scholarly journals Bored by bothering? A cost-value approach to pandemic boredom

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna S. Martarelli ◽  
Wanja Wolff ◽  
Maik Bieleke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Us States ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Boredom Proneness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn an effort to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have employed non-pharmaceutical containment measures. The effectiveness of such mitigation efforts relies on individual compliance (e.g., avoiding to travel or to gather). Crucially, adhering to the required behavioral recommendations places substantial burdens on those who are asked to follow them. One particularly likely outcome of adherence should be the experience of boredom. Thus, people might get bored by bothering. Drawing from research and theorizing on reward-based decision making, we conducted a high-powered study (N = 1553 US participants) to investigate whether the value and effort people ascribe to adherence to containment measures directly and indirectly (i.e., mediated by adherence) affects their experience of boredom. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high value and low effort predicted compliance with behavioral recommendations. Moreover, higher compliance was linked to more boredom, meaning that high value and low effort increased boredom via compliance. In contrast, high value and low effort had direct effects on boredom in the opposite direction (i.e., decreasing boredom). Attesting to their robustness and generalizability, these findings held for both prospective (with respect to upcoming winter holidays) and retrospective behavior (with respect to previous thanksgiving holidays), across US states, which had or had not enforced behavioral restrictions, individual differences in boredom proneness, and demographic variables. Taken together, our results provide evidence that people can indeed get bored by bothering: Complying with nonpharmacological containment measures like avoiding to travel and to gather can come at the cost of getting bored, an experience that was strongly linked to negative affect in our study.

scholarly journals Bored by bothering: A cost-value approach to pandemic boredom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Martarelli ◽  
Wanja Wolff ◽  
Maik Bieleke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Boredom Proneness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

In an effort to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have employed non-pharmaceutical containment measures. The effectiveness of such mitigation efforts relies on individual compliance (e.g., avoiding to travel or to gather). Crucially, adhering to the required behavioral recommendations places substantial burdens on those who are asked to follow them. One particularly likely outcome of adherence should be the experience of boredom. Thus, people might get bored by bothering. Drawing from research and theorizing on reward-based decision making, we conducted a high-powered study (N = 1553 US participants) to investigate whether the value and effort people ascribe to adherence to containment measures directly and indirectly (i.e., mediated by adherence) affects their experience of boredom. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high value and low effort predicted compliance with behavioral recommendations. Moreover, higher compliance was linked to more boredom, meaning that high value and low effort increased boredom via compliance. In contrast, high value and low effort had direct effects on boredom in the opposite direction (i.e., decreasing boredom). Attesting to their robustness and generalizability, these findings held for both prospective (with respect to upcoming winter holidays) and retrospective behavior (with respect to previous thanksgiving holidays), across US states which had or had not enforced behavioral restrictions, individual differences in boredom proneness, and demographic variables. Taken together, our results show that people can indeed get bored by bothering: Complying with nonpharmacological containment measures like avoiding to travel and to gather can come at the cost of getting bored, an experience that was strongly linked to negative affect in our study. While the observed levels of compliance were relatively high and those of boredom were relatively low, the data suggest that this could change over time because levels of boredom might rise. This might render maintenance of compliance in the general public increasingly difficult. However, we illustrate how policy makers can rely on theoretical models of boredom and behavior to maintain compliance and discuss the chances and pitfalls of doing so.

scholarly journals Factors Related to COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors: A Structural Equation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanita Šuriņa ◽  
Kristine Martinsone ◽  
Viktorija Perepjolkina ◽  
Jelena Kolesnikova ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Threat Appraisal ◽  
Preventive Behavior ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship

