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background Malaria is still considered to be an important healthproblem in Indonesia. Malaria has been found in islands withdifferent degree of endemicity. Behavior of the community isone of the factors affecting the incidence of malaria in MandailingNatal district.Objective To know the parental knowledge, attitude, and practiceamong parents whose children suffered from malaria or not.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in six primaryschools and one health centre in October 2004. Subjects wereparents whose children were malaria positive and malaria negativebased on laboratory examination. Sample size was 85 parents foreach group. Selected respondents were interviewed usingstructured questionnaire. Degree of knowledge, attitude, andpractice on malaria were established using scoring system withinthree categories: good, less, and poor. Data were collected andpresented using chi-square and P<0.05 was considered as a levelof significant.Results The mean age of 85 parents whose children were positivemalaria, was 38.47 years (SD 6.67) and the mean age of thosewhose children were negative malaria was 40.41 years (SD 8.05).Parent’s education level was 62.9% primary school and 90% oftheir children were school-aged. There were significant differenceson parental knowledge, attitude and practice in each group(P<0.05). There was also a significant correlation betweenoccupation and knowledge, but not between parental educationlevel and parental age. Parental knowledge and attitude on theincidence of malaria in Mandailing Natal district were good,though their practice were poor.Conclusion There are significant differences on parentalknowledge, attitude and practice, between parents whose childrenwere positive and negative for malaria.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF VARICOCELE WITH OLIGOSPERMIA AND AZOSPERMIA

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
NAIK ZADA ◽  
SHAFI ULLAH KHAN ◽  
RIAZ AHMAD KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of abnormal semen parameters among patients presenting withvaricocele1METHODS:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Urology Institute ofkidney diseases Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar and Cenna hospital Saidu Sharif Swat. The studywas carried out on 139 human subjects with clinical evidence of varicocele between age range of 15-45years.The diagnosis of varicocele was based on palpable and/or visible scrotal lump of testicular veins(pampiniform plexus) and was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination. Semen analysis was carriedout in all these patients and information wascollected on pre designed proforma.RESULTS:The study included a total of 139 patients with varicocele. The mean age of patient was 30 years(15-45) among the patients having symptoms of varicocele. The Mean ±SD for duration of varicocelesymptoms was 9.32 ± 9.70 months. 6.5% (n=9) patients were having azoospermia and 20.1% (n=28)patients had oligozoospermia.CONCLUSION: Patients with varicocele have poor seminal parameters in terms of sperm count i.e.oligozoospermia and azoospermia responsible for male factor infertility in majority ofcases.KEYWORDS:varicocele;seminal parameters;sperm count, infertility

scholarly journals IgM Anti PGL-1 Antibody Level in Patients with Leprosy: A Comparative Study between Ear Lobes Capillary and Median Cubital Vein Blood Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1346-1348
Author(s):  
Khairina Nasution ◽  
Kristina Nadeak ◽  
Syahril Rahmat Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Median Cubital Vein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels

BACKGROUND: To establish the diagnosis of leprosy accurately, additional examination such as serologic examination with ELISA is required. There are considerations about taking a blood sample from the earlobe region.AIM: To determine the differences in IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody levels from earlobe capillary and median cubital vein blood sample in leprosy patients.METHODS: An observational analytic study using a cross-sectional study involving 30 patients with leprosy. ELISA examination of earlobe blood samples with filter paper, and the median cubital vein blood samples with filter paper and conventional methods were performed to determine IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody levels.RESULTS: The mean value of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels from earlobe blood samples with filter paper (1476.62 μ/ml) was relatively similar with median cubital vein blood samples with conventional method (1476.77 μ/ml), but the mean value of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels from median cubital vein blood samples with filter paper (1210.37 μ/ml) was lower from other methods. However, there was no statistically significant difference between them.CONCLUSION: There are no significant differences between the mean levels of IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody from earlobe and the median cubital vein blood samples.

scholarly journals Investigating Health Status Among Women Aged 50-70 years old in Hunan Province, China: A Cross-Sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
NIE Min ◽  
MENG Yan-ting ◽  
XU Chen ◽  
QIN Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Household Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Household Income

