Homoeopathy for Adjustment Disorder: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 041-051
Author(s):  
S. Karunakara Moorthi ◽  
Susu Pertin ◽  
S.V. Vishnupriya ◽  
K.C. Muraleedharan ◽  
P. Radhika
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Self Harm

AbstractDespite its high prevalence in clinical and consultant liaison psychiatry populations, adjustment disorder (AD) research has traditionally been hindered by its lack of clear diagnostic criteria. Here, we are presenting five cases of AD diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Five patients who consulted at the Out Patient Department of National Homoeopathy Research Institute of Mental Health, Kerala, India, with symptoms of AD were treated with individualised homoeopathic medicine. Assessment of the symptoms was done using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items. Details of consultations, treatment and assessment are summarised. Possible causal attribution of changes was explicitly depicted by Naranjo Criteria. It shows the positive role of homoeopathic treatment in AD.All five patients showed marked improvement.We were able to prevent the considerable self-harm and suicidality associated with AD. However, more extensive research is needed in the topic to prove the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic medicine in AD.

scholarly journals Adjustment Disorder and Suicidal Behaviours Presenting in the General Medical Setting: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Fegan ◽  
Anne M. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Background Adjustment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Adjustment disorder (AD) is a condition commonly encountered by clinicians in emergency departments and liaison psychiatry settings and has been frequently reported among patients presenting with suicidal behaviours. A number of previous studies have noted the strong association between suicidal ideation and behaviours, and AD. In this paper, we aimed to explore this relationship, by establishing the incidence of AD in patients who present with self-harm and suicidal ideation, and the rates of self-harm among patients with a diagnosis of AD. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature of well-established databases using specific key words then synthesised the results into a descriptive narrative as well as representing it in table form. Results: Sample sizes and study methods varied significantly across the review. A majority of studies were retrospective chart-based reviews, and only three used structured diagnostic instruments. A high prevalence of AD (ranging from 9.8 to 100%) was found, with self-poisoning representing the most common form of suicide attempt in the majority of studies. Interpersonal difficulties were the main precipitant in studies which examined this. Conclusions: This study suggests there is a strong association between AD and suicidal behaviours. Given the paucity of research in the area, there is a need to build the evidence base for effective treatment strategies.

Treatment for Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Randy O. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Empirically Supported

This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder, and provides numerous assessment and intervention forms to help clients use the methods described in the intervention. A major goal of the treatment is to recapture the positive role of possessions in the lives of people with hoarding problems, and strategies are outlined for sustaining gains and making further progress, as well as for managing stressful life events that can provoke problematic acquiring and difficulty discarding.

Treatment for Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Randy O. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Filing System

This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this online client workbook outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder. It helps to guide clients through their treatment for hoarding disorder with their clinician. It includes homework, forms, exercises, and behavioral experiments to test personal beliefs about possessions, develop an organization plan and filing system, and sort and organize items room by room. A major goal of the treatment is to recapture the positive role of possessions in the lives of people with hoarding problems, and strategies are outlined for sustaining gains and making further progress, as well as for managing stressful life events that can provoke problematic acquiring and difficulty discarding.

scholarly journals Sociocultural Context of Suicidal Behaviour in the Sundarban Region of India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Chowdhury ◽  
S. Banerjee ◽  
A. Brahma ◽  
A. Hazra ◽  
M. G. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Self Harm

The role of mental illness in nonfatal deliberate self-harm (DSH) is controversial, especially in Asian countries. This prospective study examined the role of psychiatric disorders, underlying social and situational problems, and triggers of DSH in a sample of 89 patients hospitalised in primary care hospitals of the Sundarban Delta, India. Data were collected by using a specially designed DSH register, Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC), and clinical interview. Psychiatric diagnosis was made following the DSM-IV guidelines. The majority of subjects were young females (74.2%) and married (65.2%). Most of them (69.7%) were uncertain about their “intention to die,” and pesticide poisoning was the commonest method (95.5%). Significant male-female differences were found with respect to education level, occupation, and venue of the DSH attempt. Typical stressors were conflict with spouse, guardians, or in-laws, extramarital affairs, chronic physical illness, and failed love affairs. The major depressive disorder (14.6%) was the commonest psychiatric diagnosis followed by adjustment disorder (6.7%); however 60.7% of the cases had no psychiatric illness. Stressful life situations coupled with easy access to lethal pesticides stood as the risk factor. The sociocultural dynamics behind suicidal behaviour and community-specific social stressors merit detailed assessment and timely psychosocial intervention. These findings will be helpful to design community-based mental health clinical services and community action in the region.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Detailed Experience of Nightmare and Nightmare Disorder in Chinese University Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110141
Author(s):  
Chu Wang ◽  
Jiayao Xu ◽  
Mufan Wang ◽  
Xu Shao ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
The University

