Examining the Relationship between Construction Workers’ Visual Attention and Situation Awareness under Fall and Tripping Hazard Conditions: Using Mobile Eye Tracking

Eye-tracking studies on exploration of faces and objects in autism provided important knowledge but only in a constraint condition (chin rest, total time looking at screen not reported), without studying potential differences between subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls in spontaneous visual attention toward a screen presenting these stimuli. This study used eye tracking to compare spontaneous visual attention to a screen displaying a face or an object between children with autism and controls in a nonconstraint condition and to investigate the relationship with clinical characteristics in autism group. Time exploring screen was measured during passive viewing of static images of faces or objects. Autistic behaviors were assessed by the CARS and the BSE-R in autism group. In autism group, time exploring face screen and time exploring object screen were lower than in controls and were not correlated with degree of distractibility. There was no interaction between group and type of image on time spent exploring screen. Only time exploring face screen was correlated with autism severity and gaze impairment. Results highlight particularities of spontaneous visual attention toward a screen displaying faces or objects in autism, which should be taken into account in future eye-tracking studies on face exploration.

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Automatic Visual Attention Detection for Mobile Eye Tracking Using Pre-Trained Computer Vision Models and Human Gaze

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21124143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 4143

Author(s):

Michael Barz ◽

Daniel Sonntag

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Manual Annotation ◽

Learning Models ◽

Areas Of Interest ◽

Mobile Eye Tracking

Processing visual stimuli in a scene is essential for the human brain to make situation-aware decisions. These stimuli, which are prevalent subjects of diagnostic eye tracking studies, are commonly encoded as rectangular areas of interest (AOIs) per frame. Because it is a tedious manual annotation task, the automatic detection and annotation of visual attention to AOIs can accelerate and objectify eye tracking research, in particular for mobile eye tracking with egocentric video feeds. In this work, we implement two methods to automatically detect visual attention to AOIs using pre-trained deep learning models for image classification and object detection. Furthermore, we develop an evaluation framework based on the VISUS dataset and well-known performance metrics from the field of activity recognition. We systematically evaluate our methods within this framework, discuss potentials and limitations, and propose ways to improve the performance of future automatic visual attention detection methods.

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Anesthesia providers' visual attention in simulated anesthesia emergencies using conventional number-based and avatar-based patient monitoring: a prospective, eye-tracking study. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.35642 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arsène Ljubenovic ◽

Sadiq Said ◽

Julia Braun ◽

Bastian Grande ◽

Michaela Kolbe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Attention ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Task Performance ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Dwell Time ◽

Patient Monitoring ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Patient Monitor ◽

Anesthesia Providers ◽

Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Inadequate situational awareness accounts for two-thirds of preventable complications in anesthesia. An essential tool for situational awareness in the perioperative setting is the patient monitor. However, the conventional monitor has several weaknesses. Avatar-based patient monitoring may address these shortcomings and promote situation awareness, a prerequisite for good decision making. OBJECTIVE The spatial distribution of visual attention is a fundamental process for achieving adequate situation awareness and thus a potential quantifiable surrogate for situation awareness. Moreover, measuring visual attention with a head-mounted eye-tracker may provide insights into usage and acceptance of the new avatar-based patient monitoring modality. METHODS This prospective eye-tracking study compared anesthesia providers' visual attention on conventional and avatar-based patient monitors during simulated critical anesthesia events. We defined visual attention, measured as fixation count and dwell time, as our primary outcome. We correlated visual attention with the potential confounders: performance in managing simulated critical anesthesia events (task performance), work experience, and profession. We used mixed linear models to analyze the results. RESULTS Fifty-two teams performed 156 simulations. After a manual quality check of the eye-tracking footage, we excluded 57 simulations due to technical problems and quality issues. Participants had a median of 198 (IQR 92.5 – 317.5) fixations on the patient monitor with a median dwell time of 30.2 (IQR 14.9 – 51.3) seconds. We found no significant difference in participants' visual attention when using avatar-based patient monitoring or conventional patient monitoring. However, we found that with each percentage point of better task performance, the number of fixations decreased by about 1.39 (coefficient -1.39; 95%CI: -2.44 to -0.34; P=0.02), and the dwell time diminished by 0.23 seconds (coefficient -0.23; 95%CI: -0.4 to -0.06; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Using eye-tracking, we found no significant difference in visual attention when anesthesia providers used avatar-based monitoring or conventional patient monitoring in simulated critical anesthesia events. However, we identified visual attention in conjunction with task performance as a surrogate for situational awareness. CLINICALTRIAL Business Management System for Ethics Committees Number Req-2020-00059

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Evaluating Communication Effectiveness Through Eye Tracking: Benefits, State of the Art, and Unresolved Questions

International Journal of Business Communication ◽

10.1177/2329488419893746 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 232948841989374 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda ◽

Juan Sánchez-Fernández ◽

José-Ángel Ibáñez-Zapata

Keyword(s):

Visual Attention ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Advertising Effectiveness ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Communication Effectiveness ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Research Gap ◽

Communication Calls ◽

The Relationship

Modern eye-tracking techniques have opened a new door of opportunities for evaluating communication effectiveness in a way that minimizes cognitive biases and provides moment-by-moment insights into communication’s attention processes. The increasing body of research applying eye-tracking methodologies, together with the reorientation of the landscape of communication, calls for a comprehensive overview of the scope of research concerning audience’s visual attention to advertising. This is the first study that applies a systematic literature review approach to face this research gap by analyzing 112 papers published between 1979 and 2019 in journals indexed by the ISI Web of Science database. Based on this review, the article examines current evidence determining the visual attention to ads and the relationship between eye-tracking measures and other facets of advertising effectiveness, namely cognitive, affective, and behavioral consumer response. Finally, this article discusses the implications for business communication and proposes directions for academics and professionals intending to explore advertising effectiveness through eye tracking.

