Cranial Ultrasound Is an Important Tool in the Recognition of Life-Threatening Infratentorial Hemorrhage in Newborns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Steenis ◽  
M. Fumagalli ◽  
M. C. Kruit ◽  
C. M. P. C. D. Peeters-Scholte ◽  
L. S. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Neurosurgical Intervention ◽  
Ultrasound Features

AbstractTimely detection of severe infratentorial hemorrhage in neonates is crucial, especially in case of life-threatening brain stem compression and/or acute obstructive hydrocephalus, which need lifesaving neurosurgical intervention. Although the detection of infratentorial hemorrhage by ultrasound scanning is often considered as difficult, the use of additional acoustic windows and recognition of characteristic ultrasound features facilitate early diagnosis. In this case series, we report on newborns with severe, symptomatic infratentorial hemorrhage detected primarily by cranial ultrasound. We demonstrate the characteristic ultrasound features present in all cases and discuss how ultrasound diagnosis contributed to early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Congenital Dermal Sinus: case series and the consequences of late diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(September-December)) ◽  
pp. e622020
Author(s):  
Alick Durão Moreira ◽  
Antonio Bellas ◽  
Marcelo Sampaio Poousa ◽  
Rafaeldos Santos Mitraud Mitraud ◽  
Tatiana Protzenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Dermal Sinus ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Image Study ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction:Congenital Dermal Sinuses (CDS) are rare closed dysraphisms that can present throughout the extent of the neuroaxis. They occur due to a failure of the disjunction of the neuroectoderm and cutaneous ectoderm in a focal point during 3-4 week of embryogenic development. The prevalence of CDS of all types has been estimated to be 1 in 2,500 live births, most commonly localized in the lumbar region. More than half of the cases are associated with dermoid or epidermoid tumors. Clinical presentation of CDS usually consists in cutaneous stigmas like dimples, which has the potential to be diagnosed at birth. However, the majority of patients are diagnosed older and after complications such as meningitis, abscess, osteomyelitis, rupture of an associated epi/dermoid cyst. Once suspected the patient should be submitted to an image study with CT scan and/or MRI, and surgical consultation. Complete exeresis is the definitive treatment. Case report: we present 3 cases of CDS, including an extremely rare case of frontonasal location, to illustrate the extent of the disease and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. All of the 3 cases presented with complications, requiring surgical treatment and long term antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Although well reported in the literature, CDS are usually diagnosed after complications. The knowledge of clinical presentation, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent its life threatening complications. 

Orthodontic management of impacted mandibular second molars: A case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Andrea Cunningham ◽  
Dipali Patel ◽  
Zahra Sheriteh
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

This case series describes a number of different treatment modalities used in the management of impacted mandibular second molars (MM2s). A variety of cases is used to illustrate a number of ways in which these teeth can be managed, and to demonstrate that each case should be managed on an individual basis, taking into account the overall malocclusion. The importance of early diagnosis and management is highlighted throughout. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case series highlights the difficulties and challenges in managing patients who present with impacted lower second molars (MM2s), and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmia as first presentation of Tuberculosis—Early diagnosis and successful treatment: A case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Mohan Nair ◽  
Pranav Bhagirath ◽  
Rajesh Gothi ◽  
Gautum Singal ◽  
Pritam Kitey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Life Threatening

scholarly journals Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia: Management and Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sweety kumari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Suspicion Index

Traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI) is a fairly uncommon with incidence of 0.8 and 1.6 %, commonest fallowing blunt trauma abdomen. Right-side have higher mortality rate compared to left side and penetrating injuries. It present as occult to obvious. Laparoscopy offers diagnostic and therapeutic tool of care. Lack of awareness of the condition may delay in diagnosis, results life threatening complications. Missed hernia is a known complication of blunt trauma as acute diagnosis can be difficult to ascertain. An early diagnosis and treatment lead to better outcome. In present study CECT revealed acute diaphragmatic hernia, bilateral pleural effusion and hair line fracture of right tibia on skiagram limb. Because of uncertainty in diagnosis of acute diaphragmatic hernia or rupture surgeons faces challenges for the management, high suspicion index required to diagnose the cases. An early diagnosis and treatment lead to better outcome

COMORBIDADES ASSOCIADAS A MOLA HIDATIFORME: COMO DIAGNOSTICAR E TRATAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Isabela Borges Corrêa ◽  
Mariana Rocha Machado de Carvalho ◽  
Nayara Pettine Dias Soares ◽  
Hanna Helena Lopes ◽  
Luciana Zenóbio Quadra Vieira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
De Se ◽  
Aspiration Technique ◽  
Life Threatening

