scholarly journals Microcredit Impacts: Evidence from a Large-Scale Observational Study in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Goldszmidt ◽  
Patrick Behr ◽  
Cesar Zucco ◽  
Anna-Katharina Lenz ◽  
Lauro Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of microcredit in Brazil. We use a propensity score matching on original primary data on business and personal outcomes to compare veteran clients of BNDES—Brazil’s largest government-owned development bank—to a matched sample of more recent clients. Based on administrative data as well as data from a survey of 2107 clients from the South and Northeast regions of Brazil, the findings show no significant impacts on income, employment generation, access to credit, and business formalization, except for the poorest Municipalities of the Northeast, where microcredit presented positive effects.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

scholarly journals Village Level Analysis of Credit and Livelihood Enhancement of Microfinance in Andhra Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Jaya Priyadarshini Yarikipati ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Pinamala
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Micro finance as an institution are seen to have characteristics that help to solve the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection, which are the existing problems of rural credit institutions which other institutions failed to do. Group lending, peer monitoring and joint liability systems solve the adverse selection and moral hazard issues associated with rural credit markets. This study also focused in finding out the impact of micro finance programme on poverty, money lenders, women empowerment and living standards of the rural poor based on the primary and secondary data collected from Kamavarapukota mandal in Andhra Pradesh in India. Using primary data collected from the filled survey through the constructive schedules and personal interview to estimates the linkages between microfinance and its impacts on rural credit facilities, dependency ratio of money lenders for their credit needs, reduction of rural poverty, and empowerment of women in socio-economic activities.  The conclusion of this study, clearly states that the introducing microfinance inducing the overall improvements of their credit facilities as well as augmentations of their livelihood facilities in different sections of the society.  Further positive effects of this programme is that to  reinforcements of vulnerable groups or targeted population Particularly, SCs, STS, OBCs and other weaker section of the society directly to empower and to participate  in social, economic,  and political activities

scholarly journals FNGOs and financial inclusion: Investigating the impact of microcredit on employment growth in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Yawo Atiase ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Samia Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that operate with a social welfare logic in the delivery of microcredit to the financially excluded in Ghana. The microcredit is aimed at supporting the financially excluded individuals to create sustainable micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the generation of both skilled and unskilled employment. From the institutional theory perspective, this study aims at investigating the impact of microcredit provided by FNGOs on employment growth among MSEs in Ghana. The major contribution of this study is the fact that, there is a little study on FNGOs and their impact on employment growth in the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this is one of the few studies that highlights the role of FNGOs in promoting financial inclusion through the provision of microcredit for employment generation purposes. Through a multiple regression analysis, the study uses primary data collected from 506 MSEs in Ghana. The results show that microcredit which is flexible in repayment mode, accessible and adequate has a positive impact on employment generation among MSEs in Ghana. However, the current cost of microcredit in Ghana has a negative impact on employment growth among MSEs.

scholarly journals Communicative characteristics of general practitioner-led and nurse-led telephone triage at two Danish out-of-hours services: an observational study of 200 recorded calls

