Coagulant And Procoagulant Factors In Ascitic Fluid.-About Etiology Of Dic Induced By Ascitic Fluid Infusion

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ojiro ◽  
M Takenoshita ◽  
M Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Fluid Infusion ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin

We have experienced two cases of DIC following infusion of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the vascular system. We have studied the etiology of this DIC. So, FDP, endotoxin, coagulant factors and procoagulant activity were investigated in ascitic fluid of 11 hepatic cirrhosis cases and 15 cancer cases.Method and Result; FDP in ascites were more included than in plasma. Endotoxin were positive in about 60% of ascitic fluid. The coagulant factors were recognized a littile except VUI-factor. Only ascitic fluid ded not clott the fibrinogen and did not affect the platlate aggregation. The procoagulant activities were measured by clotting times which the normal plasma (0.lcc) was added with the ascitic fluid or buffer (0.1cc), after 3 minutes incubation, and then added with 1/40 M Cacl2 (0.1cc).The clotting time was shortened in the ascitic fluid than buffer (buffer 120.7 ± 7.9 sec, Cancer 82 ± 23.8 sec., cirrhosis 91.4 ± 16.5 sec), and both VII and VIII deficient plasma was shortened too, but X dificient plasma was not coagulated. Also FDP and endotoxin did not shorten the clotting time of normal plasma. Experimentally, the ascitic fluid in dog by binding vena cava in ferior and the ascitic fluid in rat by transplantation of tumor cells shortened the clotting time. Conclusion; Coagulant, fibrinolytic and procoagulant factors were existed in ascitic fluid. We think that DIC induced by ascitic fluid are due to this procoagulant factor and this procoagulant factor may be not tissue - thromboplastin only.

scholarly journals Ovarian Origin of Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid Prorenin in Early Pregnancy and in Patients with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor ◽  
Shahar Kol ◽  
Nathan Lewit ◽  
Jean E. Sealey
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ovarian Hyperstimulation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Prorenin is the major product of renin gene expression in the ovary. Plasma levels of prorenin are elevated in ovarian-stimulated patients and during early pregnancy. To further elucidate the source of the elevated plasma levels of prorenin, we measured prorenin, renin activity, angiotensinogen, and steroid hormone levels in the plasma, luteal fluids (luteal cysts), ascitic fluid, and in ovarian venous samples collected from a patient with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and ectopic pregnancy. Prorenin/renin was also measured in plasma and in peritoneal fluid obtained during therapeutic paracentesis from four patients with OHSS. Several corpora luteal fluids were obtained that were rich in estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). Ovarian venous E2 and P were 20-fold higher than in arterial blood and as high or higher than the levels detected in the luteal fluids. The ratios of the hormonal levels in ascitic fluid and plasma were 1.9 for P and 1.4 for E2. A wide range of prorenin concentrations [1279 ± 918 sd ng/mL/hr, n = 6] were found in corpora luteal fluids, but in each the prorenin concentration was higher than in plasma (494 ng/mL/hr). Prorenin but not renin was higher (+23%) in ovarian venous than arterial blood. Prorenin in the 7 liters of ascitic fluid aspirated (2686 ng/mL/hr) was 5-fold higher than in plasma and similar to the levels measured in the corpora lutea with the highest prorenin concentrations. Renin in luteal cysts and ascitic fluid constituted 3% and 6% of the total renin (renin + prorenin), respectively. Total renin was also higher in peritoneal fluid (1538 ± 925 ng/mL/hr) than in plasma (375 ± 237 ng/mL/hr) of the 4 additional patients with severe OHSS. These findings indicate that the ovary secretes prorenin during early pregnancy and that its secretion is directed preferentially from the luteal cysts into the peritoneal cavity. In light of recent evidence of an effect of prorenin on the vascular system, the presence of a huge reservoir of prorenin in the peritoneal cavity of patients with OHSS suggests a potential role for prorenin in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Effect of thoracic duct to esophagus shunt in dogs with vena caval constriction

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Dumont ◽  
John H. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Esophageal Lumen ◽  
Duct Lymph

Ascites developed promptly in four dogs in which the supradiaphragmatic vena cava was constricted. In another six dogs undergoing the same operation, the thoracic duct was drained by cannula into the esophageal lumen; ascites did not occur. Ascitic fluid forms following constriction of the inferior vena cava by leakage of excess liver lymph into the peritoneal cavity. Capacity of the thoracic duct to transport an increased quantity of lymph is limited by resistance to flow at the veno-lymphatic junction in the neck. This study demonstrates that ascites does not occur when resistance to excess thoracic duct lymph flow is removed by permitting free flow of lymph into the esophagus.

