Evaluation of reversible antiandrogenic and antispermatogenic activities of Annona squamosa (Linn) stem bark methanol extract in male albino rats

Planta Medica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Gupta ◽  
A Sharma ◽  
H Rehwani
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Squamosa

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Screening and Anti-inflammatory Investigation of the Methanol extract of stem bark of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Felix N. Osuala ◽  
Uchenna E. Odoh ◽  
VictoriaC. Onuigbo ◽  
Sylvester C. Ohadoma
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Blighia unijugata is a potent medicinal plant extensively employed in traditional herbal remedies for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, fertility, inflammation, hypertension, migraine and treatment of infections due to microorganisms. Aim: This work, investigates the pharmacognostic screening and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of B. unijugata stem bark. Method: Collection, drying, pulverization, and methanol extraction of the stem bark were done accordingly. The screening of phytochemical constituents and Pharmacognostic numerical data were carried out. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using TLC. The acute toxicity was determined using Lorke’s method. Methanol extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effect in albino rats using egg-induced hind paw oedema at doses of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg body weight respectively. Result: The macroscopical investigation showed the stem bark outer layer is greyish and, the inner layer is pale reddish brown, disagreeable odour, bitter, Microscopical screening revealed the presence of starch grains, trichomes and sclerenchyma cells. Chemomicroscopic result revealed the presence of lignin, starch, calcium oxalate, cellulose, stone cells. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the powdered bark showed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, and resins. Numerical data: moisture content/ weight loss on drying gave value of 7.7%, percentage yield of 6.7%, alcoholic soluble extractive 5.6%, water soluble extractive 6.3%, total ash of 7.1%,  acid insoluble ash 0.57% and water soluble ash 4.56%. The chromatographic screening results were close compared with the standard drug. Toxicity test established the lethal dose of greater than 5000mg/kg. There was a significant inhibition of the edema p>0.05, the presence of various bioactive constituents may have contributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract. Conclusion: The result of this study confirms that the barks of B. unijugata have anti-inflammatory effect and justifies the use as traditional treatment of inflammation and pain. Keywords: Blighia unijugata, Inflammation, Inflammatory agents, Anti inflammatory

In vivo Antioxidant and Hepato-Protective Properties of Stem Bark Methanol Extract of Vitex doniana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Simon C. Mailafiya ◽  
Sherifat O. Kolawole ◽  
Abdulazeez K. Adeniyi ◽  
Bala A. Muhammed ◽  
Abdulfatai Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Vitex Doniana

Abstract The harmful effects that accompany the use of orthodox antioxidant medicine have necessitated the hunt for inherent antioxidants from plants extracts. In the present study, the in vivo antioxidant and hepato-protective activities of Vitex doniana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were investigated. The hepato-protective activities of the methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark were compared with Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Twenty-five (25) male albino adult rats were grouped into five (5) each. Group 1 and 2 was used as the normal and negative control respectively. Group 3-5 were treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark and 100 mg/kg Silymarin respectively. Results indicated that elevated levels of serum ALT, AST and ALB, and reduced serum SOD, GST and CAT in CCl4-hepatotoxic rats was an evidence of impairment in liver function. Administration of methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and standard control drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg) have no significant (P>0.05) effect on CCl4- induced elevations of the ALT and AST levels while the reduction in albumin concentration, total proteins, SOD, GST and CAT due to CCl4 was reversed. In conclusion, Vitex doniana exhibited significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in CCL4 induced liver damage in rat, and thus could be used and incorporated in the development of new and effective antioxidant drugs.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE HYDRO-METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BURKEA AFRICANA IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhemen Festus Swem ◽  
Patrick Emeka Aba ◽  
Samuel Chukwuneke Udem ◽  
Victor Masekaven Ahur ◽  
Fidelis Aondover Gberindyer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Somatic Index

