scholarly journals Systemic Leptin Administration in Supraphysiological Doses Maintains Bone Mineral Density and Mechanical Strength Despite Significant Weight Loss

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid K. Stunes ◽  
Irene Westbroek ◽  
Jan O. Gordeladze ◽  
Björn I. Gustafsson ◽  
Janne E. Reseland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mineral Density

The effects of leptin on bone are controversial. Although in vitro studies have shown that leptin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, some rodent studies have shown that leptin administered centrally might result in decreased bone formation. In the present study we have investigated the skeletal effects of supraphysiological concentrations of leptin administered sc to rats. Female Fischer rats were given leptin 100 μg/d, 200 μg/d, or saline by continuous infusion for 9 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone microarchitecture was analyzed by micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical properties were tested by three-point bending experiments. At the end of the study, the body weight was significantly lower in rats receiving leptin compared with controls (−10.8% and −12.0% in low- and high-dose leptin groups, respectively). The high-dose leptin group also significantly lost weight compared with baseline. The plasma leptin concentration was 14- and 33-fold increased in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. No significant differences in femoral BMD were observed. Whole-body BMD was significantly lower in the low-dose leptin group, whereas there was no difference between the high-dose leptin group and the control. Mechanical strength and microarchitecture were similar in the high-dose and the control group. The low-dose group, however, had decreased cortical volume in the femoral metaphysis, lowered bone strength, and altered moment of inertia. In conclusion, leptin given at very high doses maintains BMD, microarchitecture, and mechanical strength in female rats, despite a significant decrease in body weight.

Combined Effects of Physical Activity, Dietary Isoflavones and 17β-Estradiol on Movement Drive, Body Weight and Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Female Rats

Planta Medica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Hertrampf ◽  
Gisela Degen ◽  
Abdel Kaid ◽  
Ute Laudenbach-Leschowsky ◽  
Jan Seibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Effects of Low-Dose Corticosteroids on the Bone Mineral Density of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ho Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyun Woo ◽  
Seong Jae Choi ◽  
Jong Dae Ji ◽  
Gwan Gyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

BackgroundThe effects of long-term high-dose corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD) are clear, but the effects of low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low-dose corticosteroids on BMD in patients with RA.MethodsThe authors surveyed randomized controlled studies that examined the effects of low-dose corticosteroids on BMD in patients with RA using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and by performing manual searches. Data were collected on BMD (end-of-period or change-from-baseline) after longest recorded treatment durations. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model; outcomes are presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs).ResultsSeven studies were included in this meta-analysis, which included 7 studies on lumbar BMD meta-analysis and 6 studies on femur BMD meta-analysis. Corticosteroids resulted in a moderate worsening in lumbar BMD compared with controls (SMD = −0.483; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.815 to −0.151, P = 0.004), whereas the femoral BMD differences were not siginificant (SMD = −0.224; 95% CI, −0.663 to 0.215, P = 0.318). Subgroup analysis of BMD data performed on a change-from-baseline basis showed that corticosteroids had a clear effect on both lumbar and femoral BMDs (SMD = −0.354; 95% CI, −0.620 to −0.088, P = 0.009; SMD = −0.488; 95% CI, −0.911 to −0.065, P = 0.024, respectively).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows BMD loss after low-dose corticosteroid treatment in patients with RA. These findings have practical implications for the long-term management of patients with RA on low-dose corticosteroids.

scholarly journals A high protein diet reduces whole body fat mass in healthy mature female rats, but does not affect whole body bone mineral density

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope A Weiler ◽  
Andrew Wakefield ◽  
James D House ◽  
Malcolm Ogborn ◽  
Harold M Aukema
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Bone

scholarly journals Aromatase Deficiency in a Female Who Is Compound Heterozygote for Two New Point Mutations in the P450arom Gene: Impact of Estrogens on Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism, Multicystic Ovaries, and Bone Densitometry in Childhood1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1745
Author(s):  
Primus E. Mullis ◽  
Noriko Yoshimura ◽  
Beatrice Kuhlmann ◽  
Kurt Lippuner ◽  
Philippe Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Compound Heterozygote ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Base Pair Deletion ◽  
Cyp19 Gene ◽  
Ovarian Size