Lupus-Like Anticoagulant In A Patient With Severe Factor VIII Deficiency

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Weinger ◽  
J L Moake ◽  
D Deykin ◽  
A Lopez ◽  
J D Olson
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Test System ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
Dilute Suspension

A severe hemophiliac (<1% FVIII-AHG) was transfused with FVIII concentrate and had orthopedic surgery without complication. His in vivo FVIII-AHG survival was normal (T½= 8hrs), as was his fibrinogen level, prothrombin (PT) and thrombin times. His prolonged (>100 sec.) activated partial thromboplastin time was incompletely corrected (40 sec.; normal<36 sec.) by the in vitro addition of an equal volume of pooled normal plasma, and did not become further prolonged after ½ and 2 hr. incubations at 37°C. A specific inhibitor to FVIII-AHG was not present. However, a thromboplastin inhibition test using patient plasma and progressively higher dilutions of rabbit brain thromboplastin (whole phospholipoprotein membranes) in a PT test system was positive. When either normal gel-separated platelets (GSP) or a dilute suspension of inosithin was used as a source of phospholipid, and clotting then initiated by the simultaneous addition of calcium and Russell’s viper venom (to activate FX directly), patient plasma clotting times were similar to the clotting times of normal plasma and other severe FVIII-AHG deficient plasmas. In contrast, when both normal GSP and dilutions of tissue thromboplastin reagent were added to plasma, and clotting then initiated by recalcification, patient plasma clotting time was prolonged in comparison to the clotting times of normal plasma and other FVIII-AHG deficient plasmas. This “lupus-like” anticoagulant had no effect on in vivo hemostasis, even in our patient with severe hemophilia A. The anticoagulant differs from a lupus anticoagulant recently well characterized (Thiagarajan et al., J.Clin. Invest. 66;397,1980) in that it interacts better with phospholipoprotein membranes than with free phospholipids, and the in vitro defect is not corrected by the addition of normal platelets.

Relative Sensitivity of Different Tests in the Detection of Low Titer Lupus Anticoagulants

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lesperance ◽  
M David ◽  
J Rauch ◽  
C Infante-Rivard ◽  
G E Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kaolin Clotting Time

SummaryLupus anticoagulants (LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies have been strongly associated with recurrent abortion and fetal death. Because steroids have been reported to improve the fetal outcome of LA associated pregnancies, presumably by decreasing the levels of LA, it becomes desirable to have a simple and reliable test to monitor the levels of the putative antibody. To this effect, we assessed the capacity of the following coagulation tests to detect the presence of LA in serial dilutions of patient plasma with pooled normal plasma: kaolin clotting time (KCT), tissue thromboplastin inhibition test (TTIT), dilute Russell Viper venom time (DRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time with standard and high concentrations of phospholipids (SC and HCAPTT). All samples were also evaluated for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies with an ELISA. The KCT was able to detect LA at a much greater dilution in normal plasma than any of the other clotting assays. The ELISA was comparable to KCT in its ability to detect high dilutions of LA.

Scientific and Standardization Committee Communications Comparison of Test Methods for the Lupus Anticoagulant: International Survey on Lupus Anticoagulants-I (ISLA-1)

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (03) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Exner ◽  
Douglas A Triplett ◽  
David A Taberner ◽  
Margaret A Howard ◽  
E Nigel Harris
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
Kaolin Clotting Time ◽  
Induced Defects

SummarySix lyophilized plasma samples were sent to 20 “expert” laboratories for assessment of lupus anticoagulant (LA). Four samples contained pooled LA of graded potency mixed with aged normal plasma. One contained LA plus cephalin phospholipid and one contained a nonspecific venom anticoagulant. Sixteen methods were used overall with some participants using up to 8 methods. Results were scored in regard to the known potencies of LA in the samples and other known induced defects.Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests used by most participants for preliminary screening were relatively sensitive, but non-specific. Platelet or phospholipid neutralization procedures (PNP) appeared to be sensitive and specific but showed a non-linear response to increased LA content. Kaolin clotting time (KCT) tests showed the most sensitive response to increased LA content but the weaker LA were not scored as abnormal by most laboratories as the samples may have contained platelet fragments. Other commonly used tests such as the tissue thromboplastin inhibition (TTI) test and the dilute Russell’s viper venom test (DRVVT) were carried out somewhat inconsistently. The variability in performance of tests in different laboratories indicates that standardization of methodology is urgently required.Generally it seemed that most clotting tests were “bypassed” by the addition of phospholipid to a known LA-positive sample in apparently direct proportion to their sensitivity. Sample preparation, especially prevention of contamination with activated platelets is a vital preliminary part in the assay of LA.