Abstract Background: As promotion of the Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health 2016-2020 and the Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan, healthy ageing becomes a hot pot. It is crucial to identify health status of senior women and acquire characteristics of them. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the health of women aged 50-70 in Hunan Province of China, come out coping strategy and prompt an active discussion for healthy ageing.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 communities randomly selected from 5 sampled districts and 5counties in Hunan Province. A self-designed and structured questionnaire was used, included demographic data, diseases-related information, self-reported health, health behaviors, and psychological health. The data was collected by well-trained workers, double-entered into EpiData 3.0 and analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results: Among the 2585 senior women, 51.0% was chronic diseases, 49.6% was gynecopathy and 23.6% was mastopathy. Age [OR=1.394, 95% CI=(1.63-1.670)], household type [OR=1.700, 95% CI=(1.416-2.042)], BMI [OR=1.194, 95% CI=(1.043-1.367)], average monthly household income [OR=0.884, 95% CI=(0.809-0.965)] and self-reported physical health [OR=4.659, 95% CI=(3.913-5.546)] were significantly associated with chronic diseases. Age [OR=0.668, 95% CI=(0.564-0.792)], household type [OR=1.335, 95% CI=(1.094-1.629)], occupation [OR=1.045, 95% CI=(1.002-1.090)], average monthly household income [OR=1.243, 95% CI=(1.143-1.352)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.748, 95% CI=(1.510-2.024)] were significantly associated with gynecopathy. Age [OR=0.749, 95% CI=(0.616-0.910)], household type [OR=1.603, 95% CI=(1.269-2.026)], occupation [OR=1.057, 95% CI=(1.009-1.108)], average monthly household income [OR=1.233, 95% CI=(1.127-1.350)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.272, 95% CI=(1.077-1.502)] were significantly associated with mastopathy. Age [OR=0.778, 95% CI=(0.645-0.939)], household type [OR=2.090, 95% CI=(1.733-2.520)], and BMI [OR=1.218, 95% CI=(1.061-1.399)] were significantly associated with exposure to secondhand smoke. Age [OR=0.829, 95% CI=(0.701-0.980)] and occupation [OR=0.956, 95% CI=(0.923-0.990)] were significantly associated with regular physical examinations. Household type [OR=0.642, 95% CI=(0.398-1.035)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.983, 95% CI=(1.340-2.935)] were significantly associated with anxiety.Conclusion: This cross-sectional study shows good description as an appropriate investigation for the identification of women aged 50-70 with certain diseases, health behaviors and psychological health problems in a representative and community-conducted sample of women in Hunan Province of China. It discloses their poor health status.

scholarly journals Gonial Angle by Lateral Cephalogram in Orthodontic Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Pushkar Manandhar ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The Gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex for growth Patterns prediction. The gonial angle on lateral cephalometric radiograph represents the mandibular morphology concerning mandibular body and ramus. The objective of this study was to find out the mean value of gonial angle in lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients of orthodontic department in a tertiary care center. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the Department of Orthodontics at People’s Dental College and Hospital between 8th December 2020 to 8th February 2021 at People’s Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal after obtaining Ethical approval (Reference Number. 01, CH100 09,2077/2078) by the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect 166 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms radiographs of patients between 17-30 years. Data were collected and entered using Statistical Package of Social Science 16. Results: The mean value of gonial angle on lateral cephalogram radiographs was 132.84±3.70 in hyperdivergent, 119.94±5.57 in hypodivergent and 124.06±3.88 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns and between male and female were 132.52±4.32, 133.07±3.28 in hyperdivergent, 121.46±3.78, 119.14±6.42 in hypodivergent and 123.74±5.14, 123.94±3.90 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of Orthodontic Patients. Conclusions: The gonial angle value on lateral cephalometric radiographs was greater in hyperdivergent than hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns. The hyperdivergent vertical skeletal pattern of female was greater than of male patient’s lateral cephalometric radiographs while hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of males were greater than female lateral cephalogram radiographs of Nepalese orthodontic patients.

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