The Application of P300-Long-Latency Auditory-Evoked Potential in Parkinson Disease

Abstract Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Despite the motor symptoms, PD patients also consistently show cognitive impairment or executive dysfunction. The auditory event-related potential P300 has been described as the best indicator of mental function, being highly dependent on cognitive skills, including attention and discrimination. Objective To review the literature on the application and findings of P300 as an indicator of PD. Data Analysis The samples ranged from 7 to 166 individuals. Young adult and elderly male patients composed most study samples. The Mini-Mental State Examination test, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used to assess neurological and cognitive function. In terms of testing hearing function, few studies have focused on parameters other than the P300. The factors we focused on were how the P300 was modified by cognitive effects, its correlation with different PD scales, the effect of performing dual tasks, the effect of fatigue, and the influence of drug treatments. Conclusion The use of the P300 appears to be an effective assessment tool in patients with PD. This event-related potential seems to correlate well with other neurocognitive tests that measure key features of the disease.

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Validating a problem-based learning process assessment tool in a Nepalese medical school

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v4i2.24589 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Shambhu Kumar Upadhyay ◽

Shital Bhandary ◽

Satish Raj Ghimire ◽

Babu Raja Maharjan ◽

Ira Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Problem Based Learning ◽

Process Assessment ◽

Student Behaviors ◽

School Students ◽

Point Rating Scale ◽

Valid Instrument

Introductions: The newly established Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) has incorporated the measurement of non-cognitive skills and behaviors into the summative assessment in the setting of problem based learning (PBL). This study was conducted to validate a PBL process assessment tool for PAHS. Methods: A list of 72 items of student behaviors observable in PBL tutorials was compiled from literature review. They were categorized under ten broad dimensions consistent with predefined PAHS Graduate Attributes. A series of PBL project committee meetings and expert inputs refined the list of 72 items to 47 and categorized them under eight dimensions. These 47 items, each with a 4-point rating scale, formed the Tutor Assessment of Student Tool (TAS-Tool). Twenty-four trained faculty members used the TAS-Tool to evaluate the performance of 41 senior high school students in PBL tutorials. Results: The internal-consistency of the TAS-Tool was very high (Cronbach’s α = 0.954). Removal of two inconsistent items further increased it to 0.975. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation applied to the remaining 45 items gave seven components and explained 69.47% of the variation between the components. These seven components (% variation) were: Immersed in the Tutorial Process (20.16%); Professional (12.71%); Communicator and Team Leader (11.25%); Critical Thinker (8.77%); Reflector (6.22%); Creative (5.95%), and Sensitive (4.41%). Conclusions: TAS-Tool was found to be reliable and valid instrument deemed applicable in formative PBL process assessment at PAHS starting with the pioneer cohort of medical students. Further validation of TAS-Tool through longitudinal study with PAHS students is required for summative purpose.

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The Relationship Between Minimum Data Set Ratings and Scores on Measures of Communication and Hearing Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/1058-0360(2001/031) ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 370-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tammy Hopper ◽

Kathryn A. Bayles ◽

Frances P. Harris ◽

Audrey Holland

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Minimum Data Set ◽

Nursing Facilities ◽

Data Set ◽

Minimum Data ◽

Hearing Function ◽

The Relationship

The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is a federally mandated assessment tool used to evaluate individuals residing in skilled nursing facilities, a large percentage of whom have dementia. Best described as a rating scale, it comprises items related to 16 domains of functioning, including communication and hearing. Typically, the MDS is completed by a nurse. When a deficit is observed, Resident Assessment Protocols (RAPs) are designed to address the impairment and provide information for appropriate plans of care. The purposes of this study were to: (a) comprehensively assess the communication and hearing function of nursing home residents with dementia, (b) evaluate the relationship between ratings on MDS communication and hearing items and the performance of dementia patients on standardized assessments, and (c) determine the number of residents with MDS-identified deficits who received a referral for further evaluation. Fifty-seven individuals with a medical diagnosis of dementia participated. All exhibited deficits in communication and hearing function; however, the majority of participants were rated as having normal or adequate communication and hearing on the MDS. Of those participants with MDS-identified impairments in communication and hearing, none was referred for further evaluation. Implications for policy and care for nursing home residents with dementia are discussed.

