Orthodontic management of impacted mandibular second molars: A case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Andrea Cunningham ◽  
Dipali Patel ◽  
Zahra Sheriteh
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

This case series describes a number of different treatment modalities used in the management of impacted mandibular second molars (MM2s). A variety of cases is used to illustrate a number of ways in which these teeth can be managed, and to demonstrate that each case should be managed on an individual basis, taking into account the overall malocclusion. The importance of early diagnosis and management is highlighted throughout. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case series highlights the difficulties and challenges in managing patients who present with impacted lower second molars (MM2s), and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

A Sialolith and a Megalith: a Report of Two Cases

Dental Update ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Jawaad Ahmed Asif ◽  
Paras Ahmad ◽  
Tahir Yusuf Noorani
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
First Case ◽  
Free Swelling

Sialolithiasis is considered as one of the most frequently encountered diseases of the salivary glands. The most susceptible site is the submandibular gland and its duct. However, megaliths have been sparsely reported in the literature. This article portrays management of a sialolith and a megalith in a 26-year-old and a 59-year-old male patient, respectively. The sialolith in the first case case was 4 mm long, whereas the second case demonstrated a megalith measuring 46 mm at its greatest size. Follow-up revealed normal functioning and a painless gland in the first case, while the second case showed no eventful complications. It is interesting to know that both patients remained relatively pain-free, despite having such longstanding sialolith/megaliths. After removal of the small sialolith, the gland regained its normal functioning swiftly, whereas in the case of the megalith, the gland removal was mandatory because such a longstanding megalith led to irreversible functional injury to the gland. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A giant sialolith can be easily misdiagnosed as a submandibular infection or neoplasm, especially when the patient presents with a longstanding pain-free swelling. Hence, early and appropriate referral and investigation is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer: Conventional Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities and Recent Patents and Technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S29420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Nounou ◽  
Fatema ElAmrawy ◽  
Nada Ahmed ◽  
Kamilia Abdelraouf ◽  
Satyanarayana Goda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Cancer Management

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. However, increased survival is due to the dramatic advances in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and breakthroughs in treatments. Over the course of the last decade, many acquisitions have taken place in this critical field of research in the pharmaceutical industry. Advances in molecular biology and pharmacology aided in better understanding of breast cancer, enabling the design of smarter therapeutics able to target cancer and respond to its microenvironment efficiently. Patents and research papers investigating diagnosis and treatment strategies for breast cancer using novel technologies have been surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanocarriers have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of breast cancer, conventional therapy, novel technologies in the management of breast cancer, and rational approaches for targeting breast cancer. Highlights Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, survival rates vary widely, optimistically heading toward a positive trend. Increased survival is due to the drastic shift in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and breakthroughs in treatments. Different strategies of breast cancer classification and staging have evolved over the years. Intrinsic (molecular) subtyping is essential in clinical trials and well understanding of the disease. Many novel technologies are being developed to detect distant metastases and recurrent disease as well as to assess response to breast cancer management. Intensive research efforts are actively ongoing to take novel breast cancer therapeutics to potential clinical application. Most of the recent research papers and patents discuss one of the following strategies: the development of new drug entities that specifically target the breast tumor cells; tailor designing a novel carrier system that can multitask and multifunction as a drug carrier, targeting vehicle and even as a diagnostic tool, direct conjugation of a therapeutic drug moiety with a targeting moiety, diagnostic moiety or pharmacokinetics altering moiety; or the use of innovative nontraditional approaches such as genetic engineering, stem cells, or vaccinations.

scholarly journals A CASE OF NEONATAL SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH SEPSIS LIKE PRESENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Oznur Yilmaz Gondal ◽  
Ebru Yalin Imamoglu ◽  
Elif Yuksel Karatoprak
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Type I ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
New Treatment

