Performance of Laser Fluorescence for Residual Caries Detection in Primary Teeth

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a visual-tactile examination and a laser fluorescence device for detecting residual dentinal caries after carious dentin removal with bur excavation, hand excavation and chemomechanical excavation (Carisolv™].Methods: Thirty extracted coronal caries primary second molars were used. The caries infected dentin has been removed. A blinded examiner checked all cavities for residual caries using a visualtactile examination and laser fluorescence. Then the teeth were sectioned through the prepared cavities andthe two halves of each tooth were processed for light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The presence or absence of residual caries was verified using polarized light microscopy as the gold standard. The cavity floor dentin after removing carious dentin was examined using SEM.Results: In among all groups a significant difference is determined between visual-tactile examination and laser fluorescence (P<.05). There was an agreement between laser fluorescence or visual-tactile examination and histological gold standard (P>.05). In addition, SEM images of the surfaces with the caries removed have shown that a vast majority of the tubule openings is observed to be open in the samples of the Carisolv group in opposition to the other groups.Conclusions: The laser fluorescence system could be effective in checking the removal by other methods, such as bur or Carisolv and avoid excessive removal of the sound dentin. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:176-184)

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A Comparative Evaluation of DIAGNOdent and Caries Detector Dye in Detection of Residual Caries in Prepared Cavities

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1178 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 515-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Majid Akbari ◽

Farzaneh Ahrari ◽

Marzieh Jafari

Keyword(s):

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Dental School ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Restorative Dentistry ◽

Mcnemar Test ◽

Diagnodent Pen ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Residual Caries ◽

Tooth Tissue

ABSTRACT Aim The objective of this study was to determine the association between DIAGNOdent laser and caries detector dye in detection of the remaining caries in restorative cavities. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 100 cavities prepared in patients referring to the Department of Restorative Dentistry of Mashhad Dental School. After confirming caries absence by tactile examination, the presence of any residual caries was determined by a laser fluorescence (LF) device (DIAGNOdent Pen) and then by caries detector dye. The data were analyzed through McNemar test. Results When the cut off value was considered as ≥13, both DIAGNOdent Pen and caries detector dye found 54 cavities as without caries and 12 cavities as carious. There were 32 teeth diagnosed as decayed only by the dye and two cases that were diagnosed as having residual caries only by the DIAGNOdent. The McNemar test revealed a significant difference in the diagnosis of residual caries between the two methods (p < 0.05), as well as significant differences between each method and tactile examination (p < 0.05). When the cut off value was set at ≥25, no significant difference was found between laser fluorescence and tactile examination in residual caries detection (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both DIAGNOdent Pen and caries detector dye can be considered as adjuncts for detecting residual caries in prepared cavities. However, the use of laser fluorescence device can provide results that are more consistent with tactile examination, while relying on caries detector dye may result in excessive removal of tooth tissue, and thus increase the risk of pulpal exposure. Clinical significance Incomparision with caries detector dye, Residual caries detection by DIAGNOdent Pen is more consistent with tactile examination. How to cite this article Akbari M, Ahrari F, Jafari M. A Comparative Evaluation of DIAGNOdent and Caries Detector Dye in Detection of Residual Caries in Prepared Cavities. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):515-520.

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Dye-enhanced laser fluorescence detection on natural caries lesions in primary teeth

Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry ◽

10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2015.97501 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽

Victor Moreira Leamari ◽

Márcia Turolla Wanderley ◽

Mariana Minatel Braga ◽

Juliana Mattos-Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Smooth Surfaces ◽

Occlusal Caries ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Caries Lesions

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of two fluorescent dyes and Laser Fluorescence (LF) device in detecting smooth and occlusal natural caries in primary teeth in vitro.Methods: Measurements were performed with the LF and with LF associated with tetrakis (N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (LF TMPyP) and protoporphyrin IX (LF PPIX) in 72 smooth (63 primary molars) and 134 occlusal sites (81 primary molars). For validation, surfaces were sectioned and sections obtained were evaluated under stereomicroscope. Smooth surfaces were also evaluated using polarized light microscopy and Knoop microhardness. For both smooth and occlusal surfaces, ROC analyses were performed, and sensitivities, specificities and accuracies were assessed. In smooth surfaces, Pearson’s correlation coefficients between LF values and lesions hardness or lesions depth were calculated.Results: LF TMPyP presented higher correlation with hardness and lesion depth than other methods in smooth surfaces. No differences were observed in other parameters among the methods, in both smooth and occlusal surfaces.Relevance: The LF TMPyP might improve performance in quantifying smooth-surface caries lesions in primary teeth. However, the sensitivity is improved at D2 (caries extending into inner half of the enamel but not to amelodentinal junction) threshold when using PPIX in smooth caries lesions. The association of LF with fluorescent dyes does not improve the performance on occlusal caries.

