scholarly journals Techniques to Analyze the Effects of Radiation Therapy on Enamel and Dentin - A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Nidharsh D. Hegde ◽  
Suchetha Kumari N. ◽  
Ganesh Sanjeev ◽  
Priya G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Radiation Caries ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

AbstractRadiation therapy is a most common source in the treatment of Head and neck cancers. The therapy has a positive outcome in curing patients out of danger at an effective rate. But there are few major and minor side effects of the treatment which will possibly hinder the quality of life. One such major concern followed with the therapy is Radiation related caries. Radiation is known to damage the tissues of the teeth making it more susceptible for caries. Hence this review article details on techniques that is being used to test the mechanical and morphological properties of the teeth. The changes observed in these tissues after radiation treatment will enable us to understand the causes for caries. therefore further research in this field is necessary to develop strategies that will probably prevent radiation caries in future days.

scholarly journals Prevention and correction of radiation dermatitis with basic skin care: doctor and patient consensus

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
D. A. Khlanta ◽  
D. S. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Radiation Dermatitis ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Post Radiation

External beam radiation therapy is widely used by doctors around the world as one of the most common form of cancer treatment. The radiotherapy can help reduce the treatment aggression as compared with the surgical intervention in a large number of clinical situations, which ensures that the patient's quality of life will be decreased to a lesser extent in the after-treatment period. However, like the vast majority of anticancer treatments, the radiation therapy has a number of side effects, which are classified into acute radiation reactions and post-radiation injuries. Among them is radiation dermatitis, which is one of the most common adverse reactions to the radiotherapy. This complication manifests as erythema, as well as hyperpigmentation, dry and itchy skin, hair loss. In addition to the obvious negative impact on the patient's quality of life, some of the above factors can result in the development of a secondary skin infection. As one of the most frequent post-radiation complications, radiation dermatitis places radiotherapists before a challenge to reduce the incidence rates of this side effect, as well as to decrease the intensity of its clinical manifestations if it occurs. This challenge suggests the search for targeted drugs aimed to prevent and treat clinical symptoms. To date, dermatocosmetic products that are used to relieve skin manifestations of radiation treatment complications is an alternate option of the effective solution to the problem of radiation dermatitis. In the described clinical case, we assess the experience of using some of the dermatocosmetic products in a patient with a florid form of radiation dermatitis. 

scholarly journals ADVANCES IN THE NEUROSURGICAL AND COMBINED TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Sameh R.A. Ibrahim ◽  
Alexey Shkarubo ◽  
Ludmila Astafyeva ◽  
Gennady Chmutin ◽  
Egor Chmutin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Tumor Spread ◽  
Small Tumor Size

Aim. The study was carried out to identify and analyze the factors of a positive outcome of surgical and radiation treatment of acromegaly. Methods. The work was performed on clinical material and summarizes treatment results of 256 patients (90 males and 166 females). 86% of patients underwent surgical treatment, 14% of patients received radiation therapy during 2002–2018. Significance of factors of a positive outcome of treatment was carried out using the RStudio program. Results. The results of the study revealed that: 1. Significant factors (p <0.05) of a positive outcome of surgical treatment of acromegaly are somatostatin analogs (SSA) therapy before surgery, a small tumor size (microadenomas), and the absence of extrasellar tumor spread. 2. The most significant factor in achieving remission of acromegaly after non-radical adenomectomy is postoperative therapy with SSA (p <0.05). 3. Aggressive pituitary tumors invading surrounding structures, high baseline IGF-1 levels, unfavorable histological findings, macroadenomas, growth hormone levels above 10 μg/L before therapy, and extrasellar tumor spread were associated with less favorable outcomes of acromegaly radiation therapy (RT) (p <0.05). The most significant factor in achieving remission of acromegaly is SSA therapy after RT (p <0.05). Conclusion. Surgical treatment is the optimal primary treatment for acromegaly. Drug therapy with SSA is effective and the preferred treatment after non-radical surgery.

A review of radiation genomics: integrating patient radiation response with genomics for personalised and targeted radiation therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xu ◽  
Beverley Osei ◽  
Ernest Osei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Genomic Data