Introduction: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disease causing degeneration of nerves at anterior horn of spinal cord. The most common and severe form is SMA type 1 which starts before 6 months of age. Patients do not survive more than 2 years and usually die of respiratory failure. Although there was no specific cure for the disease until the last 3 years, new treatment modalities, with the improving gene-technology have given good results in progression of the disease and early diagnosis and treatment gained importance. Case: A male 28-days-old baby visited our clinic for routine physical examination and was found to be slightly hypotonic. He had decreased strength in sucking and crying and had slowing in motion in the last 4-5 days. C-reactive protein level was slightly elevated. Since he had a sepsis-like presentation, he was referred to neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). He was given antibiotics and monitored. However, in follow-up he became more hypotonic and deep tendon reflexes were lost. He was diagnosed as SMA type I and was referred for nusinersen (antisense-oligonucleotide) treatment. After treatment, he showed a good progress in motor functions and still does not need any respiratory support. Conclusions: We presented this case to draw attention to SMA in differential diagnosis of hypotonic newborns with sepsis-like presentation and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A case series; From Sepsis to Malignancy: Early diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Activation Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or macrophage activation syndrome(MAS) is a syndrome of fulminant cytokine storm leading to multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality rate. HLH may be Familial or Primary(fHLH) and Secondary (sHLH).FHLH is due to mutation in gene coding for perforin or NK cell of CD8 lymphocytes. sHLH may be associated with hematological malignancies, autoimmune disorders like SLE,Still’s diseae, kawasaki disease, infections and sepsis of various etiology starting from bacteria ,viral protozoal ,fungal and zoonotic infection. Main presenting features are fever, hepatospleenomegly, cytopenia,high ferritin level, high serum triglyceride and haemophagocytosis in bone marrow spleen or lymphnode. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this series we describe Five cases ,(two cases of SLE,one B-Cell lymphoma, one case of scrub typhus,one case of kleibsiella pneumoniae presenting as sepsis ) with their clinical, laboratory investigations, management and outcome with special correlation of ferritin level and HS score with the prognosis. All patients managed with I.V.Methyl prednisolone 30 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days and out come is assessed. CONCLUSION: MAS in SLE and sepsis is a life threatening unrecognised condition, early diagnosis and treatment can increase the survival rate by many folds . a drop of ferritin level by 15% after 48 hrs of treatment is a surrogate marker of good prognosis. From H scoring cut off value 169 corresponds to sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 86%.

scholarly journals Congenital Dermal Sinus: case series and the consequences of late diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(September-December)) ◽  
pp. e622020
Author(s):  
Alick Durão Moreira ◽  
Antonio Bellas ◽  
Marcelo Sampaio Poousa ◽  
Rafaeldos Santos Mitraud Mitraud ◽  
Tatiana Protzenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Dermal Sinus ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Image Study ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction:Congenital Dermal Sinuses (CDS) are rare closed dysraphisms that can present throughout the extent of the neuroaxis. They occur due to a failure of the disjunction of the neuroectoderm and cutaneous ectoderm in a focal point during 3-4 week of embryogenic development. The prevalence of CDS of all types has been estimated to be 1 in 2,500 live births, most commonly localized in the lumbar region. More than half of the cases are associated with dermoid or epidermoid tumors. Clinical presentation of CDS usually consists in cutaneous stigmas like dimples, which has the potential to be diagnosed at birth. However, the majority of patients are diagnosed older and after complications such as meningitis, abscess, osteomyelitis, rupture of an associated epi/dermoid cyst. Once suspected the patient should be submitted to an image study with CT scan and/or MRI, and surgical consultation. Complete exeresis is the definitive treatment. Case report: we present 3 cases of CDS, including an extremely rare case of frontonasal location, to illustrate the extent of the disease and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. All of the 3 cases presented with complications, requiring surgical treatment and long term antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Although well reported in the literature, CDS are usually diagnosed after complications. The knowledge of clinical presentation, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent its life threatening complications. 

scholarly journals Extremity chronic osteomyelitis in a population of North East India: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Tashi G. Khonglah ◽  
Bhaskar Borgohain ◽  
Wanlamkupar Khongwir ◽  
Kashif A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology, clinical features and the management of extremity chronic osteomyelitis in a population of North East India and to provide evidenced based guidelines for early diagnosis and treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively reviewed patients who were diagnosed and treated for extremity chronic osteomyelitis at a tertiary care hospital at Shillong in North East India. Medical records for all patients were analysed and details on gender, age at incidence, anatomical site, infecting organisms, levels of inflammatory markers, and the various treatment modalities were evaluated.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 131 patients (96 males and 35 females) were included in this study. The median age at first diagnosis was 17 years for all. Infections caused by hematogenous osteomyelitis was found to be slightly more than those of traumatic origin. All patients had single site infections with a majority of lesions affecting the lower extremities. The tibia was the most common site in traumatic osteomyelitis while the femur was mostly involved in hematogenous osteomyelitis. The positive rate for all cultures was at 57.25% with the most commonly encountered organism being <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Treatment methods used in our study included radical debridement with the use of local and systemic antibiotics and reconstruction of bony or soft tissue defects. The overall infection control rate was 96.18%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings from this study can provide information for early diagnosis and treatment of this form of bone infection particularly in this part of the country. </p>

