Comparison of gene expression profiles of hot and cold thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid carcinoma

We studied gene expression profiles in two mouse models of human thyroid carcinoma: the Tg-RET/PTC3 (RP3) and Tg-E7 mice. RP3 fusion gene is the most frequent mutation found in the first wave post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs). E7 is an oncoprotein derived from the human papillomavirus 16 responsible for most cervical carcinoma in women. Both transgenic mice develop thyroid hyperplasia followed by solid differentiated carcinoma in older animals. To understand the different steps leading to carcinoma, we analyzed thyroid gene expression in both strains at different ages by microarray technology. Important biological processes were differentially regulated in the two tumor types. In E7 thyroids, cell cycle was the most up-regulated process, an observation consistent with the huge size of these tumors. In RP3 thyroids, contrary to E7 tumors, several human PTC characteristics were observed: overexpression of many immune-related genes, regulation of human PTC markers, up-regulation of EGF-like growth factors and significant regulation of angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling-related genes. However, similarities were incomplete; they did not concern the overall gene expression and were not conserved in old animals. Therefore, RP3 tumors are partial and transient models of human PTC. They constitute a good model, especially in young animals, to study the respective role of the biological processes shared with human PTC and will allow testing drugs targeting these validated variables.

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Prevalence and pattern of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule in Aseer Central Hospital in KSA

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20174207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 908 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jibril Yahya Hudise ◽

Khalid Ali Alshehri ◽

Saad Nasser Alqarni ◽

Yara Assiri ◽

Ashwaq Asiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Malignancy ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Medullary Thyroid

Background: Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, especially in women. Non palpable nodules are often found when patients undergo diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonography and computed tomography of the chest and neck. This retrospective study to assess the Prevalence of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule related to gender, age, and pathology, in Aseer Central Hospital KSA. Methods: During a 5-year period (2011–2016), the medical records of 319 patients with thyroid nodules were collected from the department of pathology at Aseer Central Hospital KSA. The cases were reviewed for data on gender, age, and the pathological result. All patients underwent hemi or total thyroidectomy. Comparisons between genders, age groups, and tissue origins were performed. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software. Results: Over a period of 5 years, a total of 319 patients: male 17.2% and female 82.8% Underwent for hemi or total thyroidectomy. The age of presentation was ranging from 14 to 80 years. Among the 319 cases of thyroid nodules 73.7% were benign nodules and 26.3% malignant nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in 72.6%, follicular thyroid carcinoma 10.6%, Hurthle cell carcinoma 4.8%, anaplastic carcinoma 4.8%, thyroid lymphoma 4.8% and medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2.4%. Conclusions: Thyroid nodule is a common clinical problem and the proportion of such nodules that prove to be malignant is not small, investigations are of immense help to corroborate with the clinical and morphological finding. Papillary thyroid carcinoma most common malignant thyroid carcinoma followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma, hurthel cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma and finally medullary thyroid Carcinoma. No significant different between male and female as risk factors for malignancy.

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INCIDENTAL PULMONARY METASTASES REVEALING SUBCENTIMETER PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA

AACE Clinical Case Reports ◽

10.4158/accr-2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. e273-e278

Author(s):

Ruey Hu ◽

George Xu ◽

Thomas Stricker ◽

Bingshan Li ◽

Vivian L. Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Lung Metastases ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

American Thyroid Association ◽

Cancer Genes ◽

Papillary Thyroid

Objective: Here we present 2 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PMCs) that had metastasized at presentation. The 2015 American Thyroid Association and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) criteria do not recommend biopsy of the majority of subcentimeter thyroid nodules, as PMCs are mostly indolent with excellent prognosis. However, the paradigm of active surveillance presents a conundrum on how to identify the rare patient with distant metastatic disease while avoiding unnecessary intervention in the majority. Methods: After initial discovery of incidental lesions on chest computed tomography, core or wedge biopsies of the lung lesion were performed. Thyroid nodules on ultrasound were classified by TI-RADS. Tumor DNA was sequenced, annotated, filtered on 119 known cancer genes, and filtered for variants with an exome allele frequency of <0.001. Results: A 70-year-old woman and a 29-year-old woman presented with incidental pulmonary lesions on computed tomography scan. Lung biopsy revealed lung metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma. The thyroid nodules in both patients were TI-RADS 3 and American Thyroid Association low-suspicion. Molecular testing showed a c.1721C>G mutation (p.Thr574Ser) in the TSHR gene in patient 1 and a codon 61 mutation in the NRAS gene in patient 2. Both patients were iodine-avid, with complete structural remission in one patient and ongoing treatment with evidence of structural response in the other. Conclusion: The 2 presentations demonstrate unexpected and concerning behavior of PMCs. Both thyroid tumors were subcentimeter in diameter, meaning they would have escaped detection using traditional risk-stratification algorithms in active surveillance. Further knowledge of tumor genetics and microenvironment may assist in predicting tumor behavior in PMCs.

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