Nightmares influence the mental health of university students, but the prevalence of nightmare and nightmare disorder requires additional documentation. The data of detailed nightmare experience of nightmare disorder and related depressive mood in this population are also scarce. First, a total of 1,451 students in a comprehensive Chinese university were invited to report their nightmare frequency. Sixty-eight patients with nightmare disorder were diagnosed using a semi-structured clinical interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Second, 60 patients with nightmare disorder (8 of 68 patients were dismissed due to data incompletion) and 124 gender-matched, healthy students were invited to answer the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). Of 1,451 students, 923 reported nightmares (its annual prevalence was 63.61%), and 68 were diagnosed with nightmare disorder (its prevalence was 4.69%), with a female preponderance. The mean PVP and four NEQ scale scores in patients were higher than those in healthy students. The PVP scores were correlated with NEQ Physical Effect in patients, and with Negative Emotion in healthy students. This is the first report regarding nightmare disorder prevalence and detailed nightmare experience in university students. The findings of a high prevalence of nightmare disorder in women and elevated scores of nightmare experience among patients in the university population might help address the mechanisms and the management of patients with nightmare disorder.

scholarly journals Revising Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Gabriela Tavella ◽  
Glenda Macqueen ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Heinz Grunze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
International Experts

Objective: To derive new criteria sets for defining manic and hypomanic episodes (and thus for defining the bipolar I and II disorders), an international Task Force was assembled and termed AREDOC reflecting its role of Assessment, Revision and Evaluation of DSM and other Operational Criteria. This paper reports on the first phase of its deliberations and interim criteria recommendations. Method: The first stage of the process consisted of reviewing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and recent International Classification of Diseases criteria, identifying their limitations and generating modified criteria sets for further in-depth consideration. Task Force members responded to recommendations for modifying criteria and from these the most problematic issues were identified. Results: Principal issues focussed on by Task Force members were how best to differentiate mania and hypomania, how to judge ‘impairment’ (both in and of itself and allowing that functioning may sometimes improve during hypomanic episodes) and concern that rejecting some criteria (e.g. an imposed duration period) might risk false-positive diagnoses of the bipolar disorders. Conclusion: This first-stage report summarises the clinical opinions of international experts in the diagnosis and management of the bipolar disorders, allowing readers to contemplate diagnostic parameters that may influence their clinical decisions. The findings meaningfully inform subsequent Task Force stages (involving a further commentary stage followed by an empirical study) that are expected to generate improved symptom criteria for diagnosing the bipolar I and II disorders with greater precision and to clarify whether they differ dimensionally or categorically.

scholarly journals A case series on the clinical profile of avoidant–restrictive food intake disorder in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Lai ◽  
Ashwin Chee ◽  
Victor Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Treatment Default ◽  
Default Rate ◽  
High Treatment

Little is known about the new Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, diagnosis of Avoidant–Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). Without sufficient knowledge about the disorder, its detection and treatment are hampered. This study highlights eight cases diagnosed with ARFID between 2013 and June 2016 who presented to our treatment facility, the only specialized Eating Disorders program in Singapore. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and their parents, and their case notes retrieved and reviewed. There were five males and three females, with ages ranging from 15 to 39 years, a mean age of 20 years and body mass index of 16.1 kg/m2 at time of diagnosis. The presentation of cases was heterogeneous, including selective eating behaviors, very restricted food choices, anxiety towards specific foods and with comorbid mood symptoms. A majority of the cases displayed ARFID symptoms early in childhood, suggesting the need to inform parents, educators and healthcare professionals. The study also found a high treatment default rate amongst the patients, warranting further investigation. Due to the heterogenous presentation of ARFID, the authors appeal for further exploration to be carried out and more to be done to increase the awareness of this condition in both the medical profession and general population.

Holly's Story: Illustration of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Case

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051
Author(s):  
A. Aureli ◽  
D. Piancatelli ◽  
T. Del Beato ◽  
P. Sebastiani ◽  
V. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Allele Drb1

During the last 10 years a significant increase of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been reported. ADHD is believed to have a multifactorial etiology including multiple genetic and prenatal environmental factors. For this reason, there has been a recent revival regarding the role of autoimmunity in this pathology. An ADHD combined-type patient born from a drug-addicted mother was studied. Neuropsychological tests according to the criteria of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM4) permitted us to make the ADHD-diagnosis. The HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles of the child were determined by sequence-based typing (SBT) after DNA extraction. Although no autistic behavioral features were observed in the patient, a double genetic association between ADHD and autism was reported. In fact, HLA class I alleles (A*02 and B*44) associated to autism and the HLA class II allele (DRB1*04) associated both to autism and ADHD were identified.

Chronic pain and the psychiatrist

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
B. Van Houdenhove
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

SUMMARYChronic pain is a phenomenon with important psychiatric aspects from a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic point of view. The place of chronic pain in the different versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the differential-diagnosis are critically discussed. The comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders is extensively treated. Finally, the essential role of the psychiatrist in the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of these patients is emphasised.

Trauma in Late Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sakauye ◽  
James E. Nininger
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Biological Differences

This chapter focuses on the prevalence of trauma exposure and posttraumatic problems in the elderly and reviews information on resilience and suggested treatment approaches. While posttraumatic stress disorder in the elderly has been studied, less is known about other common trauma- and stressor-related disorders including adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, and traumatic grief. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition) defines trauma as “exposure or actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.” It must be directly experienced, witnessed, or occur to a family member or friend, or it could be a repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of a traumatic event. No event is always traumatic, and, conversely, even a seemingly mild negative event can be traumatic to some individuals. Two presumed variables are (a) appraisal of the situation (whether a person feels in control) and (b) individual biological differences in responsiveness.

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