A Surgical Perspective on the Association between Cystic Lesions of the Pineal Gland (Descartes' Seat of the Soul) and the Pituitary (the Master Gland)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa S. Montaser ◽  
Elise Y. Cho ◽  
Michael P. Catalino ◽  
Jack Hanna ◽  
Timothy R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Maximal Diameter ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Abstract Introduction Rene Descartes (1596–1650), the famous philosopher and scientist, identified the pineal gland as the only cerebral structure not represented bilaterally, the “seat of the soul”; and the source of rational thought. Pineal cysts (PCs) are often incidentally identified in MRI studies, with a reported prevalence of 1 to 4.3%. Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are pituitary lesions accounting for <1% of intracranial masses. There are scant data in the literature addressing any association between these two midline cystic lesions. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients presenting at our institution from April 2008 through February 2020, whose records indicated a diagnosis of RCC, and those whose records included pineal lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the association between these two midline lesions. Brain MRI studies were reviewed for the presence of PCs; only patients with PCs that measured ≥5 mm in diameter were included. Results We identified 116 patients with RCCs, and 34 patients with PCs, treated from April 2008 through February 2020. Among the RCC group, 14/116 patients (12%) had PCs. Among the PC group, 3/34 patients (8.8%) had RCCs. Overall, 17 patients (11.3%) had concomitant RCCs and PCs. The mean maximal diameter of the PCs was 7.5 mm (range = 5–17 mm), whereas the mean maximal diameter of RCCs was 13 mm (range = 5–40 mm). Conclusion The incidental diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pineal and pituitary gland is increasingly reported, primarily because of advances in current diagnostic modalities. Our data demonstrated no clear consensual association between pineal and pituitary cysts.

Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy: Case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s839-s839 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Solerdelcoll Arimany ◽  
M. Garriga ◽  
E. Parellada
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Weighted Sequences ◽  
Direct Toxicity ◽  
Progressive Cognitive Impairment

IntroductionDelayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is an underrecognized syndrome of delayed demyelination, where patients manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms after a period of 2–40 days of apparent recovery from a cerebral hypo-oxygenation episode.ObjectivesWe report a case of a patient who successfully recovered from an overdose of heroin, but then suffered a delayed abrupt neurological deterioration.AimsTo improve assessment and recognition of DPHL.MethodsAn adequate retrospective collection of clinical data and nonsystematic review of the literature was performed.ResultsA 43-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder who attempted suicide with an overdose of heroin, was successfully revived and return to his previously mental status, but 3 weeks after, he abruptly developed progressive cognitive impairment with akinetic mutism and ataxia. He was admitted to our acute psychiatric unit after brain CT and chemistry analyses were unremarkable. Brain MRI showed diffusely symmetric hyperintensity in the white matter (WM), pronominally the periventricular WM, on FLAIR and T2 weighted sequences. At 16 weeks postoverdose, he presented improvement both cognitive and motor symptoms, lasting deficits in frontal-executive functions.DiscussionDPHL is characterized by similar clinical and neuroimaging features regardless of the initial insult. The mean lucid interval coincides with the replacement half-life for myelin related lipids and proteins. Prolonged mild-to-moderate hypo-oxygenation of WM is thought to disrupt myelin turnover. It appears probable that these were responsible for DPHL in our patient rather than a direct toxicity.ConclusionDPHL can be diagnosed when clinical history, laboratory assessments and MRI findings are concordant. DPHL requires extensive support care and carries a relatively good prognosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals POS0803 TRENDS IN THE INCIDENCE OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS ACROSS SEVEN DECADES AND CHANGES IN DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 654.1-654
Author(s):  
T. Garvey ◽  
C. S. Crowson ◽  
M. Koster ◽  
K. J. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Vessel Imaging ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Incident Cases

