scholarly journals Cervical Angiomyolipoma Coexisting with Endometrial Carcinoma in the Absence of Tuberous Sclerosis: A Rare Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Femela Muniraj ◽  
C Divyapriya ◽  
Vijayashree Raghavan ◽  
Rajesh Kanna Nandhagopal Radha ◽  
Sailatha Ramanujam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hmb 45 ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractAngiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of variable admixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue; most commonly located in kidney, and is usually associated with tuberous sclerosis. Extrarenal AML has been reported in various sites, although infrequently in female genital tract (FGT). AML in cervix is extremely rare and only six cases have been reported so far. A 46-year-old postmenopausal female presented with lower abdominal pain, bleeding for 4 days and a polypoidal mass protruding through the cervical os. Endometrial curettings were suggestive of endometrial adenocarcinoma—endometrioid type (World Health Organization [WHO]). The subsequent hysterectomy specimen confirmed the diagnosis and the histologic grade was International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) grade I and stage was pT1aN0 (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], 8th edition). Cervical polyp showed AML. CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) showed diffuse positivity in blood vessels and smooth muscle cells, respectively. HMB-45 was negative. This is the first ever reported case of AML coexisting with endometrial carcinoma in the absence of tuberous sclerosis. CD34 is a good marker for delineating the blood vessels and SMA for both the smooth muscle and vascular components. S100 is generally not needed to prove the adipose tissue component. HMB-45 is not consistently expressed in AML of female genital tract.

Neuropeptide Y in the human female genital tract: localization and biological action

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. E220-E227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Jorgensen ◽  
S. P. Sheikh ◽  
A. Forman ◽  
M. Norgard ◽  
T. W. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Immunoreactive Material ◽  
Female Genital

The distribution, localization, and smooth muscle effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) were studied in the human female genital tract. High concentrations of NPY immunoreactivity were demonstrated in the uterine artery, the ovary, the fallopian tube, cervix, and the vagina. The NPY immunoreactivity was confined to nerve fibers. The highest density of nerve fibers was observed in relation to blood vessels, although some NPY-immunoreactive nerves were also seen close to nonvascular smooth muscle. The NPY-immunoreactive material throughout the genital tract was identical to synthetic amidated human NPY with regard to size, hydrophobicity, and charge as evaluated by gel filtration, high-performance liquid chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. NPY (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) exerted a direct vasoconstrictory effect on small arteries dissected from the cervix and an additive effect of NPY and norepinephrine responses was observed. Exogenous NPY did not have a direct effect on nonvascular smooth muscle specimens from the fallopian tube or the myometrium. The close relation between NPY-immunoreactive nerves and blood vessels, the presence of NPY-immunoreactive material identical to amidated synthetic human NPY, and the vasoconstrictory effects of NPY indicate that NPY is involved in the regulation of the blood flow in the human female genital tract.

scholarly journals Controversies in the Management of Endometrial Carcinoma: An Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Mehasseb ◽  
John A. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Female Genital

Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest type of female genital tract malignancy in the developed countries. Endometrial carcinoma is usually confined to the uterus at the time of diagnosis and as such usually carries an excellent prognosis with high curability. Our understanding and management of endometrial cancer have continuously developed. Current controversies focus on screening and early detection, the extent of nodal surgery, and the changing roles of radiation therapy and chemotherapy and will be discussed in this paper.

Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Female Genital Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Devereaux ◽  
J. Kenneth Schoolmeester
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis: A Challenging Imitator of Endometrial Carcinoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Işın Doğan-Ekici ◽  
Alp Usubütün ◽  
Türkan Küçükali ◽  
Ali Ayhan
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Female Genital

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished histopathological entity affecting several organs, predominantly the kidney and gallbladder. So far, only a small number of cases of xanthogranulomatous inflammation occurring in female genital tract have been described, most frequently affecting the endometrium and histologically characterized by replacement of endometrium by xanthogranulomatous inflammation composed of abundant foamy histiocytes, siderophages, giant cells, fibrosis, calcification and accompanying polymorphonuclear leucocytes, plasma cells and lymphocytes of polyclonal origin. We present a case of a 69-year-old female complained of post menopausal bleeding and weight loss. Clinical preliminary diagnoses were endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia and ultrasound was supposed to be endometrial malignancy, hyperplasia or pyometra by radiologist. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed xanthogranulomatous endometritis. Since xanthogranulomatous endometritis may mimic endometrial malignancy clinically and pathologically as a result of the replacement of the endometrium and occasionally invasion of the myometrium by friable yellowish tissue composed of histiocytes, knowledge of this unusual inflammatory disease is needed for both clinicians and pathologists.

Canine smooth muscle tumors: A clinicopathological study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110668
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Avallone ◽  
Valeria Pellegrino ◽  
Luisa Vera Muscatello ◽  
Paola Roccabianca ◽  
Gastone Castellani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mitotic Count ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Ki67 Labeling Index ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
Criteria Of Malignancy ◽  
Female Genital

Canine smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) commonly develop in the alimentary and female genital tracts and less frequently in soft tissue. The definition of histological criteria of malignancy is less detailed for SMTs in dogs than in humans. This study evaluated the clinicopathologic features of canine SMTs and compared the veterinary and human medical criteria of malignancy. A total of 105 canine SMTs were evaluated histologically and classified according to both veterinary and human criteria. The Ki67 labeling index was assessed in all SMTs. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression was evaluated for soft tissue SMTs. Follow-up data were available in 25 cases. SMTs were diagnosed in the female genital tract (42%), alimentary tract (22%), and soft tissue (20%). Soft tissue SMTs frequently arose in the perigenital area, pelvic cavity, and retroperitoneum. A subset of soft tissue SMTs expressed ER and/or PR, resembling the gynecologic type of soft tissue SMT in humans. SMTs were less frequently malignant when assessed with human criteria than with veterinary criteria, better reflecting their benign behavior, especially in the genital tract where human criteria tolerate a higher mitotic count for leiomyoma. Decreased differentiation was correlated with increased proliferation, necrosis, and reduced desmin expression. Mitotic count, Ki67 labeling index, and necrosis were correlated with metastases and tumor-related death. Further prognostic studies are warranted to confirm the better performance of the human criteria when assessing SMT malignancy, especially genital cases, to confirm their usefulness in ER/PR-expressing soft tissue SMTs, and to better define the most useful prognostic parameters for canine SMTs.