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Objective structured assessment of technical skill in temporal bone dissection: validation of a novel tool

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121001201 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

M Stavrakas ◽

G Menexes ◽

S Triaridis ◽

P Bamidis ◽

J Constantinidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Bone ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Technical Skill ◽

Global Rating Scale ◽

Global Rating ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cortical Mastoidectomy

Abstract Objective This study developed an assessment tool that was based on the objective structured assessment for technical skills principles, to be used for evaluation of surgical skills in cortical mastoidectomy. The objective structured assessment of technical skill is a well-established tool for evaluation of surgical ability. This study also aimed to identify the best material and printing method to make a three-dimensional printed temporal bone model. Methods Twenty-four otolaryngologists in training were asked to perform a cortical mastoidectomy on a three-dimensional printed temporal bone (selective laser sintering resin). They were scored according to the objective structured assessment of technical skill in temporal bone dissection tool developed in this study and an already validated global rating scale. Results Two external assessors scored the candidates, and it was concluded that the objective structured assessment of technical skill in temporal bone dissection tool demonstrated some main aspects of validity and reliability that can be used in training and performance evaluation of technical skills in mastoid surgery. Conclusion Apart from validating the new tool for temporal bone dissection training, the study showed that evolving three-dimensional printing technologies is of high value in simulation training with several advantages over traditional teaching methods.

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The mechanism and effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus for treatment of Parkinson disease

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2004.100.6.0997 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 997-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mitsuhiro Ogura ◽

Naoyuki Nakao ◽

Ekini Nakai ◽

Yuji Uematsu ◽

Toru Itakura

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Globus Pallidus ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Fine Print ◽

Stimulation Of

Object. Although chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus (GP) has been shown to ameliorate motor disabilities in Parkinson disease (PD), the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study the authors explored the mechanism for the effects of deep brain stimulation of the GP by investigating the changes in neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the stimulation. Methods. Thirty patients received chronic electrical stimulation of the GP internus (GPi). Clinical effects were assessed using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale at 1 week before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. One day after surgery, CSF samples were collected through a ventricular tube before and 1 hour after GPi stimulation. The concentration of neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, dopamine, and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the CSF was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The treatment was effective for tremors, rigidity, and drug-induced dyskinesia. The concentration of GABA in the CSF increased significantly during stimulation, although there were no significant changes in the level of noradrenaline, dopamine, and HVA. A comparison between an increased rate of GABA concentration and a lower UPDRS score 6 months postimplantation revealed that the increase in the GABA level correlated with the stimulation-induced clinical effects. Conclusions. Stimulation of the GPi substantially benefits patients with PD. The underlying mechanism of the treatment may involve activation of GABAergic afferents in the GP.

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Factor Analysis of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe)

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191102250339 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Julie C. Stout ◽

Rebecca E. Ready ◽

Janet Grace ◽

Paul F. Malloy ◽

Jane S. Paulsen

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Behavior Rating Scale ◽

Neurological Patients ◽

Frontal Systems ◽

Behavior Scale ◽

Behavior Disturbances ◽

Modest Level

The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), formerly called the Frontal Lobe Personality Scale (FLOPS), is a brief behavior rating scale with demonstrated validity for the assessment of behavior disturbances associated with damage to the frontal-subcortical brain circuits. The authors report an exploratory principal factor analysis of the FrSBe–Family Version in a sample including 324 neurological patients and research participants, of which about 63% were diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases). The three-factor solution accounted for a modest level of variance (41%) and confirmed a factor structure consistent with the three subscales proposed on the theoretical basis of the frontal systems. Most items (83%) from the FrSBe subscales of Apathy, Disinhibition, and Executive Dysfunction loaded saliently on three corresponding factors. The FrSBe factor structure supports its utility for assessing both the severity of the three frontal syndromes in aggregate and separately.