Background:Diagnostic methods for giant cell arteritis (GCA) have evolved over recent decades, and large vessel imaging plays an increasing role in disease detection.Objectives:This study aims to estimate the incidence of GCA over the past 10 years in a population and compare it to preceding incidence estimates. It also explores trends in the diagnostic modalities used to identify GCA.Methods:A pre-existing population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with GCA between 1950 and 2009 was extended with incident cases from 2010 to 2019. The diagnosis of GCA was confirmed by review of medical records of patients with ICD9/10 codes for GCA between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2019. Incident cases that met either one of the following sets of inclusion criteria were added to the cohort: one, American College of Rheumatology 1990 GCA classification criteria; or two, patients aged ≥50 years with elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein and radiographic evidence of large vessel vasculitis attributed to GCA. Incident cases were classified into one of three groups: group 1, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) positive; group 2, TAB negative or not done with positive large-vessel imaging; or group 3, clinical diagnosis of GCA.Results:The study cohort included 305 patients diagnosed with GCA from 1950 until 2019. Fifty-five incident cases were diagnosed between 2010 and 2019; 37 females (67%) and 18 males (33%). The age and sex adjusted incidence rates (95% CI) per 100,000 between 2010 and 2019 for females, males, and the total population were 13.0 (8.8, 17.3), 8.6 (4.6, 12.7), and 10.8 (8.0, 13.7), respectively. The corresponding incidence rates from 2000-2009 were 28.0 (21.0, 35.1), 10.2 (5.0, 15.5), and 20.5 (15.9, 25.1), respectively. This represents a significant decline in the incidence rates in females (p<0.001) and the total group (p<0.001) between the 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 cohorts but no change in males (p=0.64). Of the 55 patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019, there were 37 (67%) in group 1, 10 (18%) in group 2, and 8 (15%) in group 3. In contrast, of the 250 patients diagnosed between 1950 and 2009 there were 209 (84%) in group 1, 4 (2%) in group 2, and 37 (15%) in group 3. There was a significant difference between the 1950-2009 and 2010-2019 cohorts in the composition of these groups (p<0.001).Conclusion:In this population-based cohort of patients with GCA diagnosed over a 70-year period, the incidence of GCA has declined in recent years. The total decline is driven by a decline in females but not in males. The reasons for this are unclear but should be followed over time and investigated in other population-based cohorts. There has also been a shift in the diagnostic modalities for GCA. In recent years, there are fewer TAB positive patients, and more patients diagnosed with large vessel imaging. This is the first population-based incidence cohort demonstrating a trend towards increased use of large vessel imaging for the diagnosis of GCA.References:[1]Chandran AK, et al. Incidence of Giant Cell Arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a 60-year period 1950-2009. Scand J Rheumatol. 2015;44(3):215-218.[2]Gonzalez-Gay MA, et al. Giant cell arteritis: is the clinical spectrum of the disease changing? BMC Geriatr. 2019; Jul 29;19(1):200.[3]Rubenstein E, et al. Sensitivity of temporal artery biopsy in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a systemic literature review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 May 1:59(5):1011-1020.Figure 1.Trends in the incidence of GCA in Olmsted County by sex (1950-2019).Acknowledgements:This study was made possible using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, which is supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R01 AG034676, and CTSA Grant Number UL1 TR000135 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.Disclosure of Interests:Thomas Garvey: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared, Matthew Koster: None declared, Kenneth J Warrington Grant/research support from: Clinical research support from Eli Lilly and Kiniksa

Comparison of the ATRIA, CHA2DS2-VASc, and Modified Scores ATRIA-HSV, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Severity

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972199141
Author(s):  
Arafat Yildirim ◽  
Mehmet Kucukosmanoglu ◽  
Fethi Yavuz ◽  
Nermin Yildiz Koyunsever ◽  
Yusuf Cekici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease Severity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Group 1

Many parameters included in the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) and CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category) scores also predict coronary artery disease (CAD). We modified the ATRIA score (ATRIA-HSV) by adding hyperlipidemia, smoking, and vascular disease and also male sex instead of female. We evaluated whether the CHA2DS2-VASc, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, ATRIA, and ATRIA-HSV scores predict severe CAD. Consecutive patients with coronary angiography were prospectively included. A ≥50% stenosis in ≥1epicardial coronary artery (CA) was defined as severe CAD. Patient with normal CA (n = 210) were defined as group 1, with <50% CA stenosis (n = 178) as group 2, and with ≥50% stenosis (n = 297) as group 3. The mean ATRIA, ATRIA-HSV, CHA2DS2-VASc, and CHA2DS2VASc-HS scores increased from group 1 to group 3. A correlation was found between the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score and ATRIA ( r = 0.570), ATRIA-HSV ( r = 0.614), CHA2DS2-VASc ( r = 0.428), and CHA2DS2-VASc-HS ( r = 0.500) scores ( Ps < .005). Pairwise comparisons of receiver operating characteristics curves showed that ATRIA-HSV (>3 area under curve [AUC]: 0.874) and ATRIA (>3, AUC: 0.854) have a better performance than CHA2DS2-VASc (>1, AUC: 0.746) and CHA2DS2-VASc-HS (>2, AUC: 0.769). In conclusion, the ATRIA and ATRIA-HSV scores are simple and may be useful to predict severe CAD.

