Estimating Optimum Water Content and Maximum Dry Unit Weight for Compacted Clays

Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of fiber inclusion on compaction characteristic of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory tests carried out to evaluate fiber effect on optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of composite soils. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and natural fiber was used as reinforcement. The fiber parameters differed from one test to another, as fiber length varied from 10 mm to 25mm and fiber content were selected as 0.1% and 0.3%. For each test, compaction curved derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of fiber affected compaction behaviour of samples so that increasing in fiber content and length caused increasing in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and slightly decreased maximum dry unit weight.

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Estimating compaction behavior of fine-grained soils based on compaction energy

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t08-022 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 877-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Osman Sivrikaya ◽

Ergun Togrol ◽

Cafer Kayadelen

Keyword(s):

Engineering Properties ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Dry Unit Weight ◽

Compaction Behavior ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Geotechnical Structures ◽

Compaction Energy ◽

Optimum Water

For successful designs of geotechnical structures, rational determination of the engineering properties of soils is an important process. In this context, compaction parameters, maximum dry unit weight (γdmax), and optimum water content (wopt) are required to be determined at various compaction energies. This paper proposes correlation equations that relate γdmax and wopt obtained from standard Proctor (SP) and modified Proctor (MP) tests to the index properties. To develop accurate relations, the data collected from the literature and the authors’ own database have been used. It has been found that while wopt has the best correlation with plastic limit (wp), γdmax can be estimated more accurately from wopt than it can from wp. In addition, the empirical methods including compaction energy (E) are described for estimating wopt and γdmax of fine-grained soils. The variables of the developed models for wopt and γdmax are wp, E, and wopt. It has been shown that the proposed correlations including the compaction energy will be useful for a preliminary design of a project where there is a financial constraint and limited time.

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Estimation of Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Unit Weight of Fine-Grained Soils using Numerical Methods

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.22792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Armand Augustin FONDJO ◽

Elizabeth THERON ◽

Richard P. RAY

Keyword(s):

Soil Compaction ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Large Scale ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Dry Unit Weight ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Predicted Values ◽

The Stability ◽

Optimum Water

Soil compaction is one of the basic engineering techniques, which is carried out to guarantee the stability of soils dependent on specified strength. Nonetheless, in large-scale construction projects, the estimation of compaction features required tremendous effort and time that can be saved utilizing empirical relationships at the initial phases. It becomes critical to develop models to predict the compaction features, namely the maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) and optimum water content (WOP). This article attempts to develop models to predict the γdmax and WOP of fine-grained clay soils. Geotechnical tests such as grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, and proctor compaction tests are performed to assess soil samples' physical and hyro-mechanical characteristics. Multivariate analysis is conducted using MINITAB 18 software to develop the predictive models. The validation process of developed models includes the determination coefficient, probability value (p-value), comparison of the predicted values with experimental values, comparison of the models proposed in this study with other existing models found in the recent literature, and employing a different soil data set. The predicted values obtained from the models proposed in this research project are more accurate than other models developed recently. The proposed models estimate the compaction features of fine-grained clay soils with acceptable precision. HIGHLIGHTS Soil compaction is one of the basic engineering techniques perform to guarantee the stability of soils dependent on specified strength In large-scale construction projects, the estimation of compaction parameters required tremendous effort and time that can be saved utilizing empirical relationships at the initial phases This study has developed semi-empirical models to predict the compaction parameters (maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content) of fine-grained soils GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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The effect of fine material amount on optimum water content of roller compacted concrete

International Journal of Business & Technology ◽

10.33107/ijbte.2018.6.3.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Kubilay Akçaözoğlu ◽

Bedrettin Menemencioğlu

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Roller Compacted Concrete ◽

Fine Material ◽

Limit Value ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Proctor Test ◽

Aggregate Amount ◽

Optimum Water

In this study the effect of fine material amount on the optimum water content of roller compacted concrete (RCC) was investigated. The fine aggregate was replaced with calcite which maximum particle size was 63 μ, in amount of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 10% and 14% by weight of total aggregate. Six different mixtures were prepared in the study. The optimum water contents of the mixtures were determined by using modified proctor test. Optimum water content, maximum dry unit weight and maximum fresh unit weight of produced specimens were measured. Optimum water content of specimens decreased depending on increasing fine aggregate amount, however these values increased after a limit value. Maximum fresh and dry unit weights of specimens increased depending on increasing fine aggregate amount, however after a limit value the fresh and dry weights of specimens decreased.

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Investigation on Compaction Characteristics of Reinforced Soil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.964 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 261-263 ◽

pp. 964-968 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amin Chegenizadeh ◽

Hamid Nikraz

Keyword(s):

Optimum Moisture Content ◽

Reinforced Soil ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Embankment Dam ◽

Dry Unit Weight ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Compaction Characteristic ◽

Optimum Water ◽

Compaction Behaviour

Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of fiber inclusion on compaction characteristic of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory tests carried out to evaluate fiber effect on optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of composite soils. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and plastic fiber was used as reinforcement. The fiber parameters differed from one test to another, as fiber length varied from 10 mm to 35mm and fiber content were selected as 0.1% and 0.4%. For each test, compaction curved derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of fiber affected compaction behaviour of samples so that increasing in fiber content and length caused increasing in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and slightly decreased maximum dry unit weight.

