Reevaluation of Contribution of Physical Fitness, Body Weight, and Different Sports Activity to Resting Blood Pressure in Young Men

1988 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumagai ◽  
M. Nishizumi ◽  
Y. Kondo
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Каспарова ◽  
Г.В. Скриган ◽  
В.И. Дунай

Цель исследования – оценить изменчивость морфофункциональных показателей маскулинности студенческой молодежи Беларуси во времени и в зависимости от уровня физической подготовки. Исследование проведено в 2016–2021 гг. в г. Минске (Республика Беларусь). Выборку составили 233 студента (102 юноша, 131 девушек) в возрасте от 18 до 21 года. Привлечены также материалы нашего исследования 180 студентов (125 юношей и 65 девушек) Белорусского государственного университета физической культуры. Материалом для сравнения послужили архивные данные отдела антропологии НАН Беларуси 2000–2007 гг.: всего 243 студента г. Минска (98 юношей, 145 девушек). Проведено антропометрическое измерение длины тела, массы тела, ширины плеч и таза, обхватов талии, бедер, плеча напряженного и расслабленного, длины второго и четвертого пальцев обеих рук, кистевой динамометрии правой и левой руки. Рассчитаны морфологические индексы. Выявлено, что у современных юношей обхват талии больше, чем у юношей начала XXI века. У девушек масса тела и обхват талии показали большую стабильность во времени. Ширина таза у представителей обоих полов от начала XXI века к современности уменьшилась. У современных юношей дисгармоничность телосложения за счет избыточности массы тела по отношению к его длине встречается чаще, чем в начале века. Показатели кистевой динамометрии у современной белорусской студенческой молодежи стали меньше по сравнению с началом 2000-х. Юноши и девушки, занимающиеся физической культурой, характеризуются более низкими значениями пальцевого индекса, чем те, кто имеет более низкий уровень физической подготовленности. Таким образом, выявлены особенности изменчивости во времени у студенческой молодежи Беларуси таких показателей как обхват талии, ширина таза и динамометрия (силовые возможности), которые отразились на динамике морфологических индексов маскулинности. The study aims to assess the variability of morphofunctional indicators of masculinity among students in Belarus over time and depending on the level of physical fitness. The research was carried out in 2016–2021 in Minsk (the Republic of Belarus). The sample consisted of 233 students (102 young men, 131 young women) aged 18 to 22. We also used the materials of our earlier study of 180 students (125 young men and 65 young women) of the Belarusian State University of Physical Culture. We compared our data to the archival data of the Department of Anthropology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus from the period 2000–2007: a total of 243 students in Minsk (98 young men, 145 young women). Anthropometric measurements of body length, body weight, shoulder width, pelvic width, waist circumference, hip circumference, tense shoulder circumference, relaxed shoulder circumference, length of the second and fourth fingers of both hands, wrist dynamometry of the right and left hand were carried out. The morphological indices were calculated. It was revealed that modern young men have more waist circumference than young men of the beginning of the XXI century. In young women, waist circumference and body weight showed greater stability. The width of the pelvis has decreased from the beginning of the 21st century to the present in both sexes. In modern young men, disharmony of physique due to excess body weight in relation to its length occurs more often than at the beginning of the century. The indicators of wrist dynamometry among modern Belarusian students have become lower compared to the beginning of the 2000s. The young men and women involved in physical culture had a significantly lower 2D:4D for the left hand and right hand than those who have a lower level of physical fitness. Thus, the study revealed the temporal variability of waist circumference, pelvic width, and dynamometry (strength capabilities) and the dynamics of morphological indices of masculinity among young students in Belarus.


2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Miyashita ◽  
Stephen Francis Burns ◽  
David John Stensel

Background:This study examined the effect of accumulating short bouts of exercise on postprandial plasma triacylglycerol and resting blood pressure in healthy young men.Methods:Nineteen subjects underwent two 2-d trials in a randomized counterbalanced order. On day 1, subjects either rested or performed multiple 6 min running bouts (30 min rest between each) until they had accumulated an energy expenditure of 4.2 MJ (1000 kcal). On day 2, subjects rested and consumed test meals for breakfast and lunch. Blood pressure was measured throughout days 1 and 2. Venous blood samples were obtained throughout day 2.Results:Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was lower for the exercise compared with the control trial on day 1. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and systolic blood pressure were lower throughout day 2 on the exercise compared with the control trial.Conclusion:Accumulating short bouts of exercise throughout the day may modify cardiovascular disease risk.