Arthroscopic Versus Open Anterior Shoulder Stabilization: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial With 15-Year Follow-up With an Assessment of the Glenoid Being “On-Track” and “Off-Track” as a Predictor of Failure

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110182
Author(s):  
Craig R. Bottoni ◽  
John D. Johnson ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Sarah G. Raybin ◽  
James S. Shaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Stabilization ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Open Stabilization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated equivalent short-term results when comparing arthroscopic versus open anterior shoulder stabilization. However, none have evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients after arthroscopic or open anterior shoulder stabilization, with inclusion of an assessment of preoperative glenoid tracking. Purpose: To compare long-term clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability randomized to open and arthroscopic stabilization groups. Additionally, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were used to assess whether the shoulders were “on-track” or “off-track” to ascertain a prediction of increased failure risk. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A consecutive series of 64 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability were randomized to receive either arthroscopic or open stabilization by a single surgeon. Follow-up assessments were performed at minimum 15-year follow-up using established postoperative evaluations. Clinical failure was defined as any recurrent dislocation postoperatively or subjective instability. Preoperative MRI scans were obtained to calculate the glenoid track and designate shoulders as on-track or off-track. These results were then correlated with the patients’ clinical results at their latest follow-up. Results: Of 64 patients, 60 (28 arthroscopic and 32 open) were contacted or examined for follow-up (range, 15-17 years). The mean age at the time of surgery was 25 years (range, 19-42 years), while the mean age at the time of this assessment was 40 years (range, 34-57 years). The rates of arthroscopic and open long-term failure were 14.3% (4/28) and 12.5% (4/32), respectively. There were no differences in subjective shoulder outcome scores between the treatment groups. Of the 56 shoulders, with available MRI studies, 8 (14.3%) were determined to be off-track. Of these 8 shoulders, there were 2 surgical failures (25.0%; 1 treated arthroscopically, 1 treated open). In the on-track group, 6 of 48 had failed surgery (12.5%; 3 open, 3 arthroscopic [ P = .280]). Conclusion: Long-term clinical outcomes were comparable at 15 years postoperatively between the arthroscopic and open stabilization groups. The presence of an off-track lesion may be associated with a higher rate of recurrent instability in both cohorts at long-term follow-up; however, this study was underpowered to verify this situation.

Efficacy of Intravitreal Triamcinolone after or Concomitant with Laser Photocoagulation in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Macular Edema

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdinc Aydin ◽  
Helin Deniz Demir ◽  
Huseyin Yardim ◽  
Unal Erkorkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Intravitreal Triamcinolone ◽  
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

Purpose To investigate the clinical effects and outcomes of intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) after or concomitant with macular laser photocoagulation (MP) for clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Methods Forty-nine eyes of 49 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and CSME were randomized into three groups. The eyes in the laser group (n=17), group 1, were subjected to MP 3 weeks after IVTA; the eyes in the IVTA group (n=13), group 2, were subjected to MP, concomitant with IVTA; the eyes in the control group (n=19), group 3, underwent only IVTA application. Visual acuity (VA), fundus fluorescein angiography, and photography were performed in each group. Results In the first group, the mean VA improved from 0.17±0.09 at baseline to 0.28±0.15 (p=0.114) and in the second group, deteriorated from 0.19±0.08 at baseline to 0.14±0.08 at the sixth month (p=0.141), respectively. In Group 3, the mean VA improved from 0.16±0.08 at baseline to 0.28±0.18 (p=0.118) at the end of the follow-up. When VA was compared between the control and study groups, significant difference was detected at the sixth month (p=0.038). Conclusions MP after IVTA improved VA, rather than MP concomitant with IVTA, and only IVTA application for CSME. MP after IVTA may reduce the recurrence of CSME and needs further investigations in a longer period.