AbstractBackgroundThe success of radiation therapy for cancer patients is dependent on the ability to deliver a total tumouricidal radiation dose capable of eradicating all cancer cells within the clinical target volume, however, the radiation dose tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissues becomes the main dose-limiting factor. The normal tissue adverse effects following radiotherapy are common and significantly impact the quality of life of patients. The likelihood of developing these adverse effects following radiotherapy cannot be predicted based only on the radiation treatment parameters. However, there is evidence to suggest that some common genetic variants are associated with radiotherapy response and the risk of developing adverse effects. Radiation genomics is a field that has evolved in recent years investigating the association between patient genomic data and the response to radiation therapy. This field aims to identify genetic markers that are linked to individual radiosensitivity with the potential to predict the risk of developing adverse effects due to radiotherapy using patient genomic information. It also aims to determine the relative radioresponse of patients using their genetic information for the potential prediction of patient radiation treatment response.Methods and materialsThis paper reports on a review of recent studies in the field of radiation genomics investigating the association between genomic data and patients response to radiation therapy, including the investigation of the role of genetic variants on an individual’s predisposition to enhanced radiotherapy radiosensitivity or radioresponse.ConclusionThe potential for early prediction of treatment response and patient outcome is critical in cancer patients to make decisions regarding continuation, escalation, discontinuation, and/or change in treatment options to maximise patient survival while minimising adverse effects and maintaining patients’ quality of life.

scholarly journals The effects of radiation therapy on quality of life of women with breast carcinoma

Cancer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 2260-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Whelan ◽  
Mark Levine ◽  
Jim Julian ◽  
Peter Kirkbride ◽  
Peter Skingley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Methodology and results of a pain-assessment process for patients receiving radiation therapy treatment.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
Angela McDuffie ◽  
Eleanor Elizabeth Harris ◽  
Anita Proctor ◽  
Leann Potter ◽  
Timothy Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Patient Pain ◽  
Therapy Treatment

105 Background: Patients receiving radiation therapy treatment often exhibit pain as a consequence of their cancer or treatment, and is a major factor affecting the patient’s quality of life and functional status. Accreditation standards require pain to be assessed and managed, which are key components in successful implementation of a radiation therapy plan of care. Multifactorial causes for cancer pain, the subjective nature of pain assessment, and the protracted nature of radiation delivery make it necessary to routinely evaluate patient pain using quantifiable metrics. These evaluations can then be used to develop and evaluate effectiveness of interventional strategies. Methods: Internal “spot check” chart review in early 2015 showed deficits in 16 of 37 charts (43.2%) reviewed for pain assessments, revealing documentation well below the required threshold (95%). As a result, the Department of Radiation Therapy revised the process for the accepted 10-point intensity scale to evaluate patient pain. This revised process included staff re-education, workflow adjustments, and nursing evaluation prior to, during, and the end of the radiation treatment course using a standardized pain scale form. Documentation was accomplished by means of vital sign template encounter tool used by Nursing at the time of initial consult, for weekly on-treatment visits (OTVs), and end of treatment (EOT) encounter. Results: Data were monitored for the period of April-June 2015 and reported as a continuous quality improvement (CQI) activity to the department’s Quality Committee. Amassed data showed a total of 186 unduplicated patients were treated during this period, and 181 (97.3%) were assessed for pain. Conclusions: Ongoing monitoring is an important strategy to assure complete evaluation, treatment and outcomes of patient pain while receiving radiation treatment. A clearly defined and quantifiable process is important to facilitate monitoring and ongoing pain management. Improvements in consistency of pain assessment and management promote enhanced focus on patient pain and contribute to delivery of care, and patient quality of life and performance status.

scholarly journals The Radiation Response of Sarcomas by Histologic Subtypes: A Review With Special Emphasis Given to Results Achieved With Razoxane

Sarcoma ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Rhomberg
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Radiation Response ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
High Let

Purpose. Relatively few results are available in the literature about the radiation response of unresectable sarcomas in relation to their histology. Therefore, an attempt was made to summarize the present situation. Materials and methods. This report is based on a review of the literature and the author's own experience. Adult-type soft tissue sarcomas, chondrosarcomas, and chordomas were analyzed. Radioresponse was mainly associated with the degree of tumor shrinkage, that is, objective responses. Histopathologic responses, that is, the degree of necrosis, are only discussed in relation to radiation treatment reports of soft tissue sarcomas as a group. Results. Radiation therapy alone leads to major responses in about 50% of lipo-, fibro-, leiomyo-, or chondrosarcomas. The response rate is less than 50% in malignant fibrous histiocytomas, synovial, neurogenic, and other rare soft tissue sarcomas. The response rates may increase up to 75% through the addition of radiosensitizers such as halogenated pyrimidines or razoxane, or by the use of high-LET irradiation. Angiosarcomas become clearly more responsive if biologicals, angiomodulating, and/or tubulin affinic substances are given together with radiation therapy. Razoxane is able to increase the duration and quality of responses even in difficult-to-treat tumors like chondrosarcomas or chordomas. Conclusions. The available data demonstrate that the radioresponsiveness of sarcomas is very variable and dependent on histology, kind of radiation, and various concomitantly given drugs. The rate of complete sustained remissions by radiation therapy alone or in combination with drugs is still far from satisfactory although progress has been made through the use of sensitizing agents.