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Vilstrup ◽  
Dennis Schou Graversen ◽  
Linda Huibers ◽  
Morten Bondo Christensen ◽  
Anette Fischer Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Telephone Triage ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesOut-of-hours (OOH) telephone triage is used to manage patient flow, but knowledge of the communicative skills of telephone triagists is limited. The aims of this study were to compare communicative parameters in general practitioner (GP)-led and nurse-led OOH telephone triage and to discuss differences in relation to patient-centred communication and safety issues.DesignObservational study.SettingTwo Danish OOH settings: a large-scale general practitioner cooperative in the Central Denmark Region (n=100 GP-led triage conversations) and Medical Helpline 1813 in the Capital Region of Denmark (n=100 nurse-led triage conversations with use of a clinical decision support system).Participants200 audio-recorded telephone triage conversations randomly selected.Primary and secondary outcome measuresConversations were compared with regard to length of call, distribution of speaking time, question types, callers’ expression of negative affect, and nurses’ and GPs’ responses to callers’ negative affectivity using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Student’s t-test.ResultsCompared with GPs, nurses had longer telephone contacts (137s vs 264 s, p=0.001) and asked significantly more questions (5 vs 9 questions, p=0.001). In 36% of nurse-led triage conversations, triage nurses either transferred the call to a physician or had to confer the call with a physician. Nurses gave the callers significantly more spontaneous talking time than GPs (23.4s vs 17.9 s, p=0.01). Compared with nurses, GPs seemed more likely to give an emphatic response when a caller spontaneously expressed concern; however, this difference was not statistically significant (36% vs 29%, p=0.6).ConclusionsWhen comparing communicative parameters in GP-led and nurse-led triage, several differences were observed. However, the impact of these differences in the perspective of patient-centred communication and safety needs further research. More knowledge is needed to determine what characterises good quality in telephone triage communication.

Does China’s transportation infrastructure have an impact on employment in the service sector?

Kybernetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2737-2753
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Meiqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Purpose The large-scale construction of China’s transportation infrastructure has driven the flow of elements between regions, which has provided convenient conditions for the accumulation of advantageous resources. Design/methodology/approach Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China in the past 2003-2017 years, this paper applies the spatial econometric model and partial differential method and empirically analyzes the spatial spillover effect of transportation infrastructure on employment in the service industry under four spatial weighting matrices. Findings The results show that for every 1 per cent increase in the level of transportation infrastructure, the employment density of the service industry in the region can be increased by 0.1274 per cent. It is worth noting that roads promote the employment of the service industry more than railways and inland waterways. However, inland waterways have not shown positive effects. The results on spatial spillover of transportation infrastructure indicate that railway has obvious promotion effect on the employment level of service industry in the surrounding area, while the highway has hindered the effect. The spatial spillover effect of inland waterway is not obvious. Originality/value The value of this paper is to consider the impact of China’s transportation infrastructure on employment in a particular industry, especially in the service industry. The research will help to provide empirical evidence for policymakers. The government needs to invest and build transportation infrastructure based on the stage and development potential of the employment development of the regional service industry.

Do land transfers to international investors contribute to employment generation and local food security?

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1121-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamlaku Alamirew ◽  
Harald Grethe ◽  
Khalid Hassan Ali Siddig ◽  
Tesfamicheal Wossen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
International Investors

Purpose – Like many countries in the developing world, Ethiopia has leased out a huge amount of land to foreign investors. However, empirical evidence on the contribution of international investments to employment generation and food security is limited. The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of large-scale farms to local-level food security in Bako Tibe District, Oromia Region. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data were collected from 200 randomly selected households from two purposefully selected villages in the district. Secondary data were collected from government offices and the literature. Propensity score matching was used to match households based on observable characteristics. Using the World Food Programme (WFP) approach, the food consumption score (FCS) of households was calculated. Finally, the Average Treatment effect for the Treated was determined. Findings – Findings indicate that foreign land deals increase the odds of households falling into food insecurity and that the employment opportunities are both temporal and marginal. Furthermore, these land deals result in a decline of households’ FCS and thus have a negative effect on households’ food security. Research limitations/implications – The result is based on a case study which is not generalizable to the whole of Ethiopia. Practical implications – The result implies that future endeavours should resort to substantial changes in the principles of investment as well as the design and enforcement of contracts on land transfers so that international investors can commit to objectives beyond private profit. Originality/value – It examines the effect of large-scale land transfers commonly termed as land grabbing on local food security. The paper makes an important contribution to the current policy debates regarding land grabbing in Ethiopia as research about the contribution of land deals to the food security is limited.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Agricultural based Entrepreneurship Development Programmes at RUDSETI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Higher Professional Education ◽  
The Impact