scholarly journals The Autonomic Reflex Screen in Healthy Participants from Southwestern Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen T. Ives ◽  
Michael J. Berger ◽  
Kurt Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Axon Reflex ◽  
Autonomic Disorders ◽  
Reflex Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autonomic Reflex ◽  
Parasympathetic Function ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background:The autonomic reflex screen (ARS) is a composite of well-defined tests of various autonomic domains and is an essential part of the diagnosis of autonomic disorders. Institutional and regional differences exist and necessitate the ongoing development of control values for the ARS. Here we present data obtained from healthy participants from Southwestern Ontario.Methods:A total of 121 healthy individuals underwent quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART), heart rate response to deep breathing (HRDB), and Valsalva maneuver using standard protocols as part of the ARS.Results:Sweat volumes obtained during QSART are presented by site (forearm, proximal leg, distal leg and foot) and by gender. Data is expressed as the mean sweat volume per site with the associated 2.5th, 5th and 95th percentiles. Data for males and females is also stratified by age group (14-25, 26-40 and 41-76 years). Measurements of cardiovagal parasympathetic function including HRDB and Valsalva ratio are stratified by age group (14-25, 26- 40 and 41-76 years). Data is expressed as the mean with associated percentiles (2.5, 5, 95 and 97.5 percentiles).Conclusions:The current manuscript provides control data for the various components of the ARS to aid in the diagnosis of autonomic disorders.

scholarly journals Comparison of Changes in Number of Hyperreflective Dots After İntravitreal Ranibizumab or Dexamethasone İmplant in Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Karalezli ◽  
Sema Kaderli ◽  
Ahmet Kaderli ◽  
Cansu Kaya ◽  
Sabahattin Sul
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To compare the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or intravitreal dexamethasone implants (IVD) on regression of hyperreflective dots (HRDs) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: 37 eyes of 37 patients with cystoid macular edema who received IVR or IVD and followed up for at least 12 months were included in this study. The patients were divided into three groups according to intravitreal treatment. Group 1 consisted of 12 eyes who received only IVD, group 2 consisted of 10 eyes who received only IVR on a pro re nata and group 3 consisted of 15 eyes who received both IVD and IVR. OCT parameters (CMT, number of HRDs, status of external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ)) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between the groups over the follow-up time. HRDs were categorized as HRD in inner retinal layers (from the internal limiting membrane to the inner nuclear layer) or HRD in outer retinal layers (from the outer plexiform layer to the outer border of the photoreceptor layer).Results: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of BCVA, CMT, HRDs in the inner and the outer retinal layers at baseline visit. (p˃0.05 for all) Comparing the baseline values in all groups, a significant decrease was observed in CMT in the first year. (For group 1; p=0.013, group 2; p=0.010; group 3, p<0.001) The BCVA was significantly increased after 1 year in all groups. (p=0.001, p=0.006, p<0.001) The mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers were significantly decreased in group 1 and group 3. (For group 1; p<0.001, p=0.001, for group 3; p<0.001, p<0.001) However, there was no significant difference in terms of the mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers for group 2. (p=0.134, p=0.477) At the first year, the number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers was significantly lower in group 1 and group 3 than group 2. (For inner HRDs; group 1 vs. group 2 p=0.007, group 2 vs. group 3 p<0.001. For outer HRDs group 1 vs. group 2 p<0.001, group 2 vs. group 3 p<0.001.) The BCVA was higher in group 3 than group 2 at 1year. (p=0.048). There was no significant difference in terms of post-treatment CMT and the number of HRDs between group 1 and group3 in posthoc tests (p=0.621, p=0.876, and p=0.632).Conclusion: The reduction in HRDs at 12 months and better BCVA after IVD intimates that the HRDs should be considered as inflammatory markers in the follow-up of CME in BRVO. Thus, IVD injection could be more appropriate for patients with higher HRDs after BRVO.

