Combined Effects of Physical Activity, Dietary Isoflavones and 17β-Estradiol on Movement Drive, Body Weight and Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Female Rats

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several studies have analyzed the relationship between physical activity and bone density. However, the prescription of exercise is not entirely clear as to the type, quantity and intensity. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the amount of exercise and changes in bone mineral density. Methods: Fifty-two women, members of the Municipal Program of Physical Activity for Seniors, voluntarily underwent two ultrasonographies of the calcaneus within a 6-month interval. During this period, all physical activity was recorded. Afterwards, a lineal correlation study was carried out between the amount of exercise and bone changes, expressed as T-Score variation, first in total number of participants and then in groups. Considering the average body weight obtained for all women, two groups were created ("light" < 69 kg and "heavy" > 69 kg). Later, women who had participated in less than 72% of the targeted program were excluded from both groups, and the differences between the groups "light and trained" and "heavy and trained" were analyzed. To do so, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results: A significant relationship of r= -0.59 was found between the total amount of exercise and the T-Score variation in the group of women above 69 kg. Significant differences were found between the "light and trained" group and the "heavy and trained" group with respect to the variation of T-Score. Conclusion: The effect of exercise on bone mineral density is determined, somehow, by body weight. This interaction is due, possibly, to mechanical demands difference.

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The Combined Effects of Milk Intake and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 731

Author(s):

Jae Hyun Lee ◽

Ae Wha Ha ◽

Woo Kyoung Kim ◽

Sun Hyo Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Activity Group ◽

High Level ◽

Physical Activity Group

The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of milk intake and physical activity on bone mineral density in adolescents. This study was conducted using data from the 2009–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which provided measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in addition to basic health-related data. This study included 1061 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (557 males and 504 females) whose data on milk intake and participation time in moderate to vigorous physical activity were available. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Milk intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method, and the levels of physical activity were examined using a questionnaire. The physical activity questions of 2009–2011 KNHANES were based on the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. The subjects were classified into four groups according to milk intake and physical activity level: no milk intake + low-level physical activity group (MnoPlow), no milk intake + high-level physical activity group (MnoPhigh), milk intake + low-level physical activity group (MyesPlow), and milk intake + high-level physical activity group (MyesPhigh). The results of partial correlation controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and energy intake showed that the BMD variables were associated significantly with physical activity in both males and females. Among males, the MnoPlow group had the lowest BMD in all BMD variables, showing a significant difference from the high-level physical activity groups (MnoPhigh, MyesPhigh) by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among females, the MyesPhigh group showed a significantly higher lumbar BMD value than the other groups. The MnoPlow group had approximately 0.3 to 0.5 times lower odds ratio for median or higher BMD values, compared to MyesPhigh group. These results show that milk intake and physical activity have a combined effect on BMD, and suggest that to achieve healthy bone growth, it is important to encourage both moderate to vigorous physical activity and milk intake during adolescence.

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Bone Mineral Density in Women 65 to 95 Years of Age is Associated with Current Body Weight Rather than Age or Physical Activity

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000478400.19386.48 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 618

Author(s):

Lauren Ford ◽

Jenifer Fortney ◽

Olivia Harpenau ◽

Alvaro N. Gurovich

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density

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Systemic Leptin Administration in Supraphysiological Doses Maintains Bone Mineral Density and Mechanical Strength Despite Significant Weight Loss

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2011-1848 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 153 (5) ◽

pp. 2245-2253 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Astrid K. Stunes ◽

Irene Westbroek ◽

Jan O. Gordeladze ◽

Björn I. Gustafsson ◽

Janne E. Reseland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Low Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Female Rats ◽

Whole Body ◽

High Dose ◽

Mineral Density

The effects of leptin on bone are controversial. Although in vitro studies have shown that leptin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, some rodent studies have shown that leptin administered centrally might result in decreased bone formation. In the present study we have investigated the skeletal effects of supraphysiological concentrations of leptin administered sc to rats. Female Fischer rats were given leptin 100 μg/d, 200 μg/d, or saline by continuous infusion for 9 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone microarchitecture was analyzed by micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical properties were tested by three-point bending experiments. At the end of the study, the body weight was significantly lower in rats receiving leptin compared with controls (−10.8% and −12.0% in low- and high-dose leptin groups, respectively). The high-dose leptin group also significantly lost weight compared with baseline. The plasma leptin concentration was 14- and 33-fold increased in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. No significant differences in femoral BMD were observed. Whole-body BMD was significantly lower in the low-dose leptin group, whereas there was no difference between the high-dose leptin group and the control. Mechanical strength and microarchitecture were similar in the high-dose and the control group. The low-dose group, however, had decreased cortical volume in the femoral metaphysis, lowered bone strength, and altered moment of inertia. In conclusion, leptin given at very high doses maintains BMD, microarchitecture, and mechanical strength in female rats, despite a significant decrease in body weight.

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Review for "Higher Impact Physical Activity is Associated with Maintenance of Bone Mineral Density but Not Reduced Incident Falls or Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project"

10.1002/jbmr.4228/v1/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Older Men ◽

Mineral Density

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Are Physical Activity Associations with Bone Mineral Density Modified by Metabolic Traits?

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-2244-pub ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2244-PUB

Author(s):

ANSHU BUTTAN ◽

XIUQING GUO ◽

YII-DER IDA CHEN ◽

WILLA HSUEH ◽

JEROME I. ROTTER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Metabolic Traits

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Impaired Estrogen Sensitivity in Bone by Inhibiting Both Estrogen Receptor a and b Pathways*

10.31234/osf.io/592mt ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lungwani Muungo

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Female Rats ◽

Wild Type ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Transgenic Rats ◽

Estrogen Sensitivity

Although it is well established that estrogen deficiencycauses osteoporosis among the postmenopausalwomen, the involvement of estrogen receptor (ER) in itspathogenesis still remains uncertain. In the presentstudy, we have generated rats harboring a dominantnegative ERa, which inhibits the actions of not only ERabut also recently identified ERb. Contrary to our expectation,the bone mineral density (BMD) of the resultingtransgenic female rats was maintained at the same levelwith that of the wild-type littermates when sham-operated.In addition, ovariectomy-induced bone loss wasobserved almost equally in both groups. Strikingly, however,the BMD of the transgenic female rats, after ovariectomized,remained decreased even if 17b-estradiol(E2) was administrated, whereas, in contrast, the decreaseof littermate BMD was completely prevented byE2. Moreover, bone histomorphometrical analysis ofovariectomized transgenic rats revealed that the higherrates of bone turnover still remained after treatmentwith E2. These results demonstrate that the preventionfrom the ovariectomy-induced bone loss by estrogen ismediated by ER pathways and that the maintenanceof BMD before ovariectomy might be compensatedby other mechanisms distinct from ERa and ERbpathways.

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