Background: While COVID-19 has rapidly spread around the world, and vaccines are not widely available to the general population, the World Health Organization outlines preventive behavior as the most effective way to limit the rapid spread of the virus. Preventive behavior is associated with a number of factors that both encourage and discourage prevention.Aim: The aim of this research was to study COVID-19 threat appraisal, fear of COVID-19, trust in COVID-19 information sources, COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and the relationship of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, level of education, place of residence, and employment status) to COVID-19 preventive behavior.Methods: The data originate from a national cross-sectional online survey (N = 2,608) undertaken in July 2020. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.Results: COVID-19 threat appraisal, trust in COVID-19 information sources, and fear of COVID-19 are all significant predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Together they explain 26.7% of the variance of this variable. COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs significantly negatively predict COVID-19 threat appraisal (R2 = 0.206) and trust in COVID-19 information sources (R2 = 0.190). COVID-19 threat appraisal contributes significantly and directly to the explanation of the fear of COVID-19 (R2 = 0.134). Directly, as well as mediated by COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, threat appraisal predicts trust in COVID-19 information sources (R2 = 0.190). The relationship between COVID-19 threat appraisal and COVID-19 preventive behaviors is partially mediated by fear of COVID-19 (indirect effect 28.6%) and trust in information sources (15.8%). Socio-demographic variables add very little in prediction of COVID-19 preventive behavior.Conclusions: The study results demonstrate that COVID-19 threat appraisal is the most important factor associated with COVID-19 preventive behavior. Those Latvian residents with higher COVID-19 threat appraisal, experienced higher levels of fear of COVID-19, had more trust in COVID-19 information sources, and were more actively involved in following COVID-19 preventive behaviors. COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs negatively predict COVID-19 threat appraisal and trust in COVID-19 information sources, but not the COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Socio-demographic factors do not play an important role here.

scholarly journals Vaccinations, Mobility and COVID-19 Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Guo ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Fu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

In order to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 52.4% of the world population had received at least one dose of a vaccine at17 November 2021, but little is known about the non-pharmaceutical aspect of vaccination. Here we empirically examine the impact of vaccination on human behaviors and COVID-19 transmission via structural equation modeling. The results suggest that, from a non-pharmaceutical perspective, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is related to human behaviors, in this case, mobility; vaccination slows the spread of COVID-19 in the regions where vaccination is negatively related to mobility, but such an effect is not observed in the regions where vaccination and mobility have positive correlations. This article highlights the significance of mobility in realizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines; even with large-scale vaccination, non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing, are still required to contain the transmission of COVID-19.

Antecedents of the Youngster’s Awareness About Financial Literacy: A Structure Equation Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292199656
Author(s):  
Pallavi Dogra ◽  
Arun Kaushal ◽  
Rishi Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The Impact

Financial literacy has been identified as an important functional area that attains a special concern in the Indian government policies and plans specially designed for the financial market. SEBI has issued various guidelines and awareness programs towards investment financial products, digital payment systems, consumer protection and so on. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to analyze the level of financial literacy among youngsters in India. The study examined the relationship between the antecedents of financial literacy, that is, financial attitude, financial knowledge and financial behavior. The theoretical purposed model was tested with the help of primary data that was collected with the help of the self-structured questionnaire. A total of 647 responses were obtained from the respondents belonging to the holy city Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. To identify the financial literacy antecedents and their inter-relationship, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling were applied to the collected data. The findings indicated that in the case of the Indian population, financial attitude and financial behavior were significantly associated with financial literacy. The moderation analysis reveals that males are more particular about financial knowledge and financial behavior in comparison to females. Respondents belonging to the age group of 26–30 years have better financial knowledge. Respondents who have income more than ₹800 thousand and below two years have more financial knowledge. This article contributes to the theoretical body of knowledge by providing insights about the interesting topic of financial literacy by identifying its antecedents. The study also highlights the impact of the demographic variables as moderators on the antecedents of financial literacy. The outcomes of the study are vital for the government in the designing of public policies. The findings are helpful for the educational program designers for the outlining of the programs and syllabus for the subjects taught in the schools and colleges. The findings are useful for the bank managers to understand the psychological behavior as well as demographic variables for the effective marketing and communication of their financial products.