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The use of an antagonist 5-HT2a/c for depression and motor function in Parkinson' disease

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2009000300007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 67 (2b) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Antonio Luiz dos Santos Werneck ◽

Ana Lucia Rosso ◽

Maurice Borges Vincent

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Motor Function ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Initial Moment ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

To Receive ◽

Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To test the ability of a 5HT2a/c (trazodone) antagonist, to improve depression and motor function in Parkinson' disease (PD). METHOD: Twenty PD patients with and without depression were randomly assigned to receive trazodone (group 1) or not (group 2). They were evaluated through UPDRS and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). RESULTS: For the UPDRS the mean score of group 2 was 33.1 ± 19.7 and 37.1 ± 18.0 at the end. For the group 1, the corresponding scores were 31.4 ± 11.3 and 25.9 ± 13.7. The variations in the Mann-Whitney test were 0.734 at the initial moment and 0.208 at the final moment. The variation in the comparison of the initial moment with the final moment was 0.005 providing statistical significance. For the HAM-D, the mean score went up 4 points in group 2, contrary to a 5.5 points decrease in group 1. CONCLUSION: Data analysis shows that this agent significantly improves depression, but the motor function improved only in the depressed patients. Because of the known anti-dopaminergic property of the 5-HT2c receptors, a possible approach for depression in PD could be the use of 5-HT2c antagonists, similarly to the use of atypical neuroleptics in case of psychotic symptoms.

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Urinary dysfunction with detrusor hyperactivity in women with Parkinson's disease cannot be blamed as a factor of worsening motor performance

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20130101 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 71 (9A) ◽

pp. 591-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raimundo Nonato Campos-Sousa ◽

Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius Quagliato ◽

Kelson James Almeida ◽

Inacio Augusto Dias de Castro ◽

Viriato Campelo

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Urinary Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Yahr Scale ◽

Disease Rating ◽

Detrusor Hyperactivity

Introduction Detrusor hyperactivity is the leading cause of urinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). There are few studies correlating PD clinical aspects with this autonomic feature. Methods A cohort of 63 women with PD were prospectively examined for assessment of clinical aspects and disease severity using unified Parkinson's disease rating scale and Hoehn-Yahr scale, respectively. The urologic function was evaluated by the urodynamic study. Two groups were categorized at this time - groups with and without detrusor hyperactivity. After seven years, the same parameters were re-evaluated. Results Progression of the disease on mental scores was found in the group with detrusor hyperactivity. On follow-up, clinical symptoms and severity did not show significant worsening between the groups. Conclusion Detrusor hyperactivity is a frequent urodynamic finding in PD, and even though it is associated with dopaminergic dysfunction, it cannot be blamed as a factor of worsening motor performance, but is probably associated with poor cognitive and mental prognosis.

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Relationship between self-rated health and depression risk among children: Promoting school–medical care cooperation for child suicide prevention

10.21203/rs.3.rs-676382/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michiyo Okada ◽

Yoshihiro Nakadoi ◽

Ai Fujikawa

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

High School Students ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Poor Health ◽

Symptom Duration ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Self Rating ◽

Health Group

Abstract Background Japan is facing a markedly high incidence of adolescent suicide. This study examines the relationship between depression and self-rated health, which is a significant factor driving people toward suicide, highlighting the importance of children’s assessments of their health. Methods In this cross-sectional study, an original questionnaire combining text and illustrations was administered to 6,421 elementary, junior, and senior high school students. To assess children’s self-rated health, we classified the survey questions into two domains: physical and mental health. We further classified the questions based on symptom duration. Depression assessment was based on the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children. To provide a basis for the effective use of the self-rated health assessment tool, we classified the respondents into three groups based on physical/mental conditions together with the duration of those conditions and made comparisons. The groups were Favorable Health, Temporarily Poor Health, and Persistently Poor Health, and the results were analyzed using an ANOVA. Results Self-rated health levels decreased, and depressive conditions worsened with age. Although most children led physically and mentally healthy school lives, the mean Depression Self-Rating Scale score was significantly higher for the Persistently Poor Health group than the other two, and the Temporarily Poor Health group scored significantly higher than the Favorable Health group for both physical and mental health (all p < 0.001). Conclusions As the Temporarily and Persistently Poor Health groups in the domains of physical and mental health are more likely to be depressed, timely cooperation between schools and medical institutions is imperative to prevent depression.

