Rainwater Harvesting in Residential Buildings for Meeting Non-Potable Water Demand in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Qazvin, Iran

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Rashidi Mehrabadi ◽  
B. Saghafian ◽  
M. S. Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Residential Buildings

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Custódio ◽  
Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
City Council ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Daily Water

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of Joinville, a city located in southern Brazil. Data on roof areas of residential buildings were obtained from the Joinville city council. By considering the roof areas and typologies of residential buildings, representative models were created. The following parameters were used to determine the rainwater tank capacity: the number of dwellers; the total daily water demand per capita; and the rainwater demand. To carry out the simulations for determining the optimal rainwater tank sizes and potential for potable water savings, the computer program Netuno was used to run 33,720 different scenarios. By considering the occurrence percentage for each representative building model (weighted average), the average potential for potable water savings by using rainwater was calculated. The average potential in the central region of Joinville was 18.5% when there is rainwater use only in toilets, and 40.8% when there is rainwater use in toilets and washing machines. The rainwater harvesting system showed a better performance for a rainwater demand equal to 20% of the total daily water demand. The results indicate the necessity to properly size rainwater tank capacities to meet water demands, thereby encouraging more people to adopt rainwater harvesting as an alternative source for non-potable water in buildings. The demand for rainwater should be carefully evaluated, especially in multi-story residential buildings, due to the low availability of roof areas.

scholarly journals Rainwater harvesting as an alternative of freshwater supply in Balikpapan city – a case study of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
E T Mamangkey ◽  
R B Sukmara ◽  
Ariyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Supply Analysis

Abstract Currently, 73% of the water demand in Balikpapan was only supplied from Manggar Reservoir, and it will continue decreasing parallelly with the increasing population. Regarding the population issues and the government’s planning for the new capital city of Indonesia, Balikpapan will be a buffer city facing serious risk in water supply issues in the future. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze an alternative of water supply. Following the concepts in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), The rainwater harvesting (RWH) method was chosen for preventive analysis, and Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) as one of the reputable’s universities in Balikpapan will be taken as a study location. The results obtained that the monthly water demand in ITK was ranged from 3228.34 m3 to 16632.97 m3. Using RWH, water supply analysis was obtained from 3790.62 m3 to 10697.31 m3 in various rainfall durations (0.5 to 2 hours) and 20 years projections (2022 to 2042). Following the obtained water supply. This study also reveals that the savings of total water usage can be reached from 24% to 100%, and around IDR 14,082,002 to IDR 37,035,390 is converted to currency. The highest saving reached due to water supply meets the water demand.

scholarly journals Machine Learning and Statistical Methods for Time Series Forecasting: a Case Study with Water Demand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zerara
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Time Series Forecasting ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Statistical Approaches

<div>In this study, machine learning and statistical approaches are used to forecast water demand of a public company which is in charge of distributing potable water. Different methods and algorithms are briefly introduced, then assessed with the water demand case study and discussed in details.<br></div>

scholarly journals Machine Learning and Statistical Methods for Time Series Forecasting: a Case Study with Water Demand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zerara
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Time Series Forecasting ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Statistical Approaches

<div>In this study, machine learning and statistical approaches are used to forecast water demand of a public company which is in charge of distributing potable water. Different methods and algorithms are briefly introduced, then assessed with the water demand case study and discussed in details.<br></div>

scholarly journals Appropriate resolution timescale to evaluate water saving and retention potential of rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing in single houses

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Campisano ◽  
Carlo Modica
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Tank Water

The main objective of the paper is to identify the appropriate temporal scale for modeling the behavior of rainwater harvesting tanks in relation to the purpose they are built for, i.e., water saving, stormwater retention potential, etc. A tank water balance model coupled with a specific procedure to determine long-term series of rainfall (tank inflow) and toilet flushes (tank outflow) at different daily and sub-daily resolution timescales was developed. The model was applied to a household case study for which detailed water demand data are available from measurements. Simulations show that the daily scale may be reliably chosen to evaluate the tank water saving efficiency. In contrast, sub-daily resolutions (at least the hourly time step) are needed for the evaluation of the tank retention efficiency to limit inaccuracies, especially for small tanks and for high values of the water demand. Moreover, preliminary results at the 5 min time step show that rainwater tanks can help in reducing the rainfall intensity peak, basically depending on the tank storage and on the rainfall event characteristics.

Balancing water demand reduction and rainfall runoff minimisation: modelling green roofs, rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domniki Stratigea ◽  
Christos Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Recent years have seen a growing interest in more distributed approaches towards stormwater management, often integrated with other forms of distributed management of urban water such as water demand management technologies. This paper focuses on the role of green roofs (GR), rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater reuse and their integration at the building level. A number of models were developed to simulate these systems, and provide design curves able to simultaneously minimise both total runoff volumes and the amount of potable water used in the building (for irrigation and toilet flushing). The models developed were applied to the design of stormwater infrastructure for the building of the National Gallery, in Athens, Greece. A sensitivity analysis of various model parameters was conducted, with results suggesting, inter alia: (i) a significant decrease of total runoff volumes for rainfalls of medium-to-small return periods; (ii) a significant influence of the plant factor on water requirements (with implications for selecting vegetation for GR in a Mediterranean climate); and (iii) a significant impact of latent heat peaking during the months of June and July. The trade-off, on runoff volumes, between percentage of green roof area and the dimensions of the water storage tank was also investigated. The results suggest that the most preferable solution for conserving potable water was RWH combined with greywater recycling, while for runoff minimisation the best option was the combination of green roof and greywater recycling.

Performance of rainwater harvesting systems under scenarios of non-potable water demand and roof area typologies using a stochastic approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitoria A.R. Lopes ◽  
Guilherme Fernandes Marques ◽  
Fernando Dornelles ◽  
Josue Medellin-Azuara
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Roof Area

scholarly journals Machine Learning and Statistical Methods for Time Series Forecasting: a Case Study with Water Demand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zerara
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Time Series Forecasting ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Statistical Approaches

<div>In this study, machine learning and statistical approaches are used to forecast water demand of a public company which is in charge of distributing potable water. Different methods and algorithms are briefly introduced, then assessed with the water demand case study and discussed in details.<br></div>

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