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Bentonite Composite and Fibre

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.38 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 652-654 ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Amin Chegenizadeh ◽

Hamid Nikraz

Keyword(s):

Natural Fiber ◽

Optimum Moisture Content ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Embankment Dam ◽

Dry Unit Weight ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Compaction Characteristic ◽

Optimum Water ◽

Compaction Behaviour

Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of fiber inclusion on compaction characteristic of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory tests carried out to evaluate fiber effect on optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of composite soils. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and natural fiber was used as reinforcement. The fiber parameters differed from one test to another, as fiber length varied from 10 mm to 20mm and fiber content were selected as 0.1% and 0.25%. For each test, compaction curved derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of fiber affected compaction behaviour of samples so that increasing in fiber content and length caused increasing in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and slightly decreased maximum dry unit weight.

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Paper Reinforcement and Soil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1741 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 608-609 ◽

pp. 1741-1745

Author(s):

Amin Chegenizadeh ◽

Hamid Nikraz

Keyword(s):

Optimum Moisture Content ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Reinforcement Effect ◽

Embankment Dam ◽

Test Compaction ◽

Dry Unit Weight ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Compaction Characteristic ◽

Optimum Water ◽

Compaction Behaviour

Composite soils have been extensively used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of paper reinforcement inclusion on compaction characteristic of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory tests performed to assess reinforcement effect on optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of composite soils. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and paper was used as reinforcement. The paper reinforcement parameters differed from one test to another, as paper length varied from 15 mm to 40mm and paper content were selected as 5% and 10%. For each test, compaction curved derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of paper affected compaction behaviour of samples so that increasing in paper content and length caused increasing in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and slightly decreased maximum dry unit weight.

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Aspects of the behaviour of compacted clayey soils on drying and wetting paths

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t02-100 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1341-1357 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Jean-Marie Fleureau ◽

Jean-Claude Verbrugge ◽

Pedro J Huergo ◽

António Gomes Correia ◽

Siba Kheirbek-Saoud

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Pore Water ◽

Unsaturated Soils ◽

Pore Water Pressure ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Dry Density ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Maximum Dry Density ◽

Optimum Water Content ◽

Optimum Water

A relatively large number of drying and wetting tests have been performed on clayey soils compacted at the standard or modified Proctor optimum water content and maximum density and compared with tests on normally consolidated or overconsolidated soils. The results show that drying and wetting paths on compacted soils are fairly linear and reversible in the void ratio or water content versus negative pore-water pressure planes. On the wet side of the optimum, the wetting paths are independent of the compaction water content and can be approached by compaction tests with measurement of the negative pore-water pressure. Correlations have been established between the liquid limit of the soils and such properties as the optimum water content and negative pore-water pressure, the maximum dry density, and the swelling or drying index. Although based on a limited number of tests, these correlations provide a fairly good basis to model the dryingwetting paths when all the necessary data are not available.Key words: compaction, unsaturated soils, clays, drying, wetting, Proctor conditions.

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Evaluations of the effects of soil properties and electrical conductivity on the water content reflectometer calibration for landfill cover soils

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/158/2015-swr ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Kim ◽

J. Sim ◽

T.-H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Water Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Volumetric Water Content ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Landfill Cover ◽

Dry Unit Weight

This study presents soil-moisture calibrations using low-frequency (15–40 MHz) time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe, referred to as water content reflectometer (WCR), for measuring the volumetric water content of landfill cover soils, developing calibrations for 28 different soils, and evaluating how WCR calibrations are affected by soil properties and electrical conductivity. A 150-mm-diameter PVC cell was used for the initial WCR calibration. Linear and polynomial calibrations were developed for each soil. Although the correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) for the polynomial calibration are slightly higher, the linear calibrations are accurate and pragmatic to use. The effects of soil electrical conductivity and index properties were investigated using the slopes of linear WCR calibrations. Soils with higher electrical conductivity had lower calibration slopes due to greater attenuation of the signal during transmission in the soil. Soils with higher electrical conductivity tended to have higher clay content, organic matter, liquid limit, and plasticity index. The effects of temperature and dry unit weight on WCR calibrations were assessed in clayey and silty soils. The sensor period was found to increase with the temperature and density increase, with greater sensitivity in fine-textured plastic soils. For typical variations in temperature, errors in volumetric water content on the order of 0.04 can be expected for wet soils and 0.01 for drier soils if temperature corrections are not applied. Errors on the order of 0.03 (clays) and 0.01 (silts) can be expected for typical variations in dry unit weight (± 2 kN/m<sup>3</sup>).

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