Method and apparatus for characterization of electric field-induced aggregation in pre-crystalline protein solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 015112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Wakamatsu
Author(s):  
Songquan Sun ◽  
Richard D. Leapman

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.


2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 103537
Author(s):  
Li Cai ◽  
Qiang Hu ◽  
Jianguo Wang ◽  
Xin Zou ◽  
Quanxin Li ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ichimura ◽  
M Hirano ◽  
A Tada ◽  
E Arai ◽  
H Takamatsu ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBAROS ASLAN ◽  
LESTER F. EASTMAN ◽  
WILLIAM J. SCHAFF ◽  
XIAODONG CHEN ◽  
MICHAEL G. SPENCER ◽  
...  

We present the experimental development and characterization of GaN ballistic diodes for THz operation. Fabricated devices have been described and gathered experimental data is discussed. The major problem addressed is the domination of the parasitic resistances which significantly reduce the accelerating electric field across the ballistic region (intrinsic layer).


AIP Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 097181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada H. Dushaq ◽  
Amro Alkhatib ◽  
Mahmoud S. Rasras ◽  
Ammar M. Nayfeh

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