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the sub-acute toxicity profile of hydro-methanol extract of Burkea africana  (BA) stem bark in rats. Methods: The stem bark of BA was extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol. Twenty female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. Group 1 (only distilled water). Groups 2-4 received the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) orally, once daily for 28 days. The rats were observed for signs of toxicity and the bodyweight (b.wt) of rats taken weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 28 for hematology and serum chemistry. Visceral organs were harvested for organ-somatic index and histopathology. Results: There were no toxicity signs observed and no significant (p< 0.05) change in body weight but the pulmo-somatic index was significantly (p< 0.05) higher at 400 mg/kg compared with the control and other treated groups. Significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV, RBC, and MCV and significant (p< 0.05) decrease in MCHC, Total WBC count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were observed. Also, there were significant (p< 0.05) decreases in ALT, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin of test groups when compared with the control group. Urea concentration of test groups significantly (p< 0.05) increased when compared with that of the control group. Conclusions: BA stem bark extract can be said to have no deleterious effect on erythrocyte, but rather serve to improve erythropoiesis and also has no overt toxic effect on the visceral organs. Also the extract may have immunosuppressive and oxidative tendencies on prolong use.                                   Peer Review History: Received 12 January 2021; Revised 3 February; Accepted 25 February, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Idoko Alexander, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, [email protected] Taha A.I. El Bassossy,  Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]   Similar Articles: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF RUSSELIA EQUISETIFORMIS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS EFFECTS OF RAW AND COOKED AQUEOUS AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (KIDNEY BEANS) ON RENAL FUNCTION IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA STEM BARK ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS, SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL

scholarly journals Contraceptive Activity of Vitex doniana Stem Bark Methanol Extract in Female Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Abdulhamid Zubairu
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Vitex Doniana ◽  
Hormonal Assay

Aims: The acceptability and accessibility of modern contraceptive drugs are limited especially in northern Nigeria. These contraceptives also have numerous side effects hence there is need to search for safe natural alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was aimed at evaluating the contraceptive effect of stem bark methanol extract of Vitex doniana in female albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Between August 2019 to July 2020. Methodology: Vitex doniana stem bark was extracted with methanol and the extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity (LD50) of V. doniana stem bark extract was determined using up and down method and anti-fertility effect was evaluated via (anti-ovulation, anti-implantation and serum hormonal assay). Results: The results for phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycoside, balsam and volatile oil. The LD50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg as no mortality or any sign of toxicity are recorded within 14 days. The anti-fertility studies, methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana showed anti-ovulation activity through alteration of estrous cycle, changes in the histology of ovarian corpus luteum and decreasing number of follicles of extract treatment groups compared to control. Serum hormonal assay showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in oestrogen and progesterone level respectively in the extract treated groups compared to control group. Also, anti-implantation effect was observed in drug treated group (levenogesterel) and group treated with 400 mg/kg of V. doniana stem bark as there was no evidence of conception. Conclusion: The present study revealed that methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana is relatively nontoxic at acute dose and possess a moderate amount of antifertility agent.

scholarly journals Investigation on Potential Efficacy of Methanol Extract of Lawsonia inermis L. against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jayavelu ◽  
A. Natarajan ◽  
R. Thangamani ◽  
Senthil Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) a pharmacological tool was used to induce liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. family Lythraceae (known to possess hepatoprotective compounds) was used to reverse the liver damage caused due to CCl4 (induced toxicity). Hydroalcholic extract of stem bark and leaf of Lawsonia inermis Linn. was evaluated, for its restorative efficacy against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity which was assessed in terms of biochemical and histopathological parameters. CCl4 produce the altitude levels of serum marker enzymes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin in blood serum. Due to the toxicity of CCl4 cause turbine hepatic cell architecture, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and sinusoidal dilatation along with reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) appeared in liver tissue. SOD is the primary step in the defense mechanism involved in the antioxidant system against the oxidative stress. It diminishes by converting the superoxide radical in to peroxide and molecular oxygen. CAT or GPx reactions, also exert a similar effect thereby reducing the level of cellular damage. By oral administration of methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. plant extracts, i.e., stem bark extract (250 mg/kg b.wt.) and leaf extract (250 mg/kg b. wt.) the levels of these parameters was restored to near controlled (untreated) levels. Thus, the present study revealed that the extracts of stem bark and leaf of Lawsonia inermis Linn. offered protection against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4.

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