Green lifestyle moderates GHRM’s impact on job performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Fatima Paro Ragas ◽  
Flora Mae Angub Tantay ◽  
Lorraine Joyce Co Chua ◽  
Carolyn Marie Concha Sunio
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green Lifestyle

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the moderating role of green lifestyle to the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) on employee’s job performance from various industries and a possible spillover of GHRM to employee’s lifestyle. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling and exploratory factor analysis were utilized in order to determine the relationship of the variables. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 332 respondents from various private industries who were randomly selected for this study. Findings This study shows that the implementation of GHRM has an effect on an employee’s lifestyle and also on their job performance. It suggests that organizations can contribute to the environment and also maintain employees’ good performance. Research limitations/implications Considering the locus of the study, it was restricted to industries from the National Capital Region in the Philippines. The study was also limited to industries who are ISO14001 certified, aiming for that certification, or implementing green practices. The survey was also not disseminated according to age groups and gender. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to explore further the effects of these variables to other factors. Practical implications This study may encourage human resource practitioners to implement GHRM practices in the workplace to motivate employees to participate in greening the world. Originality/value This study brings great importance to the implementation of GHRM as it is needed by the current status of the world.

Intensity of food deprivation: The integrative impacts of the world system, modernization, conflict, militarization and the environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L Kick ◽  
Laura A McKinney ◽  
Gretchen H Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
World System ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

US and world military expenditures have increased dramatically in the last decade. Some cross-national treatments identify positive impacts of military spending on a range of domestic outcomes, while many others point to the converse. We review the literature and then focus on under examined relationships, including the impact of military expenditures on the intensity of food deprivation worldwide. We employ a structural equation modeling technique that permits synthetic analyses of direct and indirect impacts of a range of factors specified by the theories. We find world-system context indirectly matters a great deal to the intensity of food deprivation in nations, both in our sample of developed and developing nations, and of developing countries only. So do intra-national and international conflicts, especially insofar as they impact national modernization and military spending. While modernization is moderately enhanced by military spending for our cross-national sample of developed and developing countries, it is not for the sample of developing countries only. This may point to military technology’s spill over effects on other sectors of the economy, but solely for developed nations. For the world over, national modernization, itself a consequence of global power and dependency, directly reduces the intensity of food deprivation, while military expenditures directly heighten it. These differential relationships lead us to advocate for a more synthetic theorizing in studies of food security and hunger, while accounting for global circumstances that produce both similar and different consequences in richer and poorer countries.