On the rural side, it appears that the job potential in the agricultural economy has reached saturation level that leads to large-scale migration of workforce from rural to urban areas adding woes and strain to over-stressed civic infrastructure. Millions of unemployed young people, especially those from rural and semi-urban backgrounds who have not been able to access higher/professional education but who are oriented towards white-collar jobs, is driven to despair because they cannot find a job. It calls for the need for entrepreneurial ventures among the unemployed youth to encourage self-employment. In this context, this study aims at understanding the impact of Agricultural Employment Development Programmes offered by RUDSETI. Moreover, the study analyses how RUDSETI was able to motivate, instil technical knowledge, management skills, resource management, and handhold trainees even after starting their own agricultural business. For the study, the purposive sampling method was applied to collect the primary data from the trainees at RUDSETI. Descriptive method of research was adopted. The result of study states that training programme was key factor to start and successful running of their business. The hypothesis testing also proved positive that RUDSETI is acting as a catalyst towards growth and sustaining of the Agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Novel transdisciplinary methodology for cross-sectional analysis of snakebite epidemiology at national scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009023
Author(s):  
Gabriel Alcoba ◽  
Carlos Ochoa ◽  
Sara Babo Martins ◽  
Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda ◽  
Isabelle Bolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
The Impact

Background Worldwide, it is estimated that snakes bite 4.5–5.4 million people annually, 2.7 million of which are envenomed, and 81,000–138,000 die. The World Health Organization reported these estimates and recognized the scarcity of large-scale, community-based, epidemiological data. In this context, we developed the “Snake-Byte” project that aims at (i) quantifying and mapping the impact of snakebite on human and animal health, and on livelihoods, (ii) developing predictive models for medical, ecological and economic indicators, and (iii) analyzing geographic accessibility to healthcare. This paper exclusively describes the methodology we developed to collect large-scale primary data on snakebite in humans and animals in two hyper-endemic countries, Cameroon and Nepal. Methodology/Principal findings We compared available methods on snakebite epidemiology and on multi-cluster survey development. Then, in line with those findings, we developed an original study methodology based on a multi-cluster random survey, enhanced by geospatial, One Health, and health economics components. Using a minimum hypothesized snakebite national incidence of 100/100,000/year and optimizing design effect, confidence level, and non-response margin, we calculated a sample of 61,000 people per country. This represented 11,700 households in Cameroon and 13,800 in Nepal. The random selection with probability proportional to size generated 250 clusters from all Cameroonian regions and all Nepalese Terai districts. Our household selection methodology combined spatial randomization and selection via high-resolution satellite images. After ethical approval in Switerland (CCER), Nepal (BPKIHS), and Cameroon (CNERSH), and informed written consent, our e-questionnaires included geolocated baseline demographic and socio-economic characteristics, snakebite clinical features and outcomes, healthcare expenditure, animal ownership, animal outcomes, snake identification, and service accessibility. Conclusions/Significance This novel transdisciplinary survey methodology was subsequently used to collect countrywide snakebite envenoming data in Nepal and Cameroon. District-level incidence data should help health authorities to channel antivenom and healthcare allocation. This methodology, or parts thereof, could be easily adapted to other countries and to other Neglected Tropical Diseases.

scholarly journals Women Empowerment: Analysis of the Role of Self Help Groups in Empowering Rural Women in Goa

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Joey Joey Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Help Group

Self Help Groups have emerged as an important mechanism to bring about socio-economic change in society. Various studies indicate the positive impact that SHGs have had on employment generation, savings, incomes, poverty alleviation and women empowerment. The present study, based on primary data sourced from women members of SHGs located in the state of Goa is an attempt to understand the impact of group membership on its members, particularly women. An attempt has also been made to throw light on the pivotal role that the Self Help Group Promoting Agencies essay in realising the goal of women empowerment. The study also analyses the independence that women exhibit in taking decisions, be it in the economic or political domain.

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