Abstract We report on a female who is compound heterozygote for two new point mutations in the CYP19 gene. The allele inherited from her mother presented a base pair deletion (C) occurring at P408 (CCC, exon 9), causing a frameshift that results in a nonsense codon 111 bp (37 aa) further down in the CYP19 gene. The allele inherited from her father showed a point mutation from G->A at the splicing point (canonical GT to mutational AT) between exon and intron 3. This mutation ignores the splice site and a stop codon 3 bp downstream occurs. Aromatase deficiency was already suspected because of the marked virilization occurring prepartum in the mother, and the diagnosis was confirmed shortly after birth. Extremely low levels of serum estrogens were found in contrast to high levels of androgens. Ultrasonographic follow-up studies revealed persistently enlarged ovaries (19.5–22 mL) during early childhood (2 to 4 yr) which contained numerous large cysts up to 4.8 × 3.7 cm and normal-appearing large tertiary follicles already at the age of 2 yr. In addition, both basal and GnRH-induced FSH levels remained consistently strikingly elevated. Low-dose estradiol (E2) (0.4 mg/day) given for 50 days at the age of 36/12 yr resulted in normalization of serum gonadotropin levels, regression of ovarian size, and increase of whole body and lumbar spine (L1-L4) bone mineral density. The FSH concentration and ovarian size returned to pretreatment levels shortly (150 days) after cessation of E2 therapy. Therefore, we recommend that affected females be treated with low-dose E2 in amounts sufficient to result in physiological prepubertal E2 concentrations using an ultrasensitive estrogen assay. However, E2 replacement needs to be adjusted throughout childhood and puberty to ensure normal skeletal maturation and adequate adolescent growth spurt, normal accretion of bone mineral density, and, at the appropriate age, female secondary sex maturation.

scholarly journals Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density in asthmatic children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Thanuja Basavanagowda ◽  
Savitha Mysore Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: There is a rise in prevalence of asthma world-over. This study was undertaken as there are controversies regarding the effect of long term inhaled-corticosteroids (ICS) on bone mineral density (BMD).Methods: Asthmatic children belonging to 5-18 year age-group as per the global initiative for asthma guidelines (GINA) guidelines, who were on ICS for a minimum period of 6 months were studied. This study was conducted at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Mysuru. 60 asthmatic children were compared with 60 non-asthmatic controls. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 6 sites was used for estimating the BMD and vitamin D levels were measured.Results: 0.771±0.114 g/cm2 was the mean total BMD among children on low dose ICS, while it was 0.613±0.192 and 0.564±0.104 g/cm2 respectively for those on medium and high dose ICS, with p value of 0.026. Children on low dose ICS did not have any impact on BMD, while 18.9% of those on medium and high dose ICS had a reduced total BMD. Trochanteric region was a useful predictor site for monitoring BMD in children on long term ICS with 38.7% and 68.9% being affected when on ICS for 6-12 months and more than 12 months respectively (p=0.018).Conclusions: The ICS of medium and high dose, for a duration of more than 6 months had a reduced total BMD. However, no effect was seen with low dose. Trochanter is a useful site for long term monitoring of BMD in children. There was no correlation between vitamin D levels and control of asthma.

scholarly journals Disentangling the body weight-bone mineral density association among breast cancer survivors: an examination of the independent roles of lean mass and fat mass

BMC Cancer ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M George ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
Adriana Villaseñor ◽  
Catherine M Alfano ◽  
Melinda L Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Anthropometric Markers of Postmenopausal Bone Mineralization Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
I. G. Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anthropometric Markers

Thepurposeof the study was to identify anthropometric factors determining the state of bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women.Material and methods. Anthropometry was used to determine the component composition of the body in 191 postmenopausal women aged 43 to 84 years. Bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae was assessed by x-ray densitometry. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between the studied parameters.Results. The frequency of occurrence of mineral density disorders of lumbar vertebrae was 63.4%, including osteopenia – 40.3%, osteoporosis – 23.1%. In persons with overweight and obesity, osteopenia was more often recorded (2.2 and 4 times, respectively), in women with normal body weight, osteoporosis was more frequent (1.2 times). Values of anthropometric parameters and component composition of the body were statistically significantly lower in women with osteopenia and osteoporosis.Conclusion. It was found that the anthropometric markers determining the mineral density of bone tissue of lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women may be body weight, body mass index, body surface area, muscle mass and fat mass.

