Influence of the cross-link density and the filler content on segment dynamics in dry and swollen natural rubber studied by the NMR dipolar-correlation effect

1999 ◽  
Vol 111 (24) ◽  
pp. 11222-11231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Grinberg ◽  
Maciej Garbarczyk ◽  
Winfried Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Correlation Effect ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
The Cross

Mechanical behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)-based ionogels

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 7993-8000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Li ◽  
Jianyu Li ◽  
Hui Na ◽  
Joost J. Vlassak
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Ideal

We demonstrate that the fracture energy of ionogels correlates inversely with the cross-link density. The behavior of ionogels is well captured by the ideal elastomeric gel model.

scholarly journals Magnetic composites based on NR and strontium ferrite

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Andrea Kvasničáková ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil ◽  
Ivan Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Strontium Ferrite ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

Abstract Two types of composites based on natural rubber (NR) and strontium ferrite were tested in this study. Composites of the first type were prepared by incorporation of strontium ferrite in the concentration range ranging from 0 to 100 phr (parts per hundred rubber) into pure NR based rubber matrix, while with those of the second type, strontium ferrite was dosed in the same concentration level into NR based rubber batch with constant amount of carbon black — 25 phr. For rubber matrices cross-linking, a standard sulfur based curing system was used. This work is focused on the effect of magnetic filler content on physico-mechanical, magnetic and thermo-physical properties of composite materials. Subsequently, the cross-link density and the structure of the formed sulfidic cross-links were examined. The results showed that the cross-link density of both types of composites increased with the increasing content of magnetic filler, while the structure of the sulfidic cross-links was almost not influenced by the amount of strontium ferrite. Tensile strength of rubber composites with pure rubber matrix was slightly improved by the incorporation of ferrite, while in case of composites based on a carbon black batch, the incorporation of magnetic filler resulted in the decrease of this characteristic. The presence of magnetic filler in both types of composites leads to a significant increase of the remanent magnetic induction.

scholarly journals Dependence of the swelling behavior of a pH-responsive PEG-modified nanogel on the cross-link density

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goshu Tamura ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Atsushi Tamura ◽  
Yusuke Sanada ◽  
Motoi Oishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
The Cross

Reclaiming of waste guayule natural rubber vulcanizate—reclaim rubber for green tire applications: An approach for sustainable development

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Ghorai ◽  
Dipankar Mondal ◽  
Sawar Dhanania ◽  
Santanu Chattopadhyay ◽  
Madhusudan Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Infrared Study ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Silica Dispersion ◽  
The Fourier Transform

This article illustrates the reclaiming of guayule natural rubber (GNR) vulcanizate by bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT), and as-grown reclaim rubber facilitates the silica dispersion in GNR product application without adding any coupling agent. This article deals with the performance evaluation of silica-filled revulcanizates with promising application in green tire. The extent of reclaiming was monitored through the measurement of sol content, cross-link density, Mooney viscosity, and degree of reclaiming. The differential scanning calorimetry study was carried out to evaluate the fraction of immobilized polymer chains and its dependence on cross-link density of the vulcanizates. The Fourier transform infrared study and also sulfur analysis independently indicate the attachment of the fragmented TESPT with the polymer chain and cross-link bonds. The study of mechanical properties clearly shows that in revulcanized GNR, the optimum property is achieved when reclaiming time is set for 40 min. The effect of reclaiming time on dynamic mechanical behavior such as storage modulus and loss tangent was studied. The scanning electron microscopy studies show the coherency and homogeneity of silica-filled revulcanize rubber with reclaiming time.

scholarly journals Influence of the chemical structure of cross-linking agents on properties of thermally reversible networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Massimo Polgar ◽  
Robin R.J. Cerpentier ◽  
Gijs H. Vermeij ◽  
Francesco Picchioni ◽  
Martin van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Molar Amount ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
The Cross

Abstract It is well-known that the properties of cross-linked rubbers are strongly affected by the cross-link density. In this work it is shown that for thermoreversibly cross-linked elastomers, the type and length of the cross-linker also have a significant effect. A homologous series of diamine and bismaleimide cross-linkers was used to cross-link maleic-anhydride-grafted EPM irreversibly and furan-modified EPM thermoreversibly, respectively. Bismaleimide cross-linkers with a polarity close to that of EPM and a relatively low melting point have a better solubility in the rubber matrix, which results in higher chemical conversion and, thus, higher cross-link densities at the same molar amount of cross-linker. Samples cross-linked with different spacers (aromatic and aliphatic spacers of different lengths) were compared at the same cross-link density to interpret the effects on the material properties. The rigid character of the short aliphatic and the aromatic cross-linkers accounts for the observed increase in hardness, Young´s modulus and tensile strength with respect to the longer, more flexible aliphatic cross-linkers. In conclusion, the structure of the cross-linking agent can be considered as an alternative variable in tuning the rubber properties, especially for thermoreversibly cross-linked rubber.

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