scholarly journals Correlation between Dermatoglyphics, Dental Caries and Salivary pH: An Invivo Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegginmani Veeresh ◽  
Ahmed Mujahid ◽  
Patil Deepu ◽  
Reddy Sivaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Loop Pattern ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Free People ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Dermatoglyphic patterns that are often utilized in judicial and legal investigations are valuable in diagnosis of many diseases related to genetic disorders. Caries, being infectious in origin, might be related to genetics as well. Hence, these patterns are of significance in predicting caries development.MATERIALS AND METHODS: DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) score of 300 female subjects within the age group 0f 18-25 years were recorded and accordingly divided into 3 groups of 100 each; group 1 (DMFT score=0), group 2 (DMFT score < 5) and group 3 (DMFT score ≥ 5). Dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using Cummins and Midlo method. pH meter was used for recording salivary pH accurately. Fingerprint patterns and salivary pH recorded were correlated with DMFT scores of subject and control groups. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests (P < 0.05).RESULTS: The mean salivary pH was least in group 3. The predominant dermatoglyphic pattern observed in groups 1 and 2 was loop pattern whereas, in group 3, whorl pattern was predominant. The TFRC (total finger ridge count) was higher in group 3 compared to the other two groups.CONCLUSION: Caries-free people showed inflated frequency of loops, whereas subjects with high decay score had additional share of whorls. The TFRC was higher in individuals with high DMFT score, and salivary pH was inversely proportional to the DMFT score. 

scholarly journals In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Triclabendazole + Levamisole on Hydatid Cyst in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Peyman Sadeghi ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Mirhadi Khayatnouri ◽  
Hosein Hashemzade Farhang ◽  
Ramin Kaffash Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a global disease and one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases which is found in areas where humans, dogs, and herbivores are in close contact with each other. Methods: In this study, a total of 64 rats were divided into control and case groups, and then 3000 protoscolices were injected into the peritoneal cavity. After 2 months, rats in the case group were given triclabendazole + levamisole at a dose of 6 mg + 4.41 mg/mL orally for 60 days, respectively. Then, after 6 months of infection, the rats of the control and case groups were killed by anesthesia and then an autopsy was performed and the viscera were carefully examined for hydatid cyst infection. Results: The results showed that in the control group, 3 cysts were observed in the liver, 10 in the kidney, and 88 in the lung. The mean number of hydatid cysts in this group was determined to be 33.6. In the case group, 2 cysts were observed in the liver, 6 in the kidney, and 64 in the lungs. The mean number of hydatid cysts in the viscera was 24 in the case group. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the case and control groups showed that the therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole + levamisole was 31%, which is not enough to treat cases of hydatid cyst.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Status, Haemoglobin and Protein Levels of Pregnant Women in Owerri Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I. L. Okoroiwu ◽  
Jane Ugochi Chinedu-Madu ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
C. C. N. Vincent ◽  
O. M. T. B. Ochiabuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study was done to determine iron status, haemoglobin and protein levels of pregnant women in owerri metropolis. A total of 100 pregnant women were recruited for this study. The mean Hb levels in group 1, group 2, and group 3· were 12.00±1.68g/dl, 10.06±1.J4g/dl and 10.96±1.19g/dl respectively. The mean Serum ferritin level of group 1 was 67.00±88.38ng/ml, group 2, 52.48±52.47ng/ml and group 3, 51.26±48.70ng/ml. The mean Serum iron in group 1, 2 and 3 were 46.72±16.41 g/dl, 79.59±63.24 g/dl and 83.35±53.04 g/dl respectively. In group 1, 2 and 3 the mean results. ( g/dl) of TIBC were 295.58 ± 109.53, 324.06 ± 178.00 and 319.88 ± 92.95 and % T.S (%) were 18.78 ± 11.77,26.59 ± 19.40 and 17.97 ± 10.87 percent respectively. The mean total protein was group 1,6.83±l1.77g/dl, group 2,6.39±0.70g/dl and group 3, 6.39 ±0.98 g/dl while the mean albumin (g/dl) in group 1, 2 and 3 were 4.84±0.47, 4.13±0.28 and 4.14±0.29 respectively. The mean values of globulin (g/dl) were 1.98 ± 0.91, 2.29 ± 0.87 and 1.89 ± 0.90 in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. As gestational age increased; serum ferritin, total protein, and albumin levels decreased while serum" iron and TIBC increased. The differences in the mean results between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) while % T.S and globulin levels when compared showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Iron status showed no statistical difference with increasing parity (p>0.05). However, from this study iron deficiency anaemia was most prevalent in second trimester; hence iron status estimation should be an integral part of routine antenatal care test during second trimester of each pregnancy for proper assessment and management of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.

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