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Teste de Progresso na Escola Médica: uma Revisão Sistemática acerca da Literatura

Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica ◽

10.1590/1981-5271v44.1-20190194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ademir Garcia Reberti ◽

Nayme Hechem Monfredini ◽

Olavo Franco Ferreira Filho ◽

Dalton Francisco de Andrade ◽

Carlos Eduardo Andrade Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Student Performance ◽

Test Performance ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Active Role ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Progress Test ◽

Advanced Search

Abstract: Progress Test is an objective assessment, consisting of 60 to 150 multiple-choice questions, designed to promote an assessment of the cognitive skills expected at the end of undergraduate school. This test is applied to all students on the same day, so that it is possible to compare the results between grades and analyze the development of knowledge performance throughout the course. This study aimed to carry out a systematic and literary review about Progress Test in medical schools in Brazil and around the world, understanding the benefits of its implementation for the development of learning for the student, the teacher and the institution. The study was carried out from July 2018 to April 2019, which addressed articles published from January 2002 to March 2019. The keywords used were: “Progress Test in Medical Schools” and “Item Response Theory in Medicine” in the PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs platforms. There was no language limitation in article selection, but the research was carried out in English. A total of 192,026 articles were identified, and after applying advanced search filters, 11 articles were included in the study. The Progress Test (PTMed) has been applied in medical schools, either alone or in groups of partner schools, since the late 1990s. The test results build the students’ performance curves, which allow us to identify weaknesses and strengths of the students in the several areas of knowledge related to the course. The Progress Test is not an exclusive instrument for assessing student performance, but it is also important as an assessment tool for academic management use and thus, it is crucial that institutions take an active role in the preparation and analysis of this assessment data. Assessments designed to test clinical competence in medical students need to be valid and reliable. For the evaluative method to be valid it is necessary that the subject be extensively reviewed and studied, aiming at improvements and adjustments in test performance.

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Gamma Knife Thalamotomy for Parkinson Disease and Essential Tremor: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0b013e3182350893 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 526-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Chihiro Ohye ◽

Yoshinori Higuchi ◽

Toru Shibazaki ◽

Takao Hashimoto ◽

Toru Koyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Essential Tremor ◽

Gamma Knife ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

High Signal ◽

Lateral Part ◽

Thalamic Lesion ◽

Clinical Effects

Abstract BACKGROUND: No prospective study of gamma knife thalamotomy for intractable tremor has previously been reported. Objective: To clarify the safety and optimally effective conditions for performing unilateral gamma knife (GK) thalamotomy for tremors of Parkinson disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET), a systematic postirradiation 24-month follow-up study was conducted at 6 institutions. We present the results of this multicenter collaborative trial. Methods: In total, 72 patients (PD characterized by tremor, n = 59; ET, n = 13) were registered at 6 Japanese institutions. Following our selective thalamotomy procedure, the lateral part of the ventralis intermedius nucleus, 45% of the thalamic length from the anterior tip, was selected as the GK isocenter. A single 130-Gy shot was applied using a 4-mm collimator. Evaluation included neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging and/or computerized tomography, the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), electromyography, medication change, and video observations. Results: Final clinical effects were favorable. Of 53 patients who completed 24 months of follow-up, 43 were evaluated as having excellent or good results (81.1%). UPDRS scores showed tremor improvement (parts II and III). Thalamic lesion size fluctuated but converged to either an almost spherical shape (65.6%), a sphere with streaking (23.4%), or an extended high-signal zone (10.9%). No permanent clinical complications were observed. Conclusion: GK thalamotomy is an alternative treatment for intractable tremors of PD as well as for ET. Less invasive intervention may be beneficial to patients.

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