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POLARIZED LIGHT OBSERVATIONS ON STRIATED MUSCLE CONTRACTION IN A MITE

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.32.1.169 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 169-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John F. Aronson

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Sarcomere Length ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Filament Length ◽

Relative Movement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Average Slope ◽

Region Length

Contraction of individual sarcomeres within the living mite Tarsonemus sp. was observed by polarized light microscopy. In unflattened animals the usual range of contraction was such that the minimum sarcomere length approximated the length of the A region, and the maximum sarcomere length was about twice the length of the A region. The central sarcomeres of the dorsal metapodosomal muscles were observed in detail. The A band length increased slightly with increasing sarcomere length since the regression of I region length on sarcomere length had an average slope of 0.91. When the A band length in a sarcomere which was shortening was compared with the length when the same sarcomere lengthened, no significant difference was seen. The A band of each sarcomere seemed to act as a not too rigid limit to further shortening; this agreed with the reversible shortening of a muscle in which the A band had been experimentally shortened. An H region was visible at long sarcomere lengths and was not visible at short sarcomere lengths, even when the muscle was actively shortening. The rate of change of H region length with sarcomere length suggested that I filament length may increase as sarcomere length increases. Despite this effect and the small increase in A length with sarcomere length, the results are considered to be consistent with a model in which shortening occurs by the relative movement of A and I filaments, with little or no change in length of either set of filaments. Sarcomere shortening was clearly associated with an increase in the retardation of the A region.

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Aplicação do Laser na Cariologia: diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento

ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION ◽

10.21270/archi.v8i6.3196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Luzia Araújo Batista ◽

Thamyres Maria Silva Simões ◽

Maria das Graças Barbosa da Silva ◽

Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos Catão

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Topical Fluoride

Nas últimas décadas, um dos grandes avanços na Área da Saúde foi o desenvolvimento dos aparelhos de Laser, que possibilitou uma nova abordagem nos procedimentos odontológicos. A Laserterapia tem diversas aplicabilidades na Cariologia, seja como método de diagnóstico, como auxiliar nas medidas preventivas ou como tratamento da cárie dentária. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão é proporcionar uma leitura atualizada da aplicabilidade da Laserterapia na Cariologia e, para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão literária sistematizada, na base de dados MEDLINE – Pubmed, abrangendo os últimos anos. Mediante esse estudo literário e considerando a evolução dos estudos científicos, ainda existem controvérsias a respeito da eficácia clínica do Laser na Cariologia.Descritores: Lasers; Cárie Dentária; Flúor.ReferênciasSichani AV, Javadinejad S, Ghafari R. Diagnostic value of DIAGNOdent in detecting caries under composite restorations of primary molars. Dent Res J. 2016;13(4):327-32.Montedori A, Abraha I, Orso M, D'errico PG, Pagano S, Lombardo G. Lasers for caries removal in deciduous and permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;26(9):CD010229.Nagata JY, Hioka N, Kimura E, Batistela VR, Terada RS, Graciano AX et al. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy for dental caries: evaluation of the photosensitizers used and light source properties. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012;9(2):122-31.Bahrololoomi Z, Fotuhi Ardakani F, Sorouri M. In vitro comparison of the effects of diode laser and co2 laser on topical fluoride uptake in primary teeth. J Dent (Tehran). 2015;12(8):585-91.Nokhbatolfoghahaie H, Alikhasi M, Chiniforush N, Khoei F, Safavi N, Yaghoub Zadeh B. Evaluation of Accuracy of DIAGNOdent in Diagnosis of Primary and Secondary Caries in Comparison to Conventional Methods. J Lasers Med Sci. 2013; 4(4):159-67.Melo M, Pascual A, Camps I, Del Campo Á, Ata-Ali J. Caries diagnosis using light fluorescence devices in comparison with traditional visual and tactile evaluation: a prospective study in 152 patients. Odontology. 2017;105(3):283-90.Gimenez T, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DN, Mendes FM. Fluorescence-based methods for detecting caries lesions: systematic review, meta-analysis and sources of heterogeneity. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60421.Kositbowornchai S, Sukanya C, Tidarat T, Chanoggarn T. Caries detection under composite restorations by laser fluorescence and digital radiography. Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17(9):2079-84.Rosa MI, Schambeck VS, Dondossola ER, Alexandre MC, Tuon L, Grande AJ, Hugo F. Laser fluorescence of caries detection in permanent teeth in vitro: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2016; 9(4):213-24.Heravi F, Ahrari F, Mahdavi M, Basafa S. Comparative evaluation of the effect of Er:YAG laser and low level laser irradiation combined with CPP-ACPF cream on treatment of enamel caries. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(2):e121-26.Mang TS, Tayal DP, Baier R. Photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment for disinfection of bacteria in oral biofilms. Lasers Surg Med. 2012;44(7):588-96.Fornaini C, Brulat N, Milia G, Rockl A, Rocca JP. The use of sub-ablative Er:YAG laser irradiation in prevention of dental caries during orthodontic treatment. Laser Ther. 2014;23(3):173-81.Karandish M. The efficiency of laser application on the enamel surface: a systematic review. J Lasers Med Sci. 2014;5(3):108-14.Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlén G, Espelid I, Mejàre I, Norlund A et al. Adjunct methods for caries detection: a systematic review of literature. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71(3-4):388-97.Bahrololoomi Z, Lotfian M. Effect of diode laser irradiation combined with topical fluoride on enamel microhardness of primary teeth. J Dent (Tehran). 2015;12(2):85-9.Ramos-Oliveira TM, Ramos TM, Esteves-Oliveira M, Apel C, Fischer H, Eduardo CP et al. Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion. Braz Oral Res. 2014;28(1):1-6.Souza-Gabriel AE, Turssi CP, Colucci V, Tenuta LM, Serra MC, Corona SA. In situ study of the anticariogenic potential of fluoride varnish combined with CO2 laser on enamel. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(6):804-10.

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Erosion Potential of Tooth Whitening Regimens as Evaluated with Polarized Light Microscopy

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1782 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 921-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

So Ran Kwon ◽

Fang Qian ◽

Patrick Brambert

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Polarized Light Microscopy ◽

Control Group ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Enamel Erosion ◽

Recommended Guidelines

ABSTRACT Aims Tooth whitening is a widely utilized esthetic treatment in dentistry. With increased access to over-the-counter (OTC) systems concerns have been raised as to potential adverse effects associated with overuse of whitening materials. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate enamel erosion due to different whitening regimens when used in excess of recommended guidelines. Materials and methods Extracted human teeth (n = 66) were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 6/group). Specimens were exposed to OTC products: Crest Whitestrips and 5-minute natural white and a do-it-yourself (DIY) strawberry whitening recipe. Within each regimen, groups were further divided per exposure time: specimens receiving the recommended product dosage; 5 times the recommended dosage; and 10 times the recommended dosage. Negative and positive controls were treated with grade 3 water and 1.0% citric acid, respectively. Specimens were nail-varnished to limit application to a 1 × 4 mm window. Following treatment, specimens were sectioned and erosion (drop in μm) measured using polarized light microscopy. Two-sample t-test was used to detect difference in amount of enamel erosion between negative and positive groups, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by post hoc Dunnett's test was used to detect difference between set of treatment groups and negative control groups or among all experimental groups. Results There was significant difference in mean amount of enamel erosion (p < 0.0001). Mean enamel erosion for positive control group was significantly greater than that for negative control group (23.50 vs 2.65 μm). There was significant effect for type of treatments on enamel erosion [F(9,50) = 25.19; p < 0.0001]. There was no significant difference between the negative control and each of treatment groups (p > 0.05 for all instances), except for Natural White_10 times treatment group (p < 0.0001) that was significantly greater than the negative control group (14.82 vs 2.65 μm). Conclusion Caution is advised when using certain over-thecounter products beyond recommended guidelines as there is potential for enamel erosion. Clinical significance Enamel erosion due to the overuse of whitening products varies for different modalities and products. Therefore, caution is advised when using certain over-thecounter products beyond recommended guidelines, as there is potential for enamel erosion. How to cite this article Brambert P, Qian F, Kwon SR. Erosion Potential of Tooth Whitening Regimens as Evaluated with Polarized Light Microscopy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):921-925.

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Obesity alters the collagen organization and mechanical properties of murine cartilage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80599-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amber T. Collins ◽

Guoli Hu ◽

Hunter Newman ◽

Michael H. Reinsvold ◽

Monique R. Goldsmith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Polarized Light Microscopy ◽

Indentation Modulus ◽

Knee Cartilage ◽

High Fat ◽

Collagen Organization ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a debilitating disease characterized by cartilage degradation and altered cartilage mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is well established that obesity is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of obesity on the mechanical properties of murine knee cartilage. Two-month old wild type mice were fed either a normal diet or a high fat diet for 16 weeks. Atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation was used to quantify the effective indentation modulus of medial femoral condyle cartilage. Osteoarthritis progression was graded using the OARSI system. Additionally, collagen organization was evaluated with picrosirius red staining imaged using polarized light microscopy. Significant differences between diet groups were assessed using t tests with p < 0.05. Following 16 weeks of a high fat diet, no significant differences in OARSI scoring were detected. However, we detected a significant difference in the effective indentation modulus between diet groups. The reduction in cartilage stiffness is likely the result of disrupted collagen organization in the superficial zone, as indicated by altered birefringence on polarized light microscopy. Collectively, these results suggest obesity is associated with changes in knee cartilage mechanical properties, which may be an early indicator of disease progression.

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Effect of sealants on laser fluorescence caries detection in primary teeth

Lasers in Medical Science ◽

10.1007/s10103-009-0745-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elina Askaroglou ◽

Katerina Kavvadia ◽

Panagiotis Lagouvardos ◽

Lisa Papagiannoulis

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Caries Detection

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An In Vitro Comparison of Different Diagnostic Methods in Detection of Residual Dentinal Caries

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2010/864935 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nimet Unlu ◽

Rabia Banu Ermis ◽

Sevgi Sener ◽

Ebru Kucukyilmaz ◽

Ali Riza Cetin

Keyword(s):

Excellent Agreement ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Perfect Agreement ◽

Average Accuracy ◽

Residual Caries ◽

Good Agreement

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of different diagnostic methods in detection of residual dentinal caries in excavated cavities. Fifty extracted molar with deep dentinal carious lesions were excavated using a slow-speed handpiece. All cavities were assessed by laser fluorescence(LF) device, electronic caries monitor(ECM), and caries detector dye(CDD) by three independent observers blindly. The measurements were repeated after two weeks. Specimens containing dentin slices 150 μm in thickness were prepared for histological analyses. The existence and absence of carious dentin was determined using a lightmicroscope. The average intraobserver accuracy was 1.00 (perfect agreement) for CDD, 0.86 (excellent agreement) for ECM, and 0.50 (good agreement) for LF. The average interobserver accuracy values were 0.92 (excellent agreement), (0.36 marginal agreement) and 0.48 (good agreement), for CDD, ECM, and LF, respectively. The average specificity was 0.60 for CDD, 73% for ECM, and 0.50 for LF. The average sensitivity was 0.55 for CDD, 0.85 for LF, and 0.47 for ECM. The average accuracy values were 0.53, 0.51, and 0.81 for CDD, ECM, and LF, respectively. LF had the greatest sensitivity and accuracy values of any of the methods tested. As a conclusion, LF device is appeared to most reliable method in detection of remain caries in cavity. However, because of its technical sensitivity it may susceptible to variations in measurements. To pay attention to the rule of usage and repeated measurements can minimize such variations in clinical practice. It was concluded that LF is an improvement on the currently available aids for residual caries detection.

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Measuring the Microscopic Structures of Human Dental Enamel Can Predict Caries Experience

10.20944/preprints202001.0064.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ariana M. Kelly ◽

Anna Kaliskova ◽

Erika C. Küchler ◽

Helena F. Romanos ◽

Andrea Lips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Assessment System ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Enamel Formation ◽

Sem Images ◽

Enamel Structure ◽

R Value

Objectives: The hierarchical structure of enamel gives insight on the properties of enamel and can influence its strength and ultimately caries experience. Presently, past caries experience is quantified using the decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, missing, filled surface (DMFT/DMFS for permanent teeth; dmft/dmfs for primary teeth) or international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) scores. By analyzing the structure of enamel, a new measurement can be utilized clinically to predict susceptibility to future caries experience based on a patient’s individual’s biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas, influence caries experience through genetic variation of the genes involved in enamel formation. Materials and Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of enamel from primary teeth were used to measure number of prisms by square millimeter and interprismatic spaces, prism density and gap distances between prisms in the enamel samples. The measurements were tested to explore a genetic association with variants of selected genes and correlations with caries experience based on the individual’s DMFT+ dmft score and enamel microhardness at baseline, after an artificial lesion was created and after the artificial lesion was treated with fluoride. Results: Associations were found between variants of genes including ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, tuftelin interactive protein 11, beta defensin 1, matrix metallopeptidase 20 and enamel structure variables measured. Significant correlations were found between caries experience and microhardness and enamel structure. Negative correlations were found between number of prisms by square millimeter and high caries experience (r value= -0.71), gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created (r value= -0.70), and gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created and then treated with fluoride (r value= -0.81). There was a positive correlation between number of prisms by square millimeter and prism density of the enamel (r value= 0.82). Conclusions: our data support that genetic variation may impact enamel formation, and therefore influence susceptibility to dental decay and future caries experience. Clinical Relevance: The evaluation of enamel structure that may impact caries experience allows for hypothesizing that the identification of individuals at higher risk for dental caries and implementation of personalized preventative treatments may one day become a reality.

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