RESUMO A mola hidatiforme é uma forma benigna da doença trofoblástica gestacional pouco frequente na gravidez e com potencial para evoluir para formas que necessitam de tratamento sistêmico e podem ameaçar a vida. As apresentações com molas de grande volume, com eliminação de vesículas e anemia, são cada vez menos frequentes devido ao uso sistemático de ultrassonografia gestacional no primeiro trimestre de gestação que permite o diagnóstico precoce. Ainda assim, raramente podem ocorrer certas complicações, como hemorragia, hipertireoidismo, pré-eclâmpsia, insuficiência respiratória e cistos ovarianos, que exigem conduta imediata e encaminhamento das pacientes para centro de referências que realizem aspiração uterina, preferencialmente, pela técnica de vácuo-aspiração, a fim de se evitar possíveis intercorrências, dentre as quais a perfuração uterina. Deve ser realizado seguimento rigoroso, sistemático e pontual para diagnóstico precoce de NTG e preservação da fertilidade das mulheres acometidas. Enfatizar os métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento das principais comorbidades associadas a mola hidatiforme é o objetivo deste estudo, que foi realizado através de uma revisão de literatura , utilizando artigos dos últimos 15 anos, nacionais e internacionais arquivados nos bancos de dados MEDLINE, BIREME, PUBMED, SciELO e Livros periódicos analisados nas biblioteca do Instituto Presidente Antônio Carlos.   Palavras-chave: Comorbidades associadas a gravidez molar. Mola hidatiforme – diagnóstico e tratamento. Neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional. ABSTRACT A hydatidiform mole is a benign form of infrequent gestational trophoblastic disease in pregnancy and it has the potential to evolve into forms that require systemic treatment and can be life-threatening. Presentations with large amounts of moles, with elimination of vesicles and anemia, are becoming less frequent due to the systematic use of gestational ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy that allows early diagnosis. Still, it could rarely occur certain complications, such as bleeding, hyperthyroidism, preeclampsia, respiratory failure and ovarian cysts, requiring immediate management and referral to the center of reference to perform a uterine aspiration, preferably by vacuum aspiration technique, in order to avoid possible complications, among them uterine perforation. It should be rigorous systematic and timely followed, for early diagnosis of NTG and preservation of affected women’s fertility. This paper aims to emphasize the methods of diagnosis and treatment of major comorbidities associated with hydatidiform mole. This course conclusion work was done through a literature review, using articles from the last 15 years, national and international, using the databases MEDLINE, BIREME, PUBMED, SciELO and periodicals Books analyzed in the library of the Instituto Presidente Antonio Carlos. Keywords: Comorbidities associated with molar pregnancy. Hydatidiform mole - Diagnosis and Treatment. Neoplasia gestational trophoblastic.

scholarly journals Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A case series; From Sepsis to Malignancy: Early diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Activation Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or macrophage activation syndrome(MAS) is a syndrome of fulminant cytokine storm leading to multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality rate. HLH may be Familial or Primary(fHLH) and Secondary (sHLH).FHLH is due to mutation in gene coding for perforin or NK cell of CD8 lymphocytes. sHLH may be associated with hematological malignancies, autoimmune disorders like SLE,Still’s diseae, kawasaki disease, infections and sepsis of various etiology starting from bacteria ,viral protozoal ,fungal and zoonotic infection. Main presenting features are fever, hepatospleenomegly, cytopenia,high ferritin level, high serum triglyceride and haemophagocytosis in bone marrow spleen or lymphnode. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this series we describe Five cases ,(two cases of SLE,one B-Cell lymphoma, one case of scrub typhus,one case of kleibsiella pneumoniae presenting as sepsis ) with their clinical, laboratory investigations, management and outcome with special correlation of ferritin level and HS score with the prognosis. All patients managed with I.V.Methyl prednisolone 30 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days and out come is assessed. CONCLUSION: MAS in SLE and sepsis is a life threatening unrecognised condition, early diagnosis and treatment can increase the survival rate by many folds . a drop of ferritin level by 15% after 48 hrs of treatment is a surrogate marker of good prognosis. From H scoring cut off value 169 corresponds to sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 86%.

scholarly journals Complex Congenital Heart Disease in an Infant - A Case Report and Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 3505-3507
Author(s):  
Srinivas Naik ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Gajendra Agrawal ◽  
Chetan Rathi ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ductus Venosus ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening

Congenital heart disease (CHD) often poses a great diagnostic challenge for physicians. Despite antenatal diagnostic tests advancing to a great level, accurate diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases is mandatory. These diseases range from mild to severe life-threatening scenarios sometimes having vague presentations making diagnosis even more difficult. Early diagnosis and treatment are usually lifesaving.1 Congenital heart diseases can often be classified as cyanotic and acyanotic based on clinical presentation. After birth, fetal structures like foramen ovale, ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus are no longer required for survival and they begin to close.2 Persistence of such structures after birth is a sign of congenital heart diseases. High mortality contributing diseases which require prompt intervention include hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), coarctation of aorta (COA), interrupted aortic arch (IAA), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), critical aortic stenosis (AS) pulmonary atresia (PA) and tricuspid atresia (TA).3 They contribute to significant mortality amongst neonatal age groups. Recognition of congenital heart diseases based on clinical fractures like cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnoea, irritability, refusal to feed stabilisation and prompt referral to tertiary cardiac centre are critical to improve outcomes in neonates with CHDs, seizures, murmur etc is diagnostically challenging but lifesaving. Life-threatening CHDs may perhaps present with cyanosis, respiratory distress, shock or collapse; all of these are also frequent clinical presentation of various respiratory problems or sepsis in newborn. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the only life saving measures.

scholarly journals A Rare Presentation of Cervical Pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Seema Hakim ◽  
Shazia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Cervical Pregnancy ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

ABSTRACT Cervical pregnancy is a pregnancy where implantation occurs in the cervix of uterus rather than occurring in the uterine cavity. It is a rare life-threatening condition so early diagnosis and treatment can save life. Here, we are reporting a case of cervical pregnancy which presented to us with amenorrhea and bleeding per vaginum after misoprostol intake. How to cite this article Parveen S, Hakim S. A Rare Presentation of Cervical Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(1):40-41.

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