In this paper, an ultra-compact photonic crystal sensor based resonant cavities is proposed with improved quality factor, sensitivity and detection limit. The proposed sensor has 2D pillar photonic crystals with hexagonal array of dielectric rods. The refractive index of dielectric
rods, radius of rods, filling factor (r/a) and lattice constant of the proposed structure are 3.46, 108 nm, 0.2 and 542 nm, respectively. The mean transmission efficiency, Quality factor, sensitivity, Figure of Merit (FOM) and limit of detection (LOD) are calculated as 92.2%, 9975.8,
371 nm/RIU, 2366 and 4.5 x 10-5 RIU, respectively. The corresponding electric field distributions and it band characteristics are studied using finite different time domain method (FDTD) and plan wave expansion (PWE). The cross-section of the proposed structure is 86 /xm2
and is desirable for photonic integrated circuits (PIC) and ultra-compact optical sensors.