Advantages of Screening for Glucose Tolerance in the Sequential Weeks of Gestation

AbstractPrelife exposure relates to development during the time preceding the first appearance of life, a time course from “conception to confinement.” From single cell zygote to finally formed fetus at confinement, a remarkable change occurs due to maternal fuels and hormonal influence on the fetal development. The crucial period in the fetal development is the first trimester. Early exposure to aberrant maternal metabolism in the embryonic developmental stage would result in congenital malformation and fetal wastage. Maintaining maternal glucose at the recommended level of fasting 80 to 90 mg and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose 110 to 120 mg/dL during preconceptional period and throughout pregnancy is the assurance for the healthy offspring with ideal birth weight of 2.5 to 3.5 kg and prevention of noncommunicable diseases in the future.

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Megalin Is Predominantly Observed in Vesicular Structures in First and Third Trimester Cytotrophoblasts of the Human Placenta

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1369/0022155416672210 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

pp. 769-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tina Storm ◽

Erik I. Christensen ◽

Julie Nelly Christensen ◽

Tine Kjaergaard ◽

Niels Uldbjerg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Placenta ◽

Fetal Development ◽

First Trimester ◽

Main Role ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Term Placenta ◽

Complex Functions ◽

And Function ◽

Uptake Of Nutrients ◽

Immunohistochemical Analyses

The membrane receptor megalin is crucial for normal fetal development. Besides its expression in the developing fetus, megalin is also expressed in the human placenta. Similar to its established function in the kidney proximal tubules, placental megalin has been proposed to mediate uptake of vital nutrients. However, details of megalin expression, subcellular localization, and function in the human placenta remain to be established. By immunohistochemical analyses of first trimester and term human placenta, we showed that megalin is predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblasts, the highly proliferative cells in placenta. Only limited amounts of megalin could be detected in syncytiotrophoblasts and least in term placenta syncytiotrophoblasts. Immunocytochemical analyses furthermore showed that placental megalin associates with structures of the endolysosomal apparatus. Combined, our results clearly place placental megalin in the context of endocytosis and trafficking of ligands. However, due to the limited expression of megalin in syncytiotrophoblasts, especially in term placenta, it appears that the main role for placental megalin is not to mediate uptake of nutrients from the maternal bloodstream, as previously proposed. In contrast, our results point toward novel and complex functions for megalin in the cytotrophoblasts. Thus, we propose that the perception of placental megalin localization and function should be revised.

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Aneuploidy in first trimester chorionic villi and spontaneous abortions: Windows into the origin and fate of aneuploidy through embryonic and fetal development

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

10.1002/pd.5795 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Benn ◽

Francesca Romana Grati

Keyword(s):

Fetal Development ◽

First Trimester ◽

Spontaneous Abortions ◽

Chorionic Villi ◽

Embryonic And Fetal Development

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Review of the Development and Current Status of Techniques for Monitoring Embryonic and Fetal Development in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey ◽

10.1097/00006254-199010000-00005 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 683

Author(s):

HUMPHREY WARD

Keyword(s):

Fetal Development ◽

First Trimester ◽

Current Status ◽

Embryonic And Fetal Development ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

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Synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase in vitro from first-trimester and term human placentas

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1940857 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 194 (3) ◽

pp. 857-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H Galski ◽

S E Fridovich ◽

D Weinstein ◽

N De Groot ◽

S Segal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Time Course ◽

De Novo ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

First Trimester ◽

Alkaline Phosphatases ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes ◽

Specific Activities

The synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatases in vitro by human placental tissue incubated in organ culture were studied. First-trimester placenta synthesizes and secretes two different alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes (heat-labile and heat-stable), whereas in term placenta nearly all the alkaline phosphatase synthesized and secreted is heat-stable. The specific activities of alkaline phosphatases in first-trimester and term placental tissue remain constant throughout the time course of incubation. In the media, specific activities increase with time. Hence, alkaline phosphatase synthesis seems to be the driving force for its own secretion. The rates of synthesis de novo and of alkaline phosphatases were measured. The specific radioactivities of the secreted alkaline phosphatases were higher than the corresponding specific radioactivities in the tissue throughout the entire incubation period. The intracellular distribution of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes was compared.

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Effect of Maternal-Fetal Platelet Incompatibility on Fetal Development

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.4.570 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 570-570

Author(s):

ANDREW E. PALCHAK ◽

RICHARD H. ASTER ◽

JEROME GOTTSCHALL ◽

JOHN M. OPITZ

Keyword(s):

Fetal Development ◽

Married Woman ◽

First Trimester ◽

Therapeutic Abortion

To the Editor.— The effects on the fetus of maternal-fetal incompatibility involving RBC antigens are well known. Similar effects involving platelet antigens are less well known. We should like to call attention to the dramatic and potentially lethal results of such incompatibility which currently, unless suspected, often is undiagnosed. Recently, we studied a young married woman who has been pregnant four times. At 19 years of age, she had a first trimester therapeutic abortion. At 22 years of age, she aborted spontaneously a set of twins at 13 weeks; these twins were not studied and the pathogenesis of their demise is unknown.

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Perceived Onset Time of Medical Conditions: The Interplay Between Subjective Fear and Risk in Four Lifestyle Domains

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/00332941211036028 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003329412110360

Author(s):

Dario Monzani ◽

Luca Pancani ◽

Patrice Rusconi ◽

Gabriella Pravettoni

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Onset Time ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Time Estimates ◽

Health Related Behaviors ◽

People’S Perception ◽

Eating Fruit ◽

Health Related ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Uk

Engaging in unhealthy behaviors (e.g., smoking, drinking) and not engaging in healthy ones (e.g., exercising, consuming fruit and vegetables) are both relatively prevalent among individuals despite the available information about their risks for health. People’s perception of an event’s time course can be used to gauge their risk perception for that event thus casting light on any possible misperception and suggesting directions for health-promoting interventions. This study investigates people’s perception of the time of onset of 5 noncommunicable diseases (e.g., “having high blood pressure”) associated with 4 health-related behaviors: Smoking, drinking, exercising, and eating fruit and vegetable. Participants from Italy ( N = 214) and the UK ( N = 151) gave onset time estimates of how long they thought it would take for 5 noncommunicable diseases to occur in the life of an 18-year-old person who starts or stops adopting those health-related behaviors. Results showed that participants who rated the noncommunicable diseases as more likely to themselves perceived the onset time of these diseases as more temporally proximal. Participants who were more afraid of developing the noncommunicable diseases estimated their onset time as delayed.

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