scholarly journals Anterior Cervical Arachnoid Cyst in A Child: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
DM Arman ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Ekramullah ◽  
Sudipta Kumer Mukherjee ◽  
Misbahuddin Ahmed ◽  
MA Quddus Mia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Arachnoid Cysts ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Intradural Arachnoid Cysts

Intradural arachnoid cysts involving the spine are uncommon and especially rare in an anterior cervical location. In the literature, among 15 patients, 8 were in the paediatric age group and in 3 patients the cyst was localized to the full length of the cervical spinal canal. Although they occur secondary to trauma, haemorrhage, surgery or inflammation, most of them are known to be idiopathic or congenital. Although the disease shows a dramatic neurological course, early diagnosis and treatment could provide good results. In the paediatric age group, cervical anterior intradural arachnoid cyst is an unusual cause of quadriparesis. The rarity of this condition and the relevance of MRI in the accurate and early diagnosis is discussed here. A 4 year-old girl with a intradural arachnoid cyst extending from C4 to C7 situated anteriorly is reported here; diagnosis and treatment modalities are discussed.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 52-56

Case report of a geminated premolar and hypodontia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Paula Sinnott ◽  
Sunil Sah ◽  
Chris Barker
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Developmental Disturbance

This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a non-syndromic unilateral geminated second premolar complicated by hypodontia of three second premolars. Gemination is defined as a developmental disturbance of the shape of teeth and is usually recognized as a partial cleavage of a single tooth germ resulting in one root and one pulp space with two partially or totally separated crowns. Hypodontia is defined as the developmental absence of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars. Geminations of maxillary second premolars are rarely reported. These dental anomalies can cause local malocclusion manifesting as crowding or spacing. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Diagnosis of dental anomalies such as gemination can be difficult. This paper discusses the diagnosis and management of one such case which involved CBCT.

scholarly journals Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome: A Simple Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Yazeed Ali S. Albalawi ◽  
Reema Ibrahim A. Albaltan ◽  
Turki Abdullah A. Alzahrani ◽  
Ahad Mohammed Almutairi ◽  
Meshael Alawi Almatari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Complications ◽  
Acute Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Long Duration

The study aimed to summarize the updated evidence regards, Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Acute compartment syndrome. Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a condition in which pressure builds up inside a closed osteofascial compartment, impairing local circulation. Early diagnosis and treatment are credited with the best outcomes following Acute Compartment Syndrome. The severity of compartment syndrome varies from mild to severe. Fasciotomies should be performed very soon if the patient have acute compartment syndrome. The treatment of late compartment syndrome (delayed or missing diagnosis) is more problematic. Long duration of acute compartment syndrome without treatment can cause irreversible damage that’s why early intervention is a must, non-operative measurement is preferred if possible, to prevent any surgical complications, however if surgery is needed it must be performed with Two-incision fasciotomy being the most used method.

scholarly journals Early diagnosis and management of traumatic dura tear with brachial plexus injury without spinal lesions in childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
A. Khelifa ◽  
L. Berchiche ◽  
I. Assoumane ◽  
M. Al-Zekri ◽  
B. Yakoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ligamentous Injury ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Spinal Lesions ◽  
Spinal Lesion

Although the dura is a thick membrane, it could be severed in spine surgery and less frequently by a traumatism (7,8,10); in this case, it is usually accompanied with bone or ligamentous injury (2). Rare cases are reported of a traumatic dura tear without spinal lesion and would suspect in the first place a brachial plexus injury (2,8). Dura tears are rarely seen in childhood (3). We report a case of early diagnosis of dura tear in brachial plexus injury without bone or ligamentous lesions on a child of 4 years old and we discuss the diagnostic and treatment modalities.

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