Reduced bone mineral density in Chinese children with phenylketonuria

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundi Wang ◽  
Ming Shen ◽  
Honglei Li ◽  
Xiaowen Li ◽  
Chun He
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Blood Calcium

AbstractBackground:Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. Dietary control of classic PKU needs restriction of natural proteins. The diet results in unbalanced nutrition, which might affect the physical development of the patients. Our aim was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in children with PKU.Methods:To investigate the BMD of children with PKU, 41 children with PKU and 64 healthy controls were recruited (all 3–4 years of age). Body weight and height, BMD, Phe blood levels, thyroid function, calcium, phosphorus, iron metabolism markers, and vitamin D3 were measured.Results:Body height and BMD of patients were lower than in controls. The BMD of controls was positively associated with age, body weight and height. In patients, BMD was positively associated with body weight. There was no correlation between Phe blood levels and BMD in patients. Blood levels of alkaline phosphatase were higher in patients compared to controls. Blood calcium levels were higher in 4-year-old patients, while the body weight was lower compared to controls. Thyroid function, iron metabolism markers, vitamin D3 levels and IGF-1 levels were normal.Conclusions:Reduced BMD was observed in children with phenylketonuria, but the exact reasons for this remain to be elucidated.

Effects of short-term glucocorticoid administration on bone mineral density, biomechanics and microstructure in rats’ femur

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Chen ◽  
L Huang ◽  
J Zhu ◽  
K Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

The effects of short-term use of oral glucocorticoid (GC) on the skeleton are not well defined. To address this gap, the influences of 7 days, 21 days of GC administration on femurs of intact rats were investigated. Forty 4-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (Cont) and prednisone-treated group (Pre) and administered either distilled water or prednisone acetate at doses of 3.5 mg/kg/day for 0, 7 and 21 days, respectively. All the femurs were harvested for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, biomechanical testing and micro computed tomography scan. The whole body weight, femur bone mineral density (BMD), all three-point bending test parameters, microstructural parameters increased or improved significantly in Cont at day 21 when compared to day 0. The whole body weight, distal femur BMD, Young’s modulus, bending stiffness, density of tissue volume and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased, while structure model index and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased significantly in Pre at day 21 when compared to age-matched control but had no significant differences between day 7 and day 21. Our data demonstrate that 7-day use of prednisone does not influence on rats’ femur, and 21-day use of prednisone slows in rate of whole body weight gain, decreases femur metaphysis BMD and bone stiffness which mainly due to the deteriorated bone microstructure.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Men With Multiple Sclerosis Chronically Treated With Low-Dose Glucocorticoids

2012 ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. ZIKÁN ◽  
M. TÝBLOVÁ ◽  
I. RAŠKA JR. ◽  
E. HAVRDOVÁ ◽  
M. LUCHAVOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Total Leg ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

The aim of the study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition between ambulatory male MS patients and control subjects and to evaluate the relationships among body composition, motor disability, glucocorticoids (GC) use, and bone health. Body composition and BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 104 ambulatory men with MS (mean age: 45.2 years) chronically treated with low-dose GC and in 54 healthy age-matched men. Compared to age-matched controls, MS patients had a significantly lower total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and BMD at all measured sites except for the radius. Sixty five male MS patients (62.5 %) met the criteria for osteopenia and twenty six of them (25 %) for osteoporosis. The multivariate analysis showed a consistent dependence of bone measures (except whole body BMD) on BMI. The total leg lean mass % was as an independent predictor of TBBMC. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), cumulative GC dose and age were independent determinants for BMD of the proximal femur. We conclude that decreasing mobility in male MS patients is associated with an increasing degree of osteoporosis and muscle wasting in the lower extremities. The chronic low-dose GC treatment further contributes to bone loss.

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