scholarly journals STRATEGI BISNIS PADA KINERJA PERUSAHAAN ERA COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-183
Author(s):  
Desfitrina Desfitrina ◽  
Zulfadhli Zulfadhli ◽  
Triana Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of natural phenomena in the abundance of the entire population on earth resulted in a large enough impact, especially health and economy in various sectors of society in the world. The Coronavirus has devastated micro, small and medium enterprises that have gone bankrupt but there are also opportunities for micro, small and medium enterprises. But there are also some sectors that have benefited and become opportunities to reap profits, such as virtual internet telecommunications and mask making, not all have gone bankrupt, as happened in the tourism, culinary, hotel, and restaurant sectors that cannot adapt to today's difficult times. My shopping habit of visiting places has decreased. This habit leads to virtual services to reduce transactions crowding with many people so that the Coronavirus can be reduced. Efforts to reduce activities outside the home will open up opportunities for micro, small and medium enterprises online so that people use the internet and don't crowd. Turning on micro, small and medium enterprises so that the impact of corona can be avoided quickly. Changes in people's behavior that reduce outdoor activities and networks of creative industries and small and medium-sized businesses in the largest business sector in the world that appear to be Covid-19 are quite depressed in dealing with problems and building businesses. This research method is descriptive and verification methods, the analysis tool is structural equation modeling (SEM, Lisrel). The results show that how the influence of business strategy on the performance of small and medium scale companies during the Covid-19 period. Keywords: Business Strategy, Company Performance, Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises, Financial Performance, On The Covid-19 Epidemic   Abstract: Munculnya fenomena dari alam secara tiba-tiba yang menimpah seluruh penduduk dimuka bumi mengakibatkan dampak yang cukup besar terutama kesehatan dan ekonomi diberbagai sektor masyarakat didunia. Virus Corona memporak porandakan  usaha mikro kecil  menengah yang mengalami kebangkrutan tetapi ada juga peluang bagi usaha mikro kecil dan menengah. Tetatpi ada pulah faktor yang mendapat keuntungan  dan menjadi kesempatan untuk meraup keuntungan seperti  bidang telekomunikasi internet virtual dan pembuatan masker tidak semua mengalami  kebangkrutan seperti yang terjadi pada bidang pariwisata, kuliner, hotel dan restoran yang tidak bisa beradaptasi dengan masa sulit saat ini. Kebiasaan  shopping  dengan mendatangin tempat sudah berkurang.  Kebiasaan ini mengarah pada layanan virtual guna mengurangi transaksi yang berkerumun dengan banyak orang agar virus Corona dapat berkurang. Usaha untuk mengurangi aktivitas diluar rumah ini akan membuka peluang usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di jalur daring agar masyarakat menggunakan internet dan tidak berkerumun. Menghidupkan Usaha mikro kecil dan menengah dapat agar dampak corona dapat dihindari secara cepat. Perubahan perilaku masyarakat yang mengurangi aktivitas di luar ruangan dan jaringan Industri kreatif dan usaha kecil menengah pada sektor bisnis terbesar di dunia yang yang tedampak covid-19 cukup tertekan dalam menangani masalah dan membangun usaha. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikasi, alat analisisnya adalah pemodelan persamaan struktural (SEM, Lisrel). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi bisnis berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan skala kecil menengah masa covid-19.   Keywork: Business Strategy, Kinerja Perusahaan, usaha mikro kecil menengah,kinerja keuangan, pademi Covid-19

Determinants of service quality and impact of service quality and consumer characteristics on channel selection

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 2078-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mohsan Khudri ◽  
Saida Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Channel Selection ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek the determinants of service quality and evaluate the impact of service quality and consumers’ characteristics on channel selection in the context of beverage industry in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using convenience sampling method. Initially exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract the key dimensions of service quality and then structural equation modeling was employed to verify the causal relationships between the dimensions of service quality and service quality itself. χ2 test was used to determine whether any association exists between service quality or demographic variables and choice of channel types. Cramer’s V was performed to measure the strength of association. One-way ANOVA was carried out to identify significant impact of demographic variables on perception of service quality. Findings – The research findings indicated that personal interaction, appearance, reliability, policy, and problem solving are the key determinants of service quality in terms of beverage industry in Bangladesh. It is observed that customers preferring factors like personal interaction and problem solving intend to purchase beverage items from super shop. Customers who are deemed socioeconomically high taking profession and monthly income into account prefer shopping at super shop. Customers who are female or married with no kid or service holders showed better satisfaction with service quality. Research limitations/implications – Due to money and time constraints the study could not cover up the whole country. Conclusions and predictions to be applied to consumers in general may not be appropriate entirely since specific age group was deemed, given that the subject was beverage products. Practical implications – The model proposed in this study will help managers and suppliers understand how consumers assess the quality of services. In order to strengthen brand and create brand loyalty, marketing planners, managers, and suppliers must be aware of the dimensions of service quality, and consumers’ characteristics. Selecting an optimal sales channel is imperative for suppliers in order to make their products reach to target consumers. Originality/value – Service quality plays crucial role in ameliorating customer satisfaction and creating competitive advantage whereas sales channels have impact on sustaining the long-term profitability of the company. This paper has contributed significantly to these issues and sought consumers’ characteristics and preference as well.

Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Helen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

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