Steroid Receptors in Canine and Human Female Genital Tract Tumours with Smooth Muscle Differentiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Millán ◽  
A. Gordon ◽  
A. Espinosa de los Monteros ◽  
C. Reymundo ◽  
J. Martín de las Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Muscle Differentiation ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Smooth Muscle Differentiation ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in Female Genital Tract

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Sharma Shukla ◽  
Khushbakhat Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasm ◽  
Female Genital

Context.— Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a mesenchymal neoplasm of low malignant potential. It was first described in lung, but is known to occur in many extrapulmonary sites including female genital organs, most commonly the uterus. It has a high recurrence rate and a low risk for metastasis. A more recently described aggressive variant, epithelioid myofibroblastic sarcoma with a predilection for the abdominal cavity of males, has also been recently reported to occur in the ovary. This tumor is composed of spindled and epithelioid myofibroblasts in a variably myxoid stroma and commonly shows a fascicular growth pattern with positive staining for desmin, smooth muscle actin, and CD10, which may mimic a smooth muscle or endometrial stromal neoplasm. In the female genital tract it has the potential for being misdiagnosed as a leiomyoma, endometrial stromal tumor, or as a myxoid leiomyosarcoma, resulting in undertreatment or overtreatment. It harbors rearrangements in the ALK gene, resulting in abnormal expression of ALK protein. Immunostaining for ALK is a helpful diagnostic tool. Objective.— To provide a brief review of clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with emphasis on possible diagnostic pitfalls in the female genital tract. Data Sources.— Review of pertinent literature on inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor occurring in the female genital tract and personal experience of the authors. Conclusions.— Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the female genital tract can mimic other more common benign and malignant tumors like leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Familiarity with clinical and histologic features and use of ALK immunostaining can be critical for correct diagnosis.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: occurrence and relaxant effect in female genital tract

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. E108-E117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Steenstrup ◽  
P. Alm ◽  
J. Hannibal ◽  
J. C. Jorgensen ◽  
C. Palle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Female Genital

The distribution, localization, and smooth muscle effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) were studied in the human female genital tract. The concentrations of PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 were measured by radioimmunoassays, and both peptides were found throughout the genital tract. The highest concentrations of PACAP-38 were detected in the ovary, the upper part of vagina, and the perineum. The concentrations of PACAP-27 were generally low, in some regions below the detection limit and in other regions 1 to 5% of the PACAP-38 concentrations. Immunocytochemistry revealed that PACAP was located in delicate varicose nerve fibers that were most abundant in the internal cervical os, where they mainly seemed to innervate blood vessels and smooth muscle cells. PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 (10(-10)-10(-6) M) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of the spontaneous activity of the nonvascular smooth muscle strips from fallopian tube and myometrium in vitro. Likewise, both peptides (10(-10)-10(-6) M) caused relaxation of nonrepinephrine (10(-6) M)-precontracted intramyometrial arteries. No effect of the PACAP sequences, PACAP-(6-27), PACAP-(16-38), and PACAP-(18-27), on fallopian tube was observed. The findings suggest a smooth muscle regulatory role of PACAP in the human female reproductive tract.

Myogenic Markers in the Evaluation of Embryonal Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram F. J. Riedlinger ◽  
Harry P. W. Kozakewich ◽  
Sara O. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Female Genital

Rhabdomyosarcoma presents special diagnostic problems when it involves the uterine cervix in young children because tumor cells may lack marked atypia and may blend with the normal, immature, condensed, cellular stroma, rendering diagnosis difficult. Myogenic makers are a valuable ancillary technique for establishing a diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. However, desmin positivity has been reported in cervical stromal cells, which can confound diagnosis. To determine whether immunohistochemical markers of skeletal muscle differentiation are helpful in the diagnosis of uterine botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma, we compared the immunohistochemical staining pattern of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma from 3 patients with that of normal uteri from age-matched autopsy controls by using antibodies for desmin, smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, myoD1, myogenin, and WT-1. All tumors demonstrated at least focal immunopositivity for desmin, muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, myoD1, and WT-1, and 1 tumor was also positive for myogenin. Autopsy controls showed only scattered subepithelial stromal immunoreactivity for desmin, muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, and WT-1 and showed cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, immunopositivity for myoD1 and myogenin. Myometrium was diffusely positive for desmin and muscle-specific actin. We conclude that desmin, muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, and WT1 are not specific for discriminating embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma from normal subepithelial cells in the female genital tract of children, although the number of immunopositive cells is consistently larger in rhabdomyosarcoma. Nuclear staining for myoD1 and myogenin appears not to occur in normal tissue, but it may be absent or sparse in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Our findings indicate that, in this anatomic site, the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma and in particular determination of tumor margins remain very reliant on histomorphology.

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