Hypertension ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Fossum ◽  
Aud Høieggen ◽  
Andreas Moan ◽  
Morten Rostrup ◽  
Sverre E. Kjeldsen

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Simonsen ◽  
Mona S. Rasmussen ◽  
Werner Vach ◽  
Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen ◽  
Peter Bie

NO (nitric oxide) may be involved in fluid homoeostasis. We hypothesized that increases in NO synthesis contribute to acute, saline-induced natriuresis, which, therefore, should be blunted when NO availability is stabilized. Young men were studied during simultaneous infusions of L-NAME [NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; bolus of 750 μg·kg−1 of body weight and 8.3 μg·min−1·kg−1 of body weight] and SNP (sodium nitroprusside), the latter at a rate preventing L-NAME from increasing total peripheral resistance (‘NO-clamping’). Slow volume expansion (saline, 20 μmol of NaCl·min−1·kg−1 of body weight for 3 h) was performed with and without concomitant NO-clamping. NO-clamping itself decreased RPF (renal plasma flow; P~0.02) and tended to decrease arterial blood pressure [MABP (mean arterial blood pressure)]. Volume expansion markedly decreased the plasma levels of renin, AngII (angiotensin II) and aldosterone (all P<0.001), while MABP (oscillometry), heart rate, cardiac output (impedance cardiography), RPF (by p-aminohippurate), GFR [glomerular filtration rate; by using 51Cr-labelled EDTA] and plasma [Na+] and [K+] remained constant. Volume expansion increased sodium excretion (P<0.02) at constant filtered load, but more so during NO-clamping than during control (+184% compared with 52%; P<0.0001). Urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion increased during volume expansion; plasma cGMP and plasma vasopressin were unchanged. The results demonstrate that NO-clamping augments sodium excretion in response to volume expansion at constant MABP and GFR, reduced RPF and decreased renin system activity, a response termed hypernatriuresis. The results indicate that mediator(s) other than MABP, RPF, GFR and renin system activity contribute significantly to the homoeostatic response to saline loading, but the specific mechanisms of hypernatriuresis remain obscure.


1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
V. Panfilov ◽  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
O. K. Andersson ◽  
L. Sjö Ström ◽  
M. Beckman-Suurküla

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Drieli Seron Antonini ◽  
Danilo Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Josiane Aparecida Alves Bianchini ◽  
Carlos Andres Lopera ◽  
Amanda Caroline Teles Moreira ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To compare body composition, hemodynamic parameters, health-related physical fitness, and health-related quality of life of adolescents with anthropometric diagnosis of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity.METHODS: 220 adolescents with excess body weight were enrolled. They were beginners in a intervention program that included patients based on age, availability, presence of excess body weight, place of residence, and agreement to participate in the study. This study collected anthropometric and hemodynamic variables, health-related physical fitness, and health-related quality of life of the adolescents. To compare the three groups according to nutritional status, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied. Significance level was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in resting heart rate, health-related physical fitness, relative body fat, absolute and relative lean mass, and health-related quality of life between overweight, obese, and severely obese adolescents (p>0.05). Body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and systolic blood pressure increased as degree of excess weightincreased (p<0.05). Dyastolic blood pressure of the severe obesity group was higher than the other groups (p<0.05). There was an association between the degree of excess weight and the prevalence of altered blood pressure (overweight: 12.1%; obesity: 28.1%; severe obesity: 45.5%; p<0.001). The results were similar when genders were analyzed separately.CONCLUSION: Results suggest that overweight adolescents presented similar results compared to obese and severely obese adolescents in most of the parameters analyzed.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne G. Helfer ◽  
Ashley D. Bugeja ◽  
Sarah E. Jackson ◽  
Elizabeth Woltja

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