The Significance of TFPI in Clotting Assays – Gomparison and Combination with other Anticoagulants

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Nordfang ◽  
Hanne I Kristensen ◽  
Sanne Valentin ◽  
Per Østergaard ◽  
Johnny Wadt
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Tissue Factor Pathway ◽  
Plasma Heparin

SummaryThe anticoagulant activities of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI), heparin and hirudin were compared in intrinsic (APTT) and extrinsic (PT) activated clotting assays. In contrast to the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, heparin was 10 fold more potent in the APTT assay than in the PT assay, indicating that inhibition of intrinsic activation is important for the anticoagulant activity of heparin as measured in an APTT assay. TFPI was most potent in the PT assay and the effect of TFPI was most pronounced in the presence of other anticoagulants (heparin and hirudin). The activities of the two natural anticoagulants antithrombin III (ATIII) and TFPI were compared in a PT assay with very dilute tissue factor. In this assay system TFPI in normal plasma affected the clotting time more than ATIII in the plasma. However, when heparin was added ATIII was the major anticoagulant, but profound Prolongation of the clotting time was only seen when TFPI was also added. In an ATIII deficient plasma heparin did not augment the effect of TFPI, showing that the increased effect of TFPI in the presence of heparin is dependent on the anticoagulant activity of ATIII/heparin. The effect of TFPI at prolonged clotting times was also illustrated by the significant effect of blocking TFPI in the plasma from warfarin-treated patients. Thus TFPI is a major anticoagulant in normal plasma and the effect of TFPI is especially seen at prolonged clotting times.

scholarly journals The cancer glycocalyx mediates intravascular adhesion and extravasation during metastatic dissemination

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni S. Offeddu ◽  
Cynthia Hajal ◽  
Colleen R. Foley ◽  
Zhengpeng Wan ◽  
Lina Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Adhesive Interactions ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractThe glycocalyx on tumor cells has been recently identified as an important driver for cancer progression, possibly providing critical opportunities for treatment. Metastasis, in particular, is often the limiting step in the survival to cancer, yet our understanding of how tumor cells escape the vascular system to initiate metastatic sites remains limited. Using an in vitro model of the human microvasculature, we assess here the importance of the tumor and vascular glycocalyces during tumor cell extravasation. Through selective manipulation of individual components of the glycocalyx, we reveal a mechanism whereby tumor cells prepare an adhesive vascular niche by depositing components of the glycocalyx along the endothelium. Accumulated hyaluronic acid shed by tumor cells subsequently mediates adhesion to the endothelium via the glycoprotein CD44. Trans-endothelial migration and invasion into the stroma occurs through binding of the isoform CD44v to components of the sub-endothelial extra-cellular matrix. Targeting of the hyaluronic acid-CD44 glycocalyx complex results in significant reduction in the extravasation of tumor cells. These studies provide evidence of tumor cells repurposing the glycocalyx to promote adhesive interactions leading to cancer progression. Such glycocalyx-mediated mechanisms may be therapeutically targeted to hinder metastasis and improve patient survival.

Increased cardiac output following occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. R152-R158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Stene ◽  
B. Burns ◽  
S. Permutt ◽  
P. Caldini ◽  
M. Shanoff
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Mean Systemic Pressure ◽  
Extracorporeal Bypass

Occlusion of the thoracic aorta (AO) in dogs with a constant volume right ventricular extracorporeal bypass increased cardiac output (Q) by 43% and mean arterial pressure by 46%, while mean systemic pressure (MSP) was unchanged. We compared AO with occlusion of the brachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries (BSO) which decreased cardiac output by 5%, increased mean arterial pressure by 32%, and increased MSP by 11%. We feel these results confirm that AO elevates preload by transferring blood volume from the splanchnic veins to the vascular system drained by the superior vena cava. If the heart is competent to keep right arterial pressure at or near zero, this increase in preload will elevate Q above control levels. Comparing our data with results of other authors who have not controlled right atrial pressure, emphasizes the importance of a competent right ventricle in allowing venous return to determine Q.

Effect of Garlic, Chinese Medicinal Drugs and Amino Acids on Growth of Erlich Ascites Tumor Cells in Mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. Choy ◽  
T.T. Kwok ◽  
K.P. Fung ◽  
C.Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells ◽  
Ascites Tumor ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
Growth Of Tumor

A number of food materials or drugs have been screened for the effect on the growth and development of transplantable Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Growth of tumor-bearing mice was significantly inhibited by feeding garlic as well as some amino acids. These materials significantly reduced the total number of free tumor cells growing in the peritoneal cavity of mice and prolonged significantly the length of time for 50% death of tumor-bearing mice.

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