Image Searching System

Finding similar images on a visual sample is a difficult AI task, to solve which many works are devoted. The problem is to determine the essential properties of images of low and higher semantic level. Based on them, a vector of features is built, which will be used in the future to compare pairs of images. Each pair always includes an image from the collection and a sample image that the user is looking for. The result of the comparison is a quantity called the visual relativity of the images. Image properties are called features and are evaluated by calculation algorithms. Image features can be divided into low-level and high-level. Low-level features include basic colors, textures, shapes, significant elements of the whole image. These features are used as part of more complex recognition tasks. The main progress is in the definition of high-level features, which is associated with understanding the content of images. In this paper, research of modern algorithms is done for finding similar images in large multimedia databases. The main problems of determining high-level image features, algorithms of overcoming them and application of effective algorithms are described. The algorithms used to quickly determine the semantic content and improve the search accuracy of similar images are presented. The aim: The purpose of work is to conduct comparative analysis of modern image retrieval algorithms and retrieve its weakness and strength.

METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATIONS WITH THE USE OF DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION TECHNOLOGIES

In order to obtain reliable information about the stress-strain state of the structure, subjected to loading, it is necessary to determine deformations` distribution. In some cases, it is almost impossible to assess stress-strain state with the traditional approaches. However, the DIC methods provide reliable information about the fields of displacement and deformation almost without limitations. Such approaches are rather effective for determination of the stress-strain state on smooth surfaces and in zones with stress concentrators. The DIC method is based on the comparison of the intensity of speckle pictures` distribution of optically rough surfaces. The combination of the intensities of correlation peaks with the corresponding calculation algorithms at the subpixel level makes it possible to obtain high measurement accuracy with simpler hardware compared to electronic interferometry technologies. The main purpose of this work is the detailed analysis of techniques and methods for determination of deformations with the use of digital image correlation. The article includes detailed review of existing studies of this topic and description of main principles for analytical computation of the optical data.

Analysis and Evaluation of CDPR Cable Sagging Based on ANFIS

The cable sagging problem of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) is very complicated, because several models for calculating cable sag based on the well-known catenary equation have been studied, but time and computational efficiency are a problem to be solved. There is still no simple mathematical model to calculate cable sag by considering all relevant conditions due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the cable sagging model, which involves many dominant variables and their influence on the position accuracy of CDPRs. In this study, we proposed an ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) architecture to estimate cable sag for large-sized CDPRs. The ANFIS model can be used to solve nonlinear functions and detect nonlinear factors online in the control system; this characteristic is consistent with the nonlinear model of cable sag. The trained data for ANFIS models were taken from calculation results by Trust-Region-Dogleg algorithm based on two cable tension calculation algorithms as Dual Simplex Algorithm and Force Distribution in Closed Form. Cable sagging data obtained from ANFIS and Trust-Region-Dogleg algorithm are compared and evaluated by statistical factors of evaluations consisting of root-mean-square error, correlation coefficients, and scatter index. The analytical results show that the ANFIS gave computed results with small errors and can be applied to predict cable sagging for any CDPR configuration, with the advantage of fast calculation time and high precision. The results of these models are also applied on a CDPR that contains two redundant actuators.

Shapley-Based Estimation of Company Value—Concept, Algorithms and Parameters

The aim of the article is to propose a new method of valuation of a company, considering its ownership relations with other companies. For this purpose, the concept of the Shapley value from cooperative game theory is used as the basis for assessing such dependent companies. The paper presents proposals for Shapley value calculation algorithms for our model. We expand our model by discussing personal relations in addition to ownership relations and point out how intuitionistic fuzzy sets may be helpful in this context. As a result, we propose two new expanded models. In the first probabilistic model, we apply Pearson’s correlation coefficient, in the second, we use a correlation coefficient between intuitionistic fuzzy sets to determine the personal relationships. Finally, we present and interpret results for a real-world economic network with 17 companies.

A Study on the Possibility of Measuring Sludge Sedimentation Using Contrast Detection Characteristics of CdS Photoresistors

Although operators periodically measure the sludge volume index (SVI) to stabilize the bioreactor and solid–liquid separation during the wastewater treatment process, there is a problem of inconsistency attributed to the subjective judgment of the operator. This study aims to investigate the possibility of securing objective data by employing CdS (cadmium–sulfur) photoresistors for SVI measurements. The sedimentation velocity of settling sludge was measured using LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights at the same level as the installed CdS photoresistors. As a result of the experiment, the settling velocity of sludge in the CdS photoresistors’ installation position H1 to H8 (non-flocculent settling), H9 to H12 (discrete flocculent settling) and H13 to H18 (zone settling and compressive settling), was 0.594 mm/s, 0.180 mm/s and 0.056 mm/s, respectively. Through this study, it was confirmed that measuring sludge sedimentation using the CdS photoresistors is possible. If the measurement of solid matter in sludge using several sludge sedimentation measurements is enabled in the future, it will be possible to develop calculation algorithms to measure the SVI.

Development of a Program for Calculating the Air Regime of a Building

The article describes the main differences between a specialized program for calculating the air regime of a building and universal software systems. Algorithms for creating a mathematical model, calculation algorithms and applications are given. A brief description of the principles of the program, the requirements for computer technology and software are given.

Wages in Russia in 2015-2021

The article presents analysis of the wage dynamics in the Russian Federation in 2015-2020 and the first half of 2021. In 2018 Russia changed the methodology for calculating separate items in the Balance sheet of the population monetary income and expenses. This concerned, among other things, the item of payment for work, from which hidden (officially unaccounted for) wages and other cash receipts were excluded, and payroll fund of employees in organizations was singled out. Besides, Rosstat developed methods for estimating average wages of all employees (working in organizations, for individual entrepreneurs, farmers and individuals) and published the results for 2015-2021. The article also presents author's estimation of the average wages of employees working for individual entrepreneurs, farmers, and individuals in 2018-2020. In 2020 average wages of these categories of workers made 72.9% of the average wages of all employees and 60.2% of the employed in organizations. Due to lack of official data on the wage differentiation of all employees, the article provides variants of its estimation for 2017-2019 using primary data from SSPI. Low wages of those working for individual entrepreneurs, farmers and individuals serve as a factor of higher earnings inequality of all categories of employees. In 2019 R/P 10% ratio made by different calculation algorithms 18.5 and 15.7 times against 13 times for those employed in organizations. There are provided results on the impact of the minimum wage on the level and differentiation of wages.

Calculation of elements of machine-building structures on vibration strength

A method and an automated system for calculating structural elements for vibration strength have been developed. The calculation algorithms are based on a new method of forming Rayleigh-type functionals and minimizing them by the coordinate descent method. The use of the coordinate descent method avoids the problems associated with the formation, storage and operation of global matrices of stiffness and mass. This makes it possible to solve large-scale problems using only the operational memory of the PC. The developed approach allows to solve problems on own and forced fluctuations. The software is formed on a modular basis, which allows you to improve and expand this package of applications. The software has been tested on a large number of test and application tasks. The proposed calculation method and the developed automated system were implemented in engineering practice.