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Effect of monitor positioning on visual attention and situation awareness during neonatal resuscitation: a randomised simulation study

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2019-316992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 285-291

Author(s):

Brenda Hiu Yan Law ◽

Po-Yin Cheung ◽

Sylvia van Os ◽

Caroline Fray ◽

Georg M Schmölzer

Keyword(s):

Visual Attention ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Neonatal Resuscitation ◽

Protocol Adherence ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Radiant Warmer

ObjectivesTo compare situation awareness (SA), visual attention (VA) and protocol adherence in simulated neonatal resuscitations using two different monitor positions.DesignRandomised controlled simulation study.SettingsSimulation lab at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada.ParticipantsHealthcare providers (HCPs) with Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) certification within the last 2 years and trained in neonatal endotracheal intubations.InterventionHCPs were randomised to either central (eye-level on the radiant warmer) or peripheral (above eye-level, wall-mounted) monitor positions. Each led a complex resuscitation with a high-fidelity mannequin and a standardised assistant. To measure SA, situation awareness global assessment tool (SAGAT) was used, where simulations were paused at three predetermined points, with five questions asked each pause. Videos were analysed for SAGAT and adherence to a NRP checklist. Eye-tracking glasses recorded participants’ VA.Main outcome measureThe main outcome was SA as measured by composite SAGAT score. Secondary outcomes included VA and adherence to NRP checklist.ResultsThirty simulations were performed; 29 were completed per protocol and analysed. Twenty-two eye-tracking recordings were of sufficient quality and analysed. Median composite SAGAT was 11.5/15 central versus 11/15 peripheral, p=0.56. Checklist scores 46/50 central versus 46/50 peripheral, p=0.75. Most VA was directed at the mannequin (30.6% central vs 34.1% peripheral, p=0.76), and the monitor (28.7% central vs 20.5% peripheral, p=0.06).ConclusionsSimulation, SAGAT and eye-tracking can be used to evaluate human factors of neonatal resuscitation. During simulated neonatal resuscitation, monitor position did not affect SA, VA or protocol adherence.

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Exploring the Awe-some: Mobile eye-tracking insights into awe in a science museum

10.31234/osf.io/2u3cb ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sheila Krogh-Jespersen ◽

Kimberly A Quinn ◽

William Leo Donald Krenzer ◽

Christine Thi Nguyen ◽

Jana Greenslit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Attention ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Informal Learning ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Science Museum ◽

Exhibit Design ◽

Informal Learning Environments ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Tracking Technology ◽

Mobile Eye Tracking

Informal learning environments provide the opportunity to study guests’ experiences as they engage with exhibits specifically designed to invoke the emotional experience of awe. The current paper presents insight gained by using both traditional survey measures and innovative mobile eye-tracking technology to examine guests’ experiences of awe in a science museum. We present results for guests’ visual attention in two exhibit spaces, one chosen for its potential to evoke positive awe and one for negative awe, and examine associations between visual attention and survey responses with regard to different facets of awe. In this exploratory study, we find relationships between how guests attend to features within an exhibit space (e.g., signage) and their feelings of awe. We discuss implications of using both methods concurrently to shed new light on exhibit design, and more generally for working in transdisciplinary multimethod teams to move scientific knowledge and application forward.

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New Lens to Reveal the Street Interface. A Morphological-Visual Perception Methodological Contribution for Decoding the Public/Private Edge of Arterial Streets

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132011442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 11442

Author(s):

Nawaf Saeed Al Mushayt ◽

Francesca Dal Cin ◽

Sérgio Barreiros Proença

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Physical Entity ◽

Floor Level ◽

Arterial Streets ◽

The Public ◽

Topological Characteristics ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mobile Eye Tracking

Streets have different forms that are not defined only by their partitions, furniture, and width, but also by their edges as vital features of their spatiality. The relationship between a street and a building impacts the street interface configurations, resulting in various topological characteristics. Thus, the street interface is a physical entity that is produced by the interrelationship between urban morphological elements (street and building), and the way it is formed and used affects the livability of the street. The methods used in the current study contribute to an empirical urban morphological–visual cognitive investigation of arterial street interface configurations, particularly on the ground floor level, to assess potential relations between variations in the physical configurations that influence pedestrian visual perception using mobile eye-tracking glasses. In conclusion, this study contributes to research into developing a spatial framework for arterial street liveability, addressing the pilot case study of Avenida da República in Lisbon.

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