scholarly journals MELADERM-trial: Melatonin cream against acute radiation dermatitis in patients with early breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Zetner ◽  
Claus Kamby ◽  
Faisal Mahmood ◽  
Jacob Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Radiation Dermatitis ◽  
Double Blind

Radiation dermatitis following radiation therapy in the treatment of early breast cancer can lead to discontinuation or prolongation of treatment and an impaired quality of life. Melatonin has been demonstrated to protect against radiation injury. The aim of this study is to investigate whether melatonin can protect against radiation dermatitis when applied topically in women receiving radiation therapy for early breast cancer. This study will be a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind controlled trial. Patients will apply the melatonin or placebo preparation topically twice daily for the duration of their radiation therapy. Our objective outcomes will be the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group’s acute radiation morbidity scoring criteria for skin, image analysis of clinical photographs, and use of steroid cream for radiation dermatitis. Subjective outcomes will be quality of life questionnaires developed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Outcomes will be measured throughout the five weeks of radiation treatment and be followed up for another three weeks. According to sample-size calculations and inclusion schedule, we intend to include a total of 80 evaluable patients. We will analyze the primary outcomes using parametric and non-parametric tests where applicable. Secondary outcomes will be analyzed by a mixed linear model. Most patients with breast cancer who undergo radiation therapy will develop radiation dermatitis as a result of the therapy. Should our intervention provide better outcomes, many patients could obtain a better quality of life. We expect topical melatonin treatment to have little or no adverse effects, to be easy to apply, and not to interfere with the anti-tumor efficacy of the radiation therapy.

ReCAP: Improving the Quality of Radiation Treatment for Patients in Ontario: Increasing Peer Review Activities on a Jurisdictional Level Using a Change Management Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Reddeman ◽  
Sophie Foxcroft ◽  
Eric Gutierrez ◽  
Margaret Hart ◽  
Elizabeth Lockhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Leadership Team ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

QUESTION ASKED: What is the impact of the Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) strategy (designed with guidance from a change management framework) to accelerate the use of peer-review processes in radiation oncology (ie, review of a radiation oncologist’s proposed treatment plan by a second radiation oncologist with or without additional multidisciplinary input) across all of its 14 cancer treatment centers? SUMMARY ANSWER: By following a number of key change management principles for organizational transformation, the proportion of radical-intent radiation therapy courses peer reviewed province-wide increased from 43.5% (April 2013) to 68.0% (March 2015), with some centers reaching over 95%. METHODS: The initiative design was guided by the Kotter eight-step process for organizational transformation, including the creation of a multidisciplinary leadership team, site visits to individual centers, the development of education and implementation processes (done in collaboration with each center), and the creation of new performance metrics for central reporting. Monitoring of these metrics enabled the leadership team to track the percentage of radiation therapy courses peer reviewed and the timing of peer review (before 25% treatment visits complete, after 25% treatment visits complete). Performance targets for the quality measures were arrived at by consensus that included engagement of all center radiation treatment program leaders. BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR(S), DRAWBACKS: Peer review has been shown to increase quality of care. However, it requires that resources be invested, including the time and effort of radiation oncologists, and the programmatic work required to organize, execute, and document peer-review activities. There is currently no way of confirming the quality of peer-review activities. REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS: A change management framework can be useful for planning and achieving substantial increases in peer-review activities on a jurisdictional basis. Ongoing work will capitalize on facilitators of peer review and on addressing barriers to its application that were identified as part of the initiative. Guidance for peer-review activities specific to common clinical cases is required and is under development. The principles of peer review could be extended to other oncological disciplines with the goal of improving individual patient care and overall program quality. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Dose Calculation Algorithms for External Radiation Therapy: An Overview for Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6806
Author(s):  
Fortuna De Martino ◽  
Stefania Clemente ◽  
Christian Graeff ◽  
Giuseppe Palma ◽  
Laura Cella
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Therapeutic Technique ◽  
Calculation Algorithms ◽  
Medical Physicists ◽  
Dose Calculation Algorithms ◽  
External Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy (RT) is a constantly evolving therapeutic technique; improvements are continuously being introduced for both methodological and practical aspects. Among the features that have undergone a huge evolution in recent decades, dose calculation algorithms are still rapidly changing. This process is propelled by the awareness that the agreement between the delivered and calculated doses is of paramount relevance in RT, since it could largely affect clinical outcomes. The aim of this work is to provide an overall picture of the main dose calculation algorithms currently used in RT, summarizing their underlying physical models and mathematical bases, and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, referring to the most recent studies on algorithm comparisons. This handy guide is meant to provide a clear and concise overview of the topic, which will prove useful in helping clinical medical physicists to perform their responsibilities more effectively and efficiently, increasing patient benefits and improving